JPH0640262B2 - Electronic musical instrument with tuning device - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument with a tuning device, and particularly to a musical instrument suitable for music education.

[Conventional technology]

A conventional tuning device is, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-20297, is composed of a single device, and by visually displaying the pitch deviation of a musical instrument sound signal input from the outside with respect to a reference pitch, It functions as an auxiliary tool when tuning the input instrument sound. In addition, this type of tuning device can be used with certain musical instruments (eg, guitars, basses, etc.).
Is prepared, only pitch information of a specific reference pitch is prepared in advance, and this is compared with the pitch of the external input signal.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-51718, a reference tone oscillating source is provided for tuning an electric guitar, an electric bass, etc., and this reference tone can be produced together with a tuning target tone. It is disclosed that the octave of the reference tone can be changed by the switching operation of the switch. The reference sound is centered around 440 Hz, and it is shown that the pitch can be controlled to some extent up and down by operating the variable resistor.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

The tuning device shown in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 59-20297,
Since the pitch deviation is simply displayed visually, it is not possible to auditorily inform how the correct reference pitch is the pitch, and the educational effect is lacking. Therefore, it can be used without any problem as a pitch deviation measuring and displaying device for tuning a specific musical instrument, but it is insufficient as a tuning device that can also be used for music education. Further, the pitch to be tuned is also limited to a specific pitch, which is also insufficient. On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-51718, it is shown that a reference tone can be produced in tuning and the pitch of the reference tone can be adjusted to some extent. However, in order to switch the octave of the reference tone, it is conscious It is troublesome to operate the changeover switch.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and enhances the educational effect by being able to generate a musical sound corresponding to the reference pitch, and allows the reference pitch to be arbitrarily selected by the operator, and the reference pitch The electronic musical instrument with a tuning device that automatically selects the reference pitch and the octave relationship between the external input signal, and allows the selection of the pitch regardless of the octave of the external input signal that is the tuning target. Is to provide.

In particular, the present invention provides an electronic musical instrument with a tuning device capable of solving the following problems caused by automatically adjusting the octave relationship between the reference pitch and the external input signal. Is what you are trying to do.
That is, by automatically adjusting the octave relationship between the reference pitch and the external input signal, it is possible to increase the frequency range of the external input signal to be tuned, but the frequency range of the input signal is If it spreads, it becomes difficult for the circuit for measuring the frequency or period to perform accurate measurement in any frequency band. This is because the constituent circuit of the circuit for measuring the frequency or the period itself has frequency characteristics, and it is difficult to exhibit good characteristics over the entire wide frequency range.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The basic configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. A plurality of operators 2 (for example, a plurality of keys on a keyboard) are provided to select a desired pitch, and the operation of the operators 2 is described. A tone generating means 4 is provided to generate a tone corresponding to the pitch selected according to the above. The measuring means 3 inputs a signal to be tuned from the outside and measures the frequency or period of this input signal. The comparison reference data generating means 5 uses the pitch selected by the operator 2 as a reference pitch and generates comparison reference data corresponding to this reference pitch. The comparison reference data and the measurement data obtained by the measuring means 3 are compared by the comparing means 6, and the comparison result is displayed on the display means 1. The display means 1 performs a display corresponding to the pitch of the external input signal or its pitch deviation with respect to the reference pitch, and comprises, for example, a plurality of display segments corresponding to the magnitude of the pitch deviation with respect to the reference pitch. The display segment corresponding to the pitch shift of the input signal is turned on. The comparison control means 7 is provided in association with the comparison means 6, and one of the comparison reference data and the measurement data used by the comparison means 6 is changed in octave units, and the measurement means 3 is changed in accordance with the change in the octave units. Generate a response control signal that controls the measurement conditions at.

