JP2970438B2 - Waveform memory type tone generator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a waveform memory type musical tone generator for reading out waveform data stored in a waveform memory and generating a musical tone in an electronic musical instrument or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, this type of apparatus samples the amplitude of an original sound waveform for each type of musical instrument, for example, and stores the sampled value as waveform data at successive addresses in a waveform memory in the order of sampling. Then, waveform data is selected in accordance with the tone color of the musical tone to be generated, and an F number which is a ratio (pitch ratio) between the pitch of the musical tone signal to be generated and the pitch of the original waveform of the selected waveform data is determined.
Using the accumulated value of the number as the read address of the waveform memory, the waveform data is sequentially read from the waveform memory at the same frequency as the sampling frequency to reproduce the tone signal.

Note that the read address obtained by accumulating the F number is generally a decimal value, and the waveform data corresponding to the read address of the decimal value is not stored. Corresponding waveform data is generated by interpolation based on this.

Thus, a tone signal of a desired pitch can be obtained from the waveform data of the original sound waveform, and a plurality of tone signals can be generated from the waveform data of one type of the original sound waveform. Need not be stored, and the capacity of the waveform memory can be reduced.

However, the tone of a natural musical instrument has a slightly different waveform if the pitch is different even for the same kind of tone. For example, a keyboard-type electronic musical instrument is provided with a plurality of waveform data for one tone.
Some select waveform data according to the key range.

In addition, there is a technique called pitch bend in an electronic musical instrument in which the pitch of a musical tone is continuously changed in accordance with the operation of a manipulator. In this case, a pitch change can be obtained by changing the F number according to the operation amount of the pitch bend operation element. However, if the reproduction frequency of one type of original sound waveform is changed only according to the pitch, the timbre becomes unnatural. Become.

Therefore, the waveform data is switched every time the pitch specified according to the operation of the pitch bend operator exceeds a certain range so that a natural tone can be obtained even in such a pitch bend. It is to be noted that using a larger number of waveform data sets that are switched according to the pitch results in a more natural tone.

[0008]

However, since the switching of such waveform data is controlled by the main CPU based on the operation amount of the pitch bend operator or the like, for example, when vibrato or the like is added by pitch bend, the operation of the operator is not performed. If the operation fluctuates near the threshold value at which the waveform data is switched, the load on the CPU increases, causing a delay in other operations, for example, a sound generation start process.

The present invention relates to a waveform memory type tone generator which switches waveform data in accordance with the pitch of a tone to be generated, without increasing the load on the main CPU even if the set of waveform data is increased. It is an object to enable control of data switching.

[0010]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus which comprises a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a tone color of a musical tone and a plurality of pitch ranges. And a pitch modulation operating means for inputting the modulation amount of the pitch of the musical tone, and selecting the waveform data according to the designated pitch,
Waveform selecting means for selecting waveform data in the waveform memory in accordance with the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operating means; and a pitch corresponding to the waveform data based on the waveform data selected by the waveform selecting means. A musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone, wherein the waveform selecting means selects the waveform data according to a hysteresis loop characteristic with respect to the increase or decrease of the modulation amount.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type tone generating apparatus for storing a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a state value, a parameter input means for inputting a control parameter as needed, and an input. State value generating means for generating a state value according to the control parameter at any time with characteristics having hysteresis corresponding to the increase or decrease of the control parameter, and the waveform data according to the current state value from the waveform memory. A tone generating means for generating a tone by reading the tone.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus, comprising: a waveform memory for sequentially storing a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a control parameter value at a storage location corresponding to each address; Parameter input means for inputting parameters, and
Selection data generating means for generating selection data varying with time; generating an address signal including an integer part and a decimal part; and generating waveform data corresponding to the selection data from the waveform memory based on the integer part of the address signal. And a tone generating means for generating a musical tone by performing an interpolation process based on a decimal part of the address signal in accordance with the read waveform data, wherein the musical tone generating means comprises: There detects the timing that matches the predetermined address including a fraction part, at the timing, it has occurred at that time
The readout waveform data is changed according to the selected data.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus , wherein the waveform data is stored in at least two areas.
And a waveform stored in the waveform memory.
Shape data, and based on the read waveform data,
And at least two tone generation channels capable of simultaneously generating a plurality of tone waveforms, and a waveform data read out from one of the tone generation channels.
Timing detecting means for detecting a timing at which the data read address has reached a predetermined address, and detecting the tone in the one tone generating channel at the detected timing.
Stop generating the waveform and generate the one tone
The waveform data read by the channel is stored
Read waveform data stored in an area different from the area
Other tone generation channels of said tone generation channels
And sound generation connection means for starting the operation .

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type musical sound generating apparatus, wherein the waveform data stored in the waveform memory is stored in the waveform memory.
At least two tone generation channels capable of simultaneously generating a plurality of tone waveforms based on the above-mentioned, and a timing at which the tone waveform being generated in one of the tone generation channels has a predetermined phase is detected. Timing detection means, sound connection means for setting a tone characteristic to another tone generation channel among the tone generation channels at the detected timing and generating a tone generation start instruction, and a tone generated in each tone generation channel And an envelope generating means for generating the envelope of the other tone generating channel from the envelope value of the one tone generating channel at the detected timing .
And an envelope connection means for controlling so as to generate