Various comparison formats in the comparison means 6 are conceivable, and the format of the comparison reference data also takes an appropriate format according to the comparison format. It doesn't really matter what kind of comparison you take,
The point is that the pitch or pitch deviation of the external input signal can be determined with reference to the reference pitch. Therefore, the comparison reference data may be frequency or period data indicating the reference pitch itself, or some form of reference pitch such as frequency or period data of several pitches indicating a predetermined pitch deviation from the reference pitch. Any data that corresponds to

[Action]

The pitch corresponding to the regular pitch of the external input signal to be tuned is selected by the operator 2, and this is set as the reference pitch.
Then, the musical tone corresponding to the selected pitch is generated by the musical tone generating means 4, so that the reference pitch, that is, the regular pitch to be tuned can be auditorily confirmed by listening to the generated tone. This is very useful for music education, because you can acquire the correct pitch when tuning. In this case, the tone color of the tone having the reference pitch generated by the tone generating means 4 can be made to be the same as or close to the tone color of the external input signal, so that a more accurate tone can be cultivated.

In order to be able to make an effective comparison for tuning in the comparison means 6, it is generally required that the octave of the reference pitch and the pitch of the input signal be the same. For that purpose, when selecting the reference pitch with the operator 2, it is necessary to consider not only the note name of the input signal but also the octave, which is troublesome. However, according to the present invention, this is not necessary, and the reference pitch may be selected by considering only the note name regardless of the octave. This is because the comparison control means 7 automatically changes at least one of the comparison reference data and the measurement data in units of octaves, and controls so that the octaves of both data are common. In other words, such data change in units of octaves is nothing but searching the octave range of the external input signal.

Since the octave relationship between the reference pitch and the external input signal is automatically adjusted, it is possible to increase the frequency range of the external input signal to be tuned. However, when the frequency range of the input signal is widened, in the measuring means 3 for measuring the frequency or period,
It is difficult to measure accurately in any frequency band. This is because it is difficult to show good characteristics in the entire wide frequency range because the constituent circuits in the measuring means 3 have frequency characteristics. So, in this invention,
In the comparison control means 7, a response control signal is generated according to the octave range of the external input signal which is changed in octave units, that is, a search condition of the measuring means 3 (frequency response performance or frequency characteristic is generated according to the response control signal. ) Is trying to control. In this way, by switching the measurement condition according to the tone range of the external input signal, it becomes possible to perform the measurement with high precision on the external input signal in any tone range.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 2 shows a hardware configuration of an electronic musical instrument with a tuning device according to the present invention.

The key switch circuit 10 includes a key switch corresponding to each key of the keyboard KB. Tones and other manipulator circuits 11
Includes a plurality of manipulators for selecting, setting and controlling tone colors and other musical sound elements, and also includes display means corresponding to each manipulator as necessary. Microcomputer 1
2 is for controlling the operation of this electronic musical instrument,
Broadly speaking, each key switch of the key switch circuit 10 is scanned to detect a pressed key, and the function of assigning the sound of the pressed key to any of a plurality of tone generation channels and the tone color and other operator circuit 11 are scanned. It has a tuning function and a function to detect the selection, setting, and control of tone colors and other musical sound elements. The tone forming circuit 13 is capable of independently forming tone signals in a plurality of tone generating channels, and under the control of the microcomputer 12,
It is given to the pitch information of the pressed key assigned to each channel and the control information of the tone color and other musical tone elements,
A tone signal is formed based on these pieces of information. The musical tone signal formed by the musical tone forming circuit 13 is given to the sound system 14 and is sounded. The general musical tone generating function of such an electronic musical instrument is generally known and may be realized by using any structure, and therefore the details thereof will not be described.

The plurality of display segments 1a to 1n provided corresponding to the magnitude of the pitch shift with respect to the reference pitch are composed of, for example, light emitting diodes (hereinafter referred to as LEDs). Each of these segments 1a to 1n specifically corresponds to a predetermined pitch shift width. An example of the boundary value of each pitch deviation width is as shown in FIG. 2, and is −40 to −30 cents, −30.
~ -20 cents, -20 to -10 cents, -10 to -3 cents,
-3 to -1 cent, -1 to +1 cent, +1 to +3 cent, +3 to +10 cent, +10 to +20 cent, +20 to +30
Eleven segments 1a to 1n are provided corresponding to eleven kinds of pitch deviation widths of cents and +30 to +40 cents. In the microcomputer 12, -80 to
Judgment processing is also performed for the pitch deviation width of -40 cents and +40 to +80 cents, but no display segment corresponding to this pitch deviation width is provided. The reason why the pitch deviation width for performing the determination process is expanded will be described later.