[0015] The waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus according to claim 8 of the present invention includes a waveform memory for storing a plurality of different waveform data is sequential generate a plurality of read addresses corresponding to a plurality of tone generation channels An address counter and a waveform memory according to the plurality of read addresses.
Musical tone generating means for sequentially reading out waveform data for musical tone generation in the musical tone generation channel and generating a musical tone signal for each musical tone generation channel , and one musical tone generator generating the musical tone
Timing detecting means for detecting when the corresponding read address of the formed channel has reached a predetermined address; and at the detected timing, the current value of the tone of the one tone generating channel is changed to the tone of another tone generating channel. The read address of the another tone generation channel is set based on the read address current value of the one tone generation channel so that the current value of the other tone generation channel is inherited, and the tone characteristics are set in the another tone generation channel. and sounding connection means for instructing the start of sounding.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a waveform memory type tone generating apparatus for storing a plurality of waveform data in accordance with a control parameter value in a storage location corresponding to each address. Parameter input means for inputting control parameters, selection data generating means for generating selection data which fluctuates with time in accordance with the input control parameters, holding means for holding the selected data, and holding from the waveform memory Means for selectively and repeatedly reading waveform data corresponding to the selection data held by the means, generating a tone based on the read waveform data, and detecting a timing at which the tone generating means repeats the reading; The selection data held by the holding means at the timing is generated by the selection data generating means at that time.
And updating means for rewriting said selected data are, characterized by comprising a. The wave according to claim 10 of the present invention
The memory-type tone generator generates multiple different waveform data.
Waveform memory for storage and multiple tone generation channels
Address counter that generates multiple corresponding read addresses
Data from the waveform memory according to the plurality of read addresses.
Waveform data for tone generation in each tone generation channel
Data is read out in time division
Tone generating means for generating a tone signal;
The read address corresponding to the two tone generation channels is
Detects timing exceeding a specified address including decimal part
Timing detecting means for detecting the timing, and the detected timing
And a corresponding read address of the one tone generation channel.
Address exceeds the predetermined address, and
Excessive amount leads to the read address of another tone generation channel.
So that the other tone generating channel is
Set the read address of the channel and
Sound generation connection means for instructing the sound generation channel to start sound generation
And characterized in that:

[0017]

In the waveform memory type tone generator according to the first aspect of the present invention, the waveform memory stores a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a tone color of the tone and a plurality of pitch ranges. The waveform selecting means selects the waveform data in the waveform memory according to the designated pitch, and selects and switches the waveform data according to the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operating means. A musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the waveform data is generated based on the waveform data selected by the means.

The waveform selecting means selects waveform data according to the characteristics of a hysteresis loop with respect to the increase or decrease of the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operating means. Therefore, even if the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation means fluctuates around any pitch, the switching of the waveform data does not frequently occur.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the waveform memory type tone generator, a plurality of waveform data corresponding to state values are stored in the waveform memory. The parameter input means inputs a control parameter as needed, and the state value generating means generates a state value according to the control parameter as needed with a characteristic having hysteresis corresponding to the increase or decrease of the input control parameter. The tone generator generates a tone by reading waveform data corresponding to the current state value from the waveform memory. Therefore, the switching of the waveform data does not frequently occur even if the control parameter input by the parameter input means fluctuates near any parameter value.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of waveform data corresponding to control parameter values are sequentially stored in a storage location corresponding to each address. The parameter input means inputs control parameters as needed, and the selection data generating means generates selection data which fluctuates with time according to the input control parameters. The musical tone generating means generates an address signal including an integer part and a decimal part, and selectively reads out the waveform data corresponding to the selected data from the waveform memory based on the integer part of the address signal. A tone is generated by performing an interpolation process based on the decimal part of the address signal corresponding to the waveform data. The musical sound generating means detects a timing at which the address signal matches a predetermined address including a decimal part, and at that timing ,
The waveform data to be read is changed according to the selected data generated at the time .

Therefore, in the prior art, when the waveform data during sound generation is selected and changed by the control parameter,
Since the waveform data to be read next is changed at the timing when the last address of the waveform data currently being read (reproducing) is read, in order to smoothly connect different waveforms, it is necessary to perform the selection change. It is necessary that there is a sample that exactly matches each waveform data before and after, but in the waveform memory type tone generator according to claim 5 of the present invention, there is a sample that exactly matches each waveform data before and after the selection change. There is no need.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, at least two tone generation channels can simultaneously generate tone waveforms , and the timing detecting means includes one of the tone generation channels. Read out waveform data that is read out on the tone generation channel
The timing at which the address reaches a predetermined address is detected. The sound connection means detects the one at the detected timing.
Stop generation of musical tone waveforms in two musical tone generation channels
And read on the one tone generation channel.
The area different from the area where the output waveform data was stored
Starting reading of the waveform data stored in the area in another tone generation channel among the tone generation channels .
You.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, at least two tone generating channels can simultaneously generate tone waveforms , and the timing detecting means includes one of the tone generating channels. The timing at which the musical sound waveform being generated in the musical sound generation channel has reached a predetermined phase is detected. At the detected timing, the tone generation connection means sets tone characteristics to another tone generation channel among the tone generation channels and generates a tone generation start instruction. The envelope generating means generates an envelope of a tone generated in each tone generating channel, and the envelope connecting means generates the envelope at the detected timing .
Control is performed so as to generate the envelope of the other tone generation channel from the envelope value of one tone generation channel.

In the waveform memory type tone generator according to the present invention, a plurality of different waveform data are stored in the waveform memory. The address counter has a plurality of read addresses corresponding to a plurality of tone generation channels.
The to order the next generation. Tone generating means sequentially reads out the waveform data for your <br/> Keru tone generating from the waveform memory for each tone generation channel in response to the read address of said plurality of respective easy
Generate a tone signal for the sound generation channel . The timing detecting means detects a timing at which a corresponding read address of one tone generation channel for which a tone is being generated has reached a predetermined address. Then, the tone generation connection means reads out the one tone generation channel so that the current value of the tone of the one tone generation channel is taken over by the current value of the tone of another tone generation channel at the detected timing. Based on the current address value, a read address of the another tone generation channel is set, a tone characteristic is set in the other tone generation channel, and a sound generation start is instructed.