The microcomputer 12 is responsible for the functions corresponding to the comparison reference data generation means 5, the comparison means 6, the comparison control means 7, etc. shown in FIG. 1, and supplies the display control circuit 15 with information indicating the segments to be turned on. The display control circuit 15 is
Control is performed to turn on the segment designated by the microcomputer 12.

The reference pitch can be arbitrarily designated by pressing a desired key on the keyboard KB. At this time, a musical sound of the pressed key is generated as in a normal electronic musical instrument, and the pitch designated as the reference pitch can be confirmed by ear. in this case,
The tone forming circuit 13 forms the tone of the tone having the reference pitch in accordance with the tone color and the tone color selected by the other operation circuit 11, so that the tone color corresponding to the musical instrument to be tuned is generated by the circuit 1.
If selected in 1, it is possible to produce a tone of the reference pitch with a tone color that is the same as or similar to the musical instrument to be tuned,
Not only is it easy to hear when listening to the sound to be tuned, but it is also suitable for auditory education for tuning. Further, this reference pitch can be specified by using any octave keyboard on the keyboard KB regardless of the octave of the input signal to be tuned. Therefore, when the reference pitch and the pitch of the input signal are compared and judged, the octave of the input signal is automatically judged, and the octaves of both are automatically adjusted to make the judgment. Therefore, when the key-depressing operation for designating the reference pitch is performed, only the note name of the tone to be tuned needs to be considered, and the octave thereof need not be considered, which is easy.

The measuring circuit 16 corresponds to the above-mentioned measuring means 3 and is connected to the microcomputer 12 via the interface 17. The measuring circuit 16 has an input terminal 1
A musical tone to be tuned is externally input in the form of an electric signal or a sound wave signal via the 8 or the built-in micro 19. The switch 20 selects whether the input signal is received as an electric signal or a sound wave signal. The input signal is given in parallel to the bandpass filter 21 and the lowpass filter 22, and the selector 23 selects one of the outputs of the filters 21 and 22. The selection control input of the selector 23 is a response control signal LO for controlling the frequency response of the measuring circuit 16.
W is given.

The response control signal LOW is a signal given from the microcomputer 12 through the interface 17, and is "0" in the high tone range and "1" in the low tone range according to the fundamental frequency band of the input signal to be tuned. It will be. By controlling the frequency response of the measuring circuit 16 by the response control signal LOW, it is possible to switch the response of the measuring circuit 16 to one suitable for the frequency band according to the frequency band of the input signal, and improve the measurement accuracy. You can

The selector 23 selects the output of the low pass filter 22 when the response control signal LOW is “1”, and selects the output of the band pass filter 21 when the response control signal LOW is “0”. These filters 21 and 22 are for removing noise and harmonic components contained in the input signal.

The output of the selector 23 is input to the positive side peak hold circuit 24 and the negative side peak hold circuit 25, and further input to the positive side comparator 26 and the negative side comparator 27. The positive side peak hold circuit 24 holds the positive peak value of the output signal of the selector 23, and the negative side peak hold circuit 25 holds the negative peak value. The positive side comparator 26 inputs the positive peak value held by the positive side peak hold circuit 24, and switches the comparison output to the active level when the output signal of the selector 23 is the positive peak value. The negative side comparator 27 inputs the negative peak value held by the negative side peak hold circuit 25, and switches the comparison output to the active level when the output signal of the selector 23 is the negative peak value.

The outputs of the respective comparators 26 and 27 are added to the set input S and the reset input R of the flip-flop 28, and set or reset when the active level. Therefore, the flip-flop 28 is set at the positive peak point of the output signal of the selector 23, that is, the tuning target signal, and reset at the negative peak point. Thus, the square wave signal synchronized with the fundamental cycle of the tuning target signal is output from the flip-flop 28.