Therefore, in a conventional sound source having a plurality of tone generation channels (tone generation channels), it is not possible to synchronize the phases of the waveforms generated between the respective tone generation channels. The sound cannot be smoothly connected from the waveform generated by the channel to the waveform generated by another sounding channel, but according to claim 6 or claim 7 or claim 8 of the present invention.
In the described waveform memory type tone generator, it is possible to smoothly connect a tone generated from one tone generation channel to a waveform generated by another tone generation channel.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, a plurality of waveform data corresponding to each control parameter value are sequentially stored in the waveform memory at a storage location corresponding to each address. . The parameter input means inputs control parameters as needed. The selection data generating means fluctuates with time according to the input control parameter.
The selection data generated, holding means for holding the selection data. The musical tone generating means selectively and repeatedly reads out the waveform data corresponding to the selection data held by the holding means from the waveform memory, and generates a musical tone based on the read waveform data. The updating means detects a timing at which the tone generating means repeats reading, and at that timing, selects the selection data held by the holding means at that time.
Is rewritten with the selection data generated by the selection data generation means . A waveform according to claim 10 of the present invention.
In a memory-type tone generator, the waveform memory
Different waveform data is stored. Address counter
Are multiple readouts corresponding to multiple tone generation channels.
Generate a dress. The tone generating means includes a plurality of
From the waveform memory to each tone generation channel according to the dress
Time-sequential reading of waveform data for generating musical tones
And generates a tone signal for each tone generation channel. Ta
Theiming detecting means is configured to generate one musical tone generating channel during musical tone generation.
If the read address corresponding to the channel
Detect the timing exceeding the address. And departure
The sound connection means performs the one music at the detected timing.
The corresponding read address of the sound generation channel is
The excess amount exceeding the address is detected, and the excess amount
So that it is inherited by the read address of the generated channel,
Reading the other tone generating channel based on the excess amount
Set the address and set another tone generation channel.
To start sounding.

Therefore, in the conventional technique, when the waveform data during sound generation is selectively updated by the control parameter,
Since the next waveform was prepared when the crossfade was completed while crossfading from one waveform to the other according to the control parameter, in order to smoothly connect different waveforms by the crossfade, The waveform memory according to claim 9 of the present invention has a problem in that the phases over one cycle of each waveform data need to be aligned before and after the selection change, and the configuration is complicated due to the cross-fade circuit. In the type musical tone generating apparatus, the waveforms can be connected smoothly without the need to align the phases of one cycle of each waveform data before and after the selection change, and the configuration is not complicated. In addition,
In the waveform memory type tone generator of claim 10,
Phase including the fractional part address between the tone generation channels
Continuity can be ensured.

[0028]

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument to which a waveform memory type tone generator according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
1 controls the entire electronic musical instrument using the working area of the RAM 3 based on a control program stored in the ROM 2.

More specifically, the CPU 1 operates the keyboard 4 to depress / depress a key.
Information such as a key code, key-on / key-off, and touch data is captured in response to a key-release key event. Also, the setting information such as the tone color number TC of the tone selected by the operation of the panel switch 5 is fetched, and the selected tone and the like are displayed on the display 6.

The sound source 7 reads out waveform data from the waveform memory 8 based on various information input from the CPU 1,
A digital tone signal is generated based on the waveform data. The digital tone signal is converted into an analog signal by the D / A converter 9 and a tone is generated by the sound system 10.

The pitch bend wheel 11 is an operation element as pitch modulation operation means, and outputs an analog signal corresponding to the rotation angle of the wheel to the A / D converter 12. A /
The D converter 12 converts an analog signal from the pitch bend wheel 11 into a digital signal at a constant sampling cycle, and outputs an interrupt signal to the CPU 1 every time the value of the digital signal is determined.

As a result, the CPU 1 controls the A / D converter 12
Interrupt processing is performed at a constant period corresponding to the conversion cycle of the control data C. A digital signal corresponding to the rotation angle of the pitch bend wheel 11 is output from the A / D converter 12
D, and controls the pitch bend of the musical tone and the waveform switching according to the change of the control data CD as described later.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a memory map for one timbre of the waveform memory 8. The waveform memory 8 stores waveform data corresponding to various timbres in a format as shown in FIG. The waveform data for each tone is
It consists of an attack waveform corresponding to the rising portion of the musical tone and a loop waveform corresponding to the sustained portion of the tone. In the waveform data of each tone, the attack waveform and the loop waveform are a plurality of patterns of waveform data (attack Waveform 1 to attack waveform n, and loop waveform 1 to loop waveform m).

The symbol AS shown in FIG. 3 indicates the start address of the attack waveform, the symbol LS indicates the start address of the loop waveform, the symbol AE indicates the end address of the attack waveform, and the symbol LE indicates the end address of the loop waveform.

Each waveform data is composed of time series data of the sampling value of the amplitude of the musical tone waveform. The waveform data actually recorded in the waveform memory 8 is, as shown in FIG. The processing is performed so that the start address AS (and the start address LS of the loop waveform) coincides with the zero cross point of each waveform, and the end addresses AE and LE coincide with the zero cross point of each waveform.

Here, when connecting from the attack waveform to the loop waveform, when repeating the loop waveform, and when switching the loop waveform and connecting to another loop waveform,
It is necessary to match the phase at the connection part of this waveform.