The output of the flip-flop 28 is input to the phase lock loop (PLL) circuit 29. The PLL circuit 29 absorbs a minute period variation of the input signal and outputs a square wave signal synchronized with the average fundamental period. In this way, the square wave signal synchronized with the fundamental period of the tuning target signal input from the outside, but with the fine period fluctuation removed,
It is output from the LL circuit 29.

The positive-side peak hold circuit 24 and the negative-side peak hold circuit 25 each include a time constant circuit, and the time constant is switched according to the response control signal LOW. Further, the PLL circuit 29 includes a voltage control type oscillator therein, and the oscillation frequency range thereof is switched according to the response control signal LOW.

FIG. 3 shows peak hold circuits 24 and 25 on the positive and negative sides.
3 is a diagram showing a detailed example of comparators 26 and 27. Positive peak values and negative peak values are held in capacitors C1 and C2, respectively, and discharged through resistors R1 and R2 or resistors R3 and R4. When the response control signal LOW is "0" (when the input signal is in the high frequency range), the transistors 31 and 32 are turned on, the resistors R2 and R3 having a large resistance value are short-circuited, and the time constant of the discharge circuit is reduced. Therefore, the peak hold suitable for the input signal in the high range can be performed. When the response control signal LOW is "1" (when the input signal is in the low frequency range), the transistors 31 and 32 are turned off, and the time constant of the discharge circuit becomes large.
Therefore, the peak hold suitable for the input signal in the low range can be performed.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the PLL circuit 29. The output of the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 33 and the flip-flop 28 are shown.
The output of FIG. 2 is compared with the phase comparator 34, and the output is given to the control input of the VCO 33 via the low pass filter 35. A response control signal LOW is also input to the VCO 33, and when the signal LOW is "0", the oscillation frequency range is set to a predetermined high range and when it is "1", it is set to a predetermined low range.

Returning to FIG. 2, the square wave signal output from the PLL circuit 29 is given to the period measurement control circuit 36. The cycle measurement control circuit 36 is for controlling the cycle of the output square wave signal of the PLL circuit 29 to be measured by the cycle measurement counter 37. The cycle measuring operation will be described with reference to the timing chart of FIG. 5. First, when the start signal START is given from the microcomputer 12 to the control circuit 36 via the interface 17, the control circuit 36 inputs the reset input of the counter 37. A reset signal is given to R to reset the old count contents. Next, from the time when the input square wave signal (output of the PLL circuit 29) to be measured for the period rises to "1" to the next rise to "1", that is, for one period, the counter 37 A signal "1" is applied to the enable input EN to enable the count. When it becomes possible to count, the counter 37 sequentially counts the clock pulses given from the clock oscillator 38. When one cycle to be measured ends, the signal of the enable input EN falls to “0”, the counting operation of the counter 37 stops, and the counter 37 holds the count value corresponding to the length of one cycle. At the same time, the end signal EOC is output from the control circuit 36 and given to the microcomputer 12 via the interface 17. The count value of the counter 37 is also given to the microcomputer 12 via the interface 17. In the microcomputer 12, the count value of the counter 37 when the end signal EOC is generated is taken in and stored as cycle measurement data of the tuning target signal input from the outside. If the cycle is extremely long, the counter 37 is set before the end of one cycle.
The count value of becomes the maximum value. In such a case, a signal MAX indicating that the maximum count value has been reached is output from the counter 37 and given to the control circuit 36. Based on this, the signal of the enable input EN is forcibly set to "0" to stop the counting operation. And keep the maximum count value.

Next, the processing relating to the tuning function executed by the microcomputer 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7. Note that the names and symbols of the main registers used in this program are listed in FIG.

When the tuning function is selected, the program shown in FIG. 6 has another program process (for example, key press detection scanning,
The tone generation assignment process, the operation detection scan of the manipulator circuit, the data transfer process to the tone forming circuit 13, and the like) are appropriately executed between the executions.

First, in step 39, the start register TSTART
Is "1", and if NO, the process proceeds to step 40, the start signal START is output, and then the register TST
Set ART to "1". Start signal START
Is output, the measurement circuit 16 is output as described above.
(FIG. 2) starts counting for measuring the period of the external input signal.

If the program of FIG. 6 is to be executed when the counting operation has already started, step 39 is YES,
In step 41, it is checked whether the above-mentioned end signal EOC has been given. If YES, the count value of the counter 37 is fetched and stored in the cycle measurement value register TCD.
Next, the start signal START is output again to prepare for the next cycle measurement.

In step 42, the contents of the latest key code register NCK and the reference key code register RKC are compared. The latest key code register NKC is a register whose storage is controlled in the key press detection scanning process, and stores the key code indicating the most recently pressed key. The reference key code register RKC stores the key code of the key corresponding to the reference pitch. When the latest key code does not match the current reference key code, that is, “N” in step 42.
KC ≠ RKC? Is YES, the routine proceeds to step 43, where the contents of the latest key code register NKC is written in the reference key code register RKC. In this way, the contents of the reference key code register RKC are always updated with the key code of the latest pressed key, and the latest pressed key becomes the reference pitch designation key.

The flow from step 43 to "return" is executed when the reference pitch of the tuning is changed by a new key depression. In step 44, data indicating the note frequency of the reference pitch (the frequency corresponding to the note name of the reference pitch in a specific octave, for example, the lowest octave regardless of the octave of the reference pitch designating key) is obtained based on the reference key code of the register RKC. Based on the note frequency data of the reference pitch (that is, the frequency data corresponding to the pitch deviation of 0 cent), each display segment 1a-1
Each boundary value of the pitch shift width corresponding to n (for example, +
1, +3, +10, +20, +30, +40, +80, -1,-
(3, -10, -20, -30, -40, -80 cents) are calculated respectively, and then the reciprocal of the frequency of each boundary value is calculated and converted into data showing the period of each boundary value. The cycle data is stored in the boundary value data register BDD. The comparison between the reference pitch and the pitch of the external input signal is not performed using the data indicating the reference pitch itself, but using the pitch data corresponding to the boundary value of the pitch deviation width corresponding to each display segment 1a to 1n. It is supposed to be done. Therefore, in the process of step 44, each boundary value is converted from a cent value to pitch data (period data in this example) according to the reference pitch. The reason why the pitch data of each boundary value stored in the register BDD is used as the cycle data is that the cycle of the external input signal is measured by the measuring circuit 16 (FIG. 2). is there.

Steps 45, 46, and 47 are processes for initial setting, and when the reference pitch is changed, these processes are performed in order to temporarily return to the initial state. In step 45, the response control signal LOW is set to "1" and output (corresponding to the low tone range). In step 46, octave register TO
"0" indicating the lowest octave in the octave data of CT
Set to. The octave register TOCT is used for automatically determining the octave tone range of the external input signal, and sequentially searches the octave of the external input signal while sequentially increasing the octave data stored therein.
As is apparent from this initial setting, the octave search of the external input signal is performed from the low octave side. In that case, the cycle data of each boundary value stored in the boundary value data register BDD is obtained based on the note frequency of the reference pitch in the lowest octave. Step 47
Then, the start signal START is output.