That is, the first waveform data of the attack waveform read at key-on is read from the start address AS, and the subsequent waveform data is interpolated corresponding to a read address having a decimal part which is generally determined according to the F number. Since the data is waveform data, the end of each waveform data is usually waveform data that does not coincide with the zero crossing point.

Therefore, when shifting from an attack waveform to a loop waveform, or when repeating a loop waveform and switching to a new loop waveform to shift to a new loop waveform, reading this loop waveform from the start address LS causes a phase shift from the previous waveform. Cause noise.

Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, a read address Eo exceeding the end address AE (or LE) is detected while generating a read address, and the read address Eo and the end address AE (or LE) are detected.
, The difference DIF is added to the start address LS of the loop waveform, and the added address value Ls is used as the first read address of the next loop waveform to perform phase matching.

Next, a method of pitch bending and waveform switching in the embodiment will be described. First, in order to make the operation feeling of the pitch bend wheel 11 suitable for the tone,
Since it is preferable to appropriately change the relationship between the operation amount of the pitch bend wheel 11 and the modulation degree of the pitch in accordance with the timbre, in this embodiment, the control data CD is converted to a conversion curve (conversion table) corresponding to the selected timbre. ) To bend data BD.

The bend data BD is a value in cent units, and a key code KCD generated when the keyboard 4 is turned on.
Is added to the bend data BD and output to the tone generator 7, whereby the pitch of the musical tone is modulated by the amount of the bend data BD to add a pitch bend.

On the other hand, for the waveform switching, for example, FIG.
As shown in (1), a plurality of sections in which the value ranges slightly overlap in the domain of the bend data BD are set by the threshold values TL and TH, and the control state CS which is an integer value is associated with each of the sections. And
The control state CS corresponding to the section of the bend data BD is obtained, and the waveform is switched by selecting the waveform data corresponding to the control state CS.

Here, in the overlapping part of each section (the part where two values of the control state CS exist for one value of the bend data BD), the bend data B
While D is in one section [TL, TH], the control state CS corresponding to that section, that is, the current control state CS is maintained.

Accordingly, the value of the control state CS changes with the characteristic of the hysteresis loop with respect to the bend data BD. Therefore, even if the bend data BD slightly fluctuates near any value, the control state CS is stabilized.
The CPU 1 responds to such a fluctuation of the bend data BD.
Eliminates the need for frequent waveform switching.

When the bend data BD is determined for the first time, such as immediately after the power is turned on or immediately after the pitch bend operation is performed, if the value of the overlapping portion of the section is obtained, for example, the control state of the smaller absolute value is used. One of them is selected, such as selecting CS.

The groups of thresholds TL and TH as shown in FIG. 1 are stored in accordance with the timbre and the key code, respectively, and this threshold group is selected in accordance with the timbre and the key code of the musical tone to be emitted.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the sound source 7. The sound source 7 of this embodiment performs multiplexed time-division processing of 32 channels. The CPU 1 applies the 0th and 16th channels, the 1st and 17th channels,. The two channels are treated as one set, such as the 31st channel, and one musical tone is generated for each set. In other words, a maximum of 16 tones can be generated simultaneously.

More specifically, when one musical tone is generated, C
The PU 1 allocates one channel by searching or truncating a vacant channel of the sound source 7 and performs sound generation processing on that channel. When it is necessary to switch waveform data due to pitch bend, the PU 1 is paired with another channel. Waveform switching is performed by performing sound generation processing for one channel.

In the following description of this embodiment,
For example, the channel assigned first by the CPU 1 is referred to as a “front channel” and another channel paired with the front channel is referred to as a “back channel”. ".

As shown in FIG. 6, the sound source 7
Has various registers for setting various parameters and signals. Note that 32 registers are provided so as to correspond to 32 channels, respectively, and other circuits also perform a time-division operation corresponding to each channel.

The reproduction pitch register 21a stores the pitch RP of the musical tone to be actually generated determined by the keyboard 4 and the pitch bend wheel 11, and the waveform pitch register 21b stores the currently selected waveform data in the waveform memory 8 when sampling. Is stored.

The start address AS of the attack waveform data is stored in the AS register 21c.
The register 21d stores the start address LS of the loop waveform data, the AE register 21e stores the end address AE of the attack waveform data,
The E register 21f stores the end address LE of the loop waveform data.

Further, the cascade on / off register 21
g is a cascade-on CO for controlling waveform switching.
N, a note-on register 21h stores a note-on NON for instructing sound generation, and various rate registers 21i store an attack rate AR, decay rates D1R, D2R, and a release rate RR of the envelope, respectively. The register 21j stores an initial level IL, an attack level AL, and a sustain level SL of the envelope.

The F number generator 22 generates the ratio between the pitch RP of the reproduction pitch register 21a and the pitch WP of the waveform pitch register 21b as an F number FN, and the address generator 23 generates an F number FN, as will be described later. Based on the start addresses AS, LS, note-on NON, cascade-on CON, and end detection signal OV, it outputs address data for reading the waveform memory 8 and interpolating the waveform.

The integer part of the address data is used as the actual access address of the waveform memory 8, and the decimal part is supplied to the interpolation circuit 24. The interpolation circuit 24 has a waveform memory 8
, And interpolates the interpolated waveform data based on the interpolated waveform data and the decimal part.
5 is output.

The attack / loop end detection section 26 detects the end of the attack waveform and the loop waveform based on the address from the address generation section 23, and sends the difference DIF between the end detection signal OV and the address to the address generator 23. Output and perform the above-described phase matching.

The note-on control section 27 outputs a note-on / note-off signal to the address generator 23 and the envelope generator 28, and controls switching of sounding / muting between channels at the time of waveform switching.