If the reference pitch is not changed, “NKC ≠ RKC?” In step 42 is NO, and the process proceeds to step 48. In step 48, the power of 2 is performed by the number of octaves corresponding to the contents of the octave register TOCT (2
^TOCT ), which is multiplied by the contents of the period measurement value register TCD (TCD * 2 ^TOCT ), and the result of the multiplication
Rewrite the contents of the CD. Since TOCT is "0" at the beginning, the content of the register TCD does not change. When the octave number of TOCT changes to "1", "2", "3" ...
The cycle measurement value of the register TCD changes in units of octave such as 2 times, 4 times, 8 times. This step 48 includes the reference pitch (that is, the period data of each boundary value in the register BDD) and the pitch of the external input signal (that is, the register TCD.
This is a process for making the octave range equal to or closer to the period measurement value data). As described above, since the cycle data of each boundary value in the register BDD corresponds to the lowest octave, if the octave of the external input signal is higher than the lowest octave, the register BDD is correspondingly increased.
I should raise the octave of the data in (B
(The DD cycle data is divided by 2 ^TOCT ), and the number of boundary values is large, which makes the calculation troublesome. Therefore, the octave of the external input signal is apparently lowered by setting the period measurement value data of the register TCD to 2 times, 4 times or 8 times without changing the data in the register BDD,
The number of octaves lowered (that is, the content of the octave register TOCT) determines how many octaves above the lowest octave the external input signal is.

In step 49, the minimum period data TCMIN (corresponding to +80 cents) and the maximum period data TCMAX (corresponding to −80 cents) corresponding to the outermost boundary values +80 cents and −80 cents are read from the boundary value data register BDD. , And the period measurement value data in the register TCD are compared to check whether the period measurement value data is within the range of TCMIN and TCMAX. If it is within the range, the LED display program 50 is executed to perform the process of turning on any of the display segments 1a to 1n made of LEDs.

If it is not within the range, the routine proceeds to step 51, where the contents of the octave register TOCT is incremented by 1. If the contents of the octave register TOCT correspond to the octave of the external input signal, the judgment “TCMIN <TC
D <TCMAX? Is satisfied, the pitch shift can be displayed using the segments 1a to 1n. But,
If the content of the register TOCT does not yet correspond to the octave of the external input signal, the determination in step 49 is not satisfied and the pitch shift cannot be displayed using the segments 1a to 1n. Therefore, by the process of step 51, the octave register TOCT is further increased by 1,
The octave search of the external input signal is further continued.

Step 52 provided in the loop for octave search is for determining the switching condition of the response control signal LOW. In this example, the effective number of octaves is 5 octaves, and the octave data corresponding to each octave is “0”, “1”, in order from the lowest octave.
It is assumed that they are "2", "3", and "4". Then, three octaves on the low tone side are set as a low tone range and two octaves on the high tone side are set as a high tone range, and the response control signal LOW is switched depending on which tone range the external input signal belongs to.
Therefore, in step 52, the octave register TOC
It is determined whether or not the content of T has become "3". If YES, the external input signal belongs to the high frequency range, so step 53
The response control signal LOW is set to "0". As a result, the period measurement condition in the measurement circuit 16 (FIG. 2) changes, so it is preferable to perform the period measurement again with high accuracy. Therefore, in step 54, the start signal START is output to measure the period.

On the other hand, if step 52 is NO, the procedure proceeds to step 56 via step 55 to double the period measurement value in the register TCD. This is a process corresponding to incrementing the content of the octave register TOCT by 1 in step 51, and lowers the period measurement value of the register TCD by one octave. Thereafter, the process returns to step 49 and the above-mentioned judgment is repeated.

The loop of steps 51 to 56 is repeated until step 49 becomes YES to search the octave of the external input signal. In step 55, it is checked whether or not the search is performed beyond a predetermined maximum octave, and the register TOC is used.
If the content of T is equal to or less than the valid maximum value "4" of octave data, TOCT = "5"? Is NO, the routine proceeds to step 56, where the octave search loop is continued. However, if the octave of the external input signal cannot be determined within the valid number of octaves, the process proceeds to YES in step 55 and returns to the processing (initial setting) of steps 45, 46 and 47.

The LED display program 50 will be described with reference to FIG. 7. In step 57, the currently-lit segment (1
Boundary value data of the upper limit and the lower limit of the pitch shift width corresponding to (1 of a to 1n) are read from the register BDD.
For example, when the segment corresponding to the pitch shift width of +1 to +3 cents is lit, the lower limit boundary value data is +1.
The cycle data corresponding to the cent is read, and the cycle data corresponding to +3 cent is read as the upper limit boundary value data. The register LEDNO stores the number of the segment which is currently lit. In addition, pitch deviation width +40 ~
Although the display segments corresponding to +80 cents and -40 to -80 cents are not actually provided, the register LEDN
In O, the number data can be stored as if the corresponding segment is provided. The content of the register LEDNO initially indicates (in the initial state) the number of the central segment corresponding to the pitch shift width of -1 to +1 cent. The segment number has a larger value as it corresponds to a higher pitch, and has a smaller value as it corresponds to a lower pitch.

In step 58, the upper limit boundary value and the lower limit boundary value of the currently lit segment read in the previous step 57 are compared with the contents of the cycle measurement value register TCD, and the pitch deviation of the external input signal with respect to the reference pitch is currently lit. Determine if it is within the segment. At step 58, any one of the following (A), (B), and (C) is judged.

(A) The cycle measurement value data of the register TCD is larger than the cycle data of the lower boundary value. That is, the pitch of the external input signal is lower than that of the segment that is currently lit.

(B) The cycle measurement value data of the register TCD is between the lower limit boundary value and the upper limit boundary value. That is, the pitch of the external input signal corresponds to the currently lit segment.

(C) The cycle measurement value data of the register TCD is smaller than the cycle data of the upper boundary value. That is, the pitch of the external input signal is higher than that of the segment that is currently lit.

In steps 59 to 61, the counting operation of the high-side movement counting register HCNT and the low-side movement counting register LCNT is controlled according to the judgment result of step 58. The high-side movement counting register HCNT is for setting a response delay between the determination and the switching operation when switching the segment to be lighted to the adjacent segment on the high pitch side. The low-side movement counting register LCNT is for setting a response delay between the determination and the switching operation when switching the segment to be lighted to the adjacent segment on the low pitch side. Addition or subtraction counting is performed on the contents of each register HCNT, LCNT. If the contents of the registers HCNT, LCNT become "0" due to the progress of subtraction, it will respond to the subsequent subtraction instruction. Instead, it shall maintain "0".

First, the case where the determination condition (A) is satisfied will be described. In step 59, the content of the register HCNT is decremented by 1, and the content of the register LCNT is incremented by 1. Next, in step 62, it is checked whether the content of the register LCNT is larger than "10". If NO, the process returns, and step 57,
The flow of 58, 59, 62 is repeated. The count value of the register LCNT increases by 1 each time it is repeated, and eventually the LCN
When the content of T exceeds "10", the process proceeds from YES in step 62 to step 63. In step 63, the register LC
Set "5" to NT. Next, at step 64, "1" is subtracted from the content of the lighting segment number register LEDNO, and the stored segment number is rewritten to the number of the segment adjacent to the currently lighting segment on the low pitch side. In step 65, the contents of the register LEDNO are output to the display control circuit 15 (FIG. 2), and the register LEDN is output.
The segment corresponding to the segment number stored in O is turned on. Thus, if the pitch of the external input signal is lower than the pitch corresponding to the currently lit segment,
The lit segment switches to the adjacent segment on the low pitch side.

If the judgment condition (A) is still satisfied even if the lighting segment is switched to the adjacent segment, it is necessary to switch the lighting segment to the adjacent segment on the lower pitch side. Therefore, the flow of steps 57, 58, 59 and 62 is executed. The content of the register LCNT is repeatedly counted up. In this case, since "5" is preset in the register LCNT in step 63, "LCNT>10?" In step 62 becomes YES when the content of LCNT is counted up 6 times. Based on this, the step 63,
64 and 65 are executed, and the lighting segment is switched to the adjacent segment on the lower pitch side.

In this way, the illuminated segment is sequentially switched to the adjacent segment until the segment corresponding to the pitch shift of the external input signal is illuminated.

When the lighting segment corresponds to the pitch shift of the external input signal, the judgment condition (B) of step 58 is satisfied. In that case, both registers HCNT,
The contents of LCNT are decremented by 1, and the process returns.