The envelope generator 28 generates an envelope value based on the data of the various rate registers 21i and the various level registers 21j and outputs the generated envelope value to the multiplication circuit 25. The envelope value is multiplied by the waveform data from the interpolation circuit 24. You.

Then, the waveform data to which the envelope has been added is output to the channel accumulator 29. The channel accumulator 29 accumulates each data of the 32 channels and outputs 1
The accumulated data is output as a tone signal every cycle.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing details of the address generator 23 and the attack / loop end detecting section 26. In the address generator 23, the start address AS of the attack waveform is input to a selector (SEL) 23a. The start address LS of the loop waveform is
b, and the F number FN is input to the adder 23c. The adder 23b is provided with the difference DIF for phase matching.
Is added to the loop address LS, and the added address is input to the selector 23a. The adder 23c
Adds the F number FN to the generated read address,
This added value (accumulated value) is input to the selector 23a.

The selector 23a is switched by the switching control circuit 23d based on the end detection signal OV, the cascade on CON and the note on NON from the attack loop end detecting section 26, and the attack is performed when the note is on.
Select static over preparative address AS of click waveform outputs, and selects and outputs the output of the adder 23b when the end detection or cascade on, selects the output of the adder 23c and outputs at other times.

The output of the selector 23a is input to a delay circuit (32D) 23e that performs a shift operation in synchronization with time-division channel switching and delays 32 channels, and the delayed output of the delay circuit 23e is input to an adder 23c. At the same time as the read address.

The attack / loop end detecting section 26 detects the end address A of the attack waveform and the loop waveform.
E and LE are input to the selector 26a, and the selector 26a
Selectively outputs the end address AE of the attack waveform at note-on, and selectively outputs the end address LE of the loop waveform by the end detection signal OV. The output of the selector 26a is supplied to the adder 23 of the address generator 23.
The output of c is input to the comparator 26b.

The comparator 26b outputs the output of the adder 23c, that is, the read address obtained by accumulating the F number,
The end address AE of the attack waveform or the end address LE of the loop waveform is compared, and when the read address exceeds the end address AE or LE, the end detection signal O is output.
V and output the end address AE at that time.
Alternatively, the read address is subtracted from the end address LE, and the difference DIF is output.

The difference DIF from the comparator 26b is delayed by the selector 26c and the delay circuit (16D) for delaying 16 channels.
The delay output of the delay circuit 26c is input to the selector 26c.

On the other hand, the cascade signal control unit 26e
The cascade control signal CC (CC = 1) is output by the first end detection signal (OV = 1) after the cascade on CON set from PU1, and this cascade control signal CC is delayed by 16 channels (16D). 26
The signal is delayed by f and input to the selector 26c as a switching signal.

The selector 26c selectively outputs the output of the comparator 26b when CC = 0, and selectively outputs the output of the delay circuit 26d when CC = 1.
The output of 6c is input to the adder 23b of the address generator 23 as a difference DIF.

With the above configuration, in the channel for which note-on is set by the CPU 1 (however, the cascade is off), first, the start address AS is selected by the selector 23a and input to the delay circuit 23e, and in the next time slot, In addition to being output as a read address, the adder 23c adds the F number FN and inputs the result from the selector 23a to the delay circuit 23e.

This operation is repeated to generate a read address, during which the comparator 26b of the attack / loop end detecting section 26 compares the attack waveform end address AE with the next read address (output of the adder 23c). When the next read address exceeds the end address AE, the end detection signal OV = 1 is output, and the difference DIF at this time is input from the selector 26c to the adder 23b of the address generator 23.

The difference DIF is added to the start address LS of the loop waveform by the adder 23b, and the added value is selected by the selector 23a by the end detection signal OV and input to the delay circuit 23e. As a result, the generation of the read address shifts from the attack waveform to the loop waveform.

Similarly, a read address is generated in the loop waveform, and when the sum of the read address output from the delay circuit 23e and the F number FN exceeds the end address LE of the loop waveform, the difference DIF is similarly changed to the loop waveform. And the generation of the read address is repeated.

When the cascade-on is set by the CPU 1 in the channel for which the note-on is set in this way, the cascade signal control section 26e thereafter becomes a loop end, and the first end detection signal after the cascade-on (OV = 1) is detected, and the cascade control signal CC (C
C = 1) is output.

This cascade control signal CC is applied to delay circuit 2
6f delays 16 channels and the comparator 26
Since the difference DIF output from b is delayed by 16 channels by the delay circuit 26d, 1 D is added to the original front channel.
When the back channel is delayed by 6 channels, the difference D
The IF is input to the adder 23b of the address generator 23 via the selector 26c.

Since the waveform is switched when the cascade is on , the start address LS of the loop waveform input to the adder 23b is also the switched waveform, and the read address for this waveform is displayed. It is generated in the back channel as in the case of the channel.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing details of the envelope generator 28. The state controller 28a controls the selector 28b, the level controller 28c, and the rate controller 28d based on note-on and cascade-on. In addition, the state control unit 28a includes a level control unit 28a.
An envelope state ES indicating the current state of the envelope is generated based on the comparison result of the output of c and the generated envelope value in the comparator 28e.

That is, the envelope state ES is
ES = 0 at the rising portion of the attack portion, ES = 1 at the falling portion of the attack portion, and ES = 2 at the sustain portion.
And ES = 3 in the release portion, and this envelope state ES is delayed by 16 channels and 32 channels by delay circuits 28f and 28g, respectively, which delay 16 channels, and input to the input terminals s ₂ and s ₁ , respectively. Is done.

The level controller 28c is a state controller 28
Under the control of a, the level of each section of the envelope is selectively output, and the rate control section 28d selectively outputs the rate of each section of the envelope under the control of the state control section 28a. This rate is added to the delay output of the delay circuit 28i by the adder 28h and input to the selector 28b. The output of the selector 28b is input to the delay circuit 28i and the comparator 28e via the delay circuit 28j.

With the above-described configuration, in the channel for which note-on is set by the CPU 1, the note-on causes the selector 28b to first select and output the initial level IL, and then select the output of the adder 28h.

Then, the envelope values are output from the delay circuit 28j by delaying 32 channels by the delay circuits 28j and 28i and accumulating the outputs (AR, DR, RR) of the rate control unit 28d by the adder 28h. At this time,
Accumulation is started from the attack rate AR, and the envelope value is output. The comparator 28e compares the envelope value with the level output from the level control unit 28c to obtain an attack unit, a decay unit, and a sustain unit. ,
The switching timing of the release section is detected.

The switching timing of each section of the envelope is detected, the output of the level control section 28c and the output of the rate control section 28d are switched, and the envelope state ES is switched.

On the other hand, if the cascade is set during the envelope generation as described above, the state control unit 28a switches the input of the input terminals s ₂ and s ₁ and delays the input by the selector 28b. The output of the circuit 28j is selected to shift the operation by 16 channels. That is, the generation and output of the envelope value are switched from the front channel to the back channel or from the back channel to the front channel.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of channel switching of an envelope. In this example, the control state CS is changed from “2” to “3” to “4” due to pitch bend.
The output channel of the envelope value corresponds to the front channel (ich) and the rear channel (i + 16c) in response to the change of the control state CS.
h). Note that the envelope state ES corresponds to an attack section, a delay section, a sustain section, and a release section, respectively.

With the above configuration of the tone generator 7, the CPU 1 assigns the channels of the tone generator 7 and sets each data in the registers 21a to 21j of the assigned channel, so that the tone generator 7 switches sound generation, mute and waveform. I do.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a main routine of a control program executed by the CPU 1, and FIGS.
5 is a flowchart of a subroutine and an interrupt processing routine, and the operation of the embodiment will be described based on each flowchart. In the following description and each flowchart, each register and the like are represented by the following labels, and their storage contents are represented by the same label unless otherwise specified.

BD: register of bend data TC: register of selected tone number KCD: register of key code k, k ': register of channel number i: register of channel number of front channel TC _k : tone number of channel k Register KCD _k : register of key code of channel k RP _k : register of pitch of channel k CS _k : register of control state of channel k

When the main routine of FIG. 11 is started by turning on the power, initial settings such as resetting of each register are performed in step S1. In step S2, the tone number switch on event of FIG. A panel switch process such as a process is performed, and a key event such as a key press event process in FIG.

In the timbre number switch-on event process of FIG. 12, the timbre number input in step S11 is stored in the register TC, the timbre number TC is displayed on the display 6 in step S12, and the routine returns to the original routine.

In the key press event process of FIG. 13, the key code of the event key is stored in the register KCD in step S21, the tone generation channel is allocated in step S22, and the allocated channel number is stored in the register k (0 ≦ k ≦ 15).

Next, in step S23, the timbre number TC is stored in the register TCk of the channel k, and the key code KCD is stored in the register KCDk of the channel k. Then, the flow advances to step S24.

In step S24, the control data CD is converted into the bend data B using a conversion table corresponding to the tone color TC.
D, and in step S25, add the bend data BD to the key code KCD to add a register RPk of the channel k.
To be stored.

Next, at step S26, the timbre number TC,
An attack waveform is selected based on the bend data BD, and the start address AS and end address AE of the attack waveform are set to the AS register 21c and LS of the channel k.
In the register 21d, the state of the bend data BD is determined based on the threshold value group THG corresponding to the tone color TC and the key code KCD described with reference to FIG. 1 in step S27, and the control state CS obtained from the determination result is obtained.
(Corresponding to the attack waveform selected in step S26) is stored in the register CSk of the channel k.

Then, in step S28, the tone color data and the pitch RPk corresponding to the control state CSk of the tone color TC are set to the channel k of the tone generator 7, a note-on is transmitted, and the routine returns to the original routine.

The interrupt processing routine of FIG. 14 is started in the conversion cycle of the A / D converter 12, takes in the data of the A / D converter 12 in step S31, stores it in the control data register CD, and in step S32. It is determined whether or not the control data CD has changed. If there is no change in the control data, there is no change in the pitch bend wheel 11, so that the routine returns to the original routine. If there is a change, there is a change in the operation of the pitch bend wheel 11, so that the processing after step S33 is performed.

In step S33, the channel number register i for channel management is set to "0", and the increment of the register i in step S302 and the determination processing in step S301 determine the step S34 for the 16 sets of the front channel and the back channel. ~ Step S3
Step 9 is repeated.

In step S34, it is determined whether the (i) channel or the (i + 16) channel is sounding, and if neither is sounding, the process proceeds to step S301.
If any one is sounding, the channel number of the sounding channel is stored in the register k in step S35, and the channel number of the back channel is stored in k '.

Next, in step S36, the control data CD is converted to the bend data BD using the conversion curve of the timbre TCi.
Then, in step S37, the waveform updating process of FIG. 15 is performed. Then, in step S38, the bend data BD is added to the key code KCDi and stored in the register RP. In step S39, the reproduction pitch RP of the k channel and the k 'channel is updated, and the process proceeds to step S301.

As described above, the waveform updating process is completed for all the sounding channels, and at step S301 i
= 16, the process returns to the original routine.