As described above, when the lighting segment is first switched to the adjacent segment from the time when the judgment condition (A) is first satisfied to the time when the judgment condition (B) is satisfied, step 6
Counting is performed until LCNT exceeds "10" without passing through 3. However, when switching the lighting segment to an adjacent segment thereafter, presetting "5" to LCNT in step 63 and counting until exceeding "10". The switching of the lighting segment is delayed until the content of the register LCNT exceeds "10", and this delay time is the longest when switching to the adjacent segment first, and it is the following when switching to the adjacent segment sequentially. Shorter than This is because the former case counts from "0" or at least a number smaller than "5" to "11", while the latter case counts from "5" to "11".

The reason why the content of the register HCNT is decremented by 1 in step 59 is that when the future lighting segment is moved in the reverse direction (to the high pitch side), the 1 increment count of the register HCNT in step 61 starts from the smallest possible number. This is to increase the response delay at the start of movement. In step 60, both registers HCNT, LC
For the same reason, the content of NT is decremented by 1,
This is to increase the response delay at the start of movement regardless of whether the lighting segment is moved to the high pitch side or the low pitch side in the future.

When the judgment condition (C) is satisfied, the process proceeds to step 61, and the processes of steps 66, 67, 68 and 69 are executed. These processes correspond to the processes of steps 59, 62 to 65 described above, and are performed by the registers HCNT, LCN.
The relationship of T is just reversed. That is, step 6
In the case of 1, the content of the register HCNT is incremented by 1, and the register L
Subtract 1 from the content of CNT. In step 66, it is determined whether the content of the register HCNT exceeds "10", and in step 67, "5" is preset in the register HCNT.
In step 68, the lighting segment number register LEDN
The content of O is incremented by 1 and rewritten to the segment number adjacent to the currently lit segment on the high pitch side. In step 69, the contents of the register LEDNO are displayed on the display control circuit 15
To turn on the segment corresponding to the rewritten segment number. Thus, when the pitch of the external input signal is higher than the pitch corresponding to the currently lit segment, the lit segment is switched to the adjacent segment on the high pitch side.

Similar to the above, until the judgment condition (B) is satisfied, the judgment condition (C)
The flow is repeated, and the lighted segments sequentially move to the high pitch side one segment at a time. Further, since "5" is preset in the register HCNT in step 67,
Similar to the above, the time delay when the lighting segment first moves to the adjacent segment is longest, and the time delay when the lighting segment is switched thereafter is shorter than that.
The reason why the content of the register LCNT is decremented by 1 in step 61 is the same as that described above. When the lighting segment is moved in the opposite direction (to the low pitch side) in the future, the value of 1 in the register LCNT in step 59 is changed. This is to increase the response delay at the start of movement by starting the addition count from the smallest possible number.

Through the above-described processing, for example, from the state where the segment 1a corresponding to the pitch deviation width of −40 to −30 cents is stably lit up to the segment 1d corresponding to the pitch deviation width of −10 to −3 cents When switching the segments, when the lighting is switched from the segment 1a to the segment 1b for the first time, the register HCNT counts from "1" to "11" and the segment is switched relatively slowly.
When the lighting is switched from 1c to 1c, and when the lighting is switched from 1c to 1d, the register HCNT changes from "6" to "1".
Counts up to 1 ”are made, and switching is relatively quick. Then, when the movement of the lighting position stops in the segment 1d, the register HCNT performs a subtraction count from "5" to "0". In this way, by making the response delay when starting the movement of the lighting position larger than the response delay during the movement, it is possible to make the continuous switching operation of the lighting segment similar to the movement of the mechanical pointer. It is possible and easy to see.

The outermost pitch deviation range -80 to -40 cents and +
40 to +80 cents does not actually have a corresponding display segment, but the segment numbers corresponding to these pitch widths can be stored in the register LEDNO as if the corresponding display segment were present. LED display program 50 of FIG. 7 regarding pitch width
Is designed to run. Along with this, when the contents of the period measurement value register TCD correspond to these pitch widths, step 49 in FIG. 6 is YES, and