In the waveform updating process of FIG. 15, for example, whether the control state CS is changed by the bend data BD based on a threshold value group in which the threshold values TL and TH as shown in FIG. Determine whether or not.

Note that this threshold group is determined by the upper limit TH _{i of} each section.
_{= TH (TC i, KC i} , CS i) the lower limit of and each interval _{TL i = TL (TC i,} KC i, CS i) is composed of.

First, in step S41, the bend data BD is compared with the tone color TC _i of the i-channel, the key code KC _i, and the upper limit TH _{i of} the section selected in the control state CS _i , and whether or not BD> TH _i is satisfied. Is determined. BD> If the TH _i the control state CS _i in step S41 is incremented by "1", the process proceeds to step S45.

[0102] Otherwise BD> TH _i in step S41, in step S43, the comparison tone i channel TC _i, the lower limit TL _i and bend data BD of the key code KC _i and control states CS _i in selected section determines whether the BD <TL _i. BD <TL
_{If i} , control state CS in step S44
i is decremented by “1”, and the process proceeds to step S45 where B
D <to return to the TL _i unless the original routine.

[0102] At step S45, the k 'channel source 7, and sets the tone color data including a start address LS loop waveform corresponding to the control state CS _i timbre of TC _i, and sends a cascade on the original Return to routine.

By the above processing, the value of the control state CS can be changed with the characteristic of the hysteresis loop as shown in FIG. 1 with respect to the change of the bend data BD.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of waveform switching, in which the control state CS changes from "2" to "1".
"0" → "-1" → "0" → "1" → "2" → "3" →
.. Shows a case in which it has changed. First, an attack waveform corresponding to CS = 2 is selected by note-on, and when the attack waveform ends, the waveform is switched to a loop waveform w1 corresponding to the value of CS = 1 at that time.

[0105] switched to loop waveform w1 corresponding to the value of CS = 0 at the time when the loop waveform w1 is completed, _{sequentially, w 0 → w -1 → w} 0 → w 0 → w 2 → w 3 → ... and the loop waveform is switched. When the value of the control state CS changes in this way, the waveform is switched,
The value of the control state CS does not change if the operation of the pitch bend wheel 11 is slight.

That is, since the control state CS for designating the switching of the waveform changes with the characteristic of the hysteresis loop with respect to the change of the bend data BD, the switching of the waveform is frequently performed regardless of the position where the pitch bend wheel 11 slightly fluctuates. This does not occur, and the load on the CPU 1 can be reduced.

The attack waveform also has a plurality of types of waveform data according to the timbre and the key code. In step S26 of the key pressing process, the timbre number T
C, since the attack waveform is selected based on the bend data BD, it is possible to generate a more natural or felt musical sound.

In the above embodiment, the previously selected waveform is immediately switched to the subsequent waveform at the cascade-on timing, but it may be switched to the subsequent waveform while cross-fading. In this case, after the generation of the cascade-on signal at which the subsequent waveform starts, the previous waveform continues note-on for a predetermined period to provide a period during which both the previous and next waveforms are reproduced. Over the period from the previous waveform to the subsequent waveform. The weighting of the waveform for the crossfade can be realized with a slight increase in hardware since the envelope generator and the multiplier can be used.

Further, in the embodiment, n attack waveforms and m loop waveforms are prepared. However, such a combination is not limited to the embodiment, and for example, a set of the attack waveform and the loop waveform is set to n. A pair may be prepared.

In the embodiment, the pitch bend wheel is used as the pitch modulation operation means. However, any pitch modulation operation means may be used as long as it modulates the pitch.

Further, in the embodiment, the keyboard-type musical instrument has been described. However, it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied to any electronic musical instrument such as a wind instrument model electronic musical instrument that switches the waveform according to the pitch.

Further, in the present embodiment, two sounding channels are allocated and secured from the start of sounding in response to each sounding instruction in order to switch the waveform. After that, when a change in pitch bend data actually requires waveform switching, a channel for generating a new waveform may be allocated and secured. In the above embodiment, only half the number of all sound channels of the sound source can be simultaneously sounded. However, in this case, more sounds can be generated.

[0113]

As described above, according to the present invention, in a waveform memory type tone generator in which waveform data is switched in accordance with the pitch of a tone to be generated, the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operating means is reduced. When the waveform data is switched and selected according to the waveform data, the waveform data is selected by the hysteresis characteristic with respect to the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operation means. Switching of the waveform data does not frequently occur even if it fluctuates in the vicinity. Therefore, even if the number of sets of waveform data is increased, switching of waveform data can be controlled without increasing the load on the main CPU.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing characteristics of a hysteresis loop of a control state with respect to bend data in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an electronic musical instrument to which the waveform memory type musical sound generator according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a memory map for one tone in a waveform memory according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a start address and an end address of waveform data and a zero-cross point in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining phase matching of waveform data in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a sound source according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing details of an address generator and an attack loop end detection unit in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating details of an envelope generating unit according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of channel switching of an envelope in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of waveform switching in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a main routine of a control program according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a tone number switch-on event process in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a key press event process in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart of an interrupt processing routine according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a waveform updating process according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 CPU 2 ROM 3 RAM 4 Keyboard 7 Sound Source 8 Waveform Memory 11 Pitch Bend Wheel 23 Address Generator

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waveform memory storing a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a tone color of a musical tone and a plurality of pitch ranges, pitch modulation operation means for inputting a modulation amount of a musical tone pitch, and Waveform selecting means for selecting the waveform data in the waveform memory in accordance with the modulation amount input by the pitch modulation operating means, and selecting the waveform data based on the waveform data selected by the waveform selecting means. Music generating means for generating a musical tone having a pitch corresponding to the waveform data, wherein the waveform selecting means selects the waveform data with a hysteresis loop characteristic with respect to the increase or decrease of the modulation amount. Waveform memory type tone generator. 2. The plurality of waveform data comprises an attack portion corresponding to a rising portion of a musical tone and a loop portion corresponding to a continuation portion of the musical tone, and the attack portion and the loop portion each comprise a plurality of waveform data. 2. A tone generator according to claim 1, wherein said tone generator is a tone generator. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said musical tone generating means performs phase matching between the preceding waveform data and the subsequent waveform data for the waveform data selected and switched by said waveform selecting means. 3. A waveform memory type tone generator according to claim 2. 4. A waveform memory for storing a plurality of waveform data according to a state value, a parameter input means for inputting a control parameter as needed, and a characteristic having hysteresis corresponding to an increase or decrease of the input control parameter. Optionally, state value generating means for generating a state value according to the control parameter; and musical sound generating means for reading out the waveform data according to the current state value from the waveform memory to generate a musical tone. Characteristic waveform memory type tone generator. 5. A waveform memory for sequentially storing a plurality of waveform data corresponding to a control parameter value at storage locations corresponding to respective addresses; a parameter input means for inputting a control parameter as required; Data generating means for generating selection data which fluctuates with time, generates an address signal including an integer part and a decimal part, and selects the address signal from the waveform memory based on the integer part of the address signal. Selectively read the waveform data corresponding to the data,
Musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone by performing an interpolation process based on a decimal part of the address signal in accordance with the read waveform data, wherein the musical tone generating means includes a predetermined number in which the address signal includes a decimal part. A waveform memory type tone generator which detects a timing corresponding to an address, and changes the waveform data to be read in accordance with the selected data generated at that time at the timing. 6. Waveform data is recorded in at least two areas.
Read out the stored waveform memory and the waveform data stored in the waveform memory, and
At least two tone generation channels capable of simultaneously generating a plurality of tone waveforms based on the read waveform data, and a read address of the waveform data read by one of the tone generation channels.
A timing detection means for detecting the timing became constant address, at the detected timing, said one tone generating Chang
Stops the generation of musical tone waveforms in the
The waveform data read by one tone generation channel
Waveform stored in an area different from the area where the data was stored
A tone generation connection means for starting data reading in another tone generation channel among the tone generation channels. 7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said waveform data is stored in a waveform memory.
At least two tone waveforms can be generated simultaneously
Two tone generation channels, timing detection means for detecting timing at which a musical tone waveform being generated in one of the tone generation channels has a predetermined phase, and the detected tone, Sound generation connection means for setting a tone characteristic to another tone generation channel among the generation channels and generating a sound generation start instruction; envelope generation means for generating an envelope of a tone generated in each tone generation channel; waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus characterized by comprising a an envelope connecting means for controlling to generate an envelope of the other tone generation channels from the envelope value of the one of the music sound generating channel in the timing. 8. A waveform memory for storing a plurality of different waveform data, and an address counter for sequential generate a plurality of read addresses corresponding to a plurality of tone generation channels, each from the waveform memory according to the read address of the plurality of Musical sound
Sequentially reading out the waveform data for the tone generation in generation channels, and tone generation means for generating a tone signal of each tone generation channel, one corresponding read address of the tone generation channels in generating a tone becomes a predetermined address Timing detecting means for detecting the current timing of the one tone generation channel so that the current value of the tone of the one tone generation channel is succeeded to the current value of the tone of another tone generation channel at the detected timing. Sounding connection means for setting a read address of the another tone generating channel based on the current read address value of the channel, setting a tone characteristic to the another tone generating channel, and instructing a start of sounding. A waveform memory type musical sound generator characterized by the following. 9. A waveform memory for sequentially storing a plurality of waveform data in accordance with control parameter values at storage locations corresponding to respective addresses, parameter input means for inputting control parameters as needed, Selection data generating means for generating selection data that fluctuates with time in accordance with the selection data; holding means for holding the selection data; and waveform data corresponding to the selection data held by the holding means from the waveform memory. And a tone generating means for generating a tone based on the read waveform data, detecting a timing at which the tone generating means repeats reading, and selecting the holding by the holding means at the timing. The data is generated by the selection data generating means at that time.
That said updating means for rewriting the selection data, the waveform memory type musical tone generating apparatus characterized by comprising a. 10. A waveform memory for storing a plurality of different waveform data, an address counter for generating a plurality of read addresses corresponding to a plurality of tone generation channels, and generating each tone from the waveform memory in accordance with the plurality of read addresses. A tone generating means for sequentially reading out waveform data for generating a tone in the channel in a time-division manner and generating a tone signal for each tone generating channel; And timing detecting means for detecting a timing exceeding a predetermined address, including: a detecting unit detects, at the detected timing, an excess amount of a corresponding read address of the one tone generation channel exceeding the predetermined address; Based on the excess amount, the amount is carried over to the read address of another tone generation channel. And a sound connection means for setting a read address of the another tone generation channel and instructing the other tone generation channel to start sound generation. 11. A crossfade for performing a crossfade from a tone waveform generated by said one tone generation channel to a tone waveform generated by said another tone generation channel in response to said tone generation start instruction generated by said tone generation connection means. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising:
The waveform memory type musical sound generator according to the above. 12. Depending on the indicated the sounding start instruction of the sound connecting means, crossfade performing crossfade from the one tone waveform that tone generating channel generates to the other tone waveform that tone generating channel generates 9. A method according to claim 8, further comprising:
0. A waveform memory type tone generator according to item 0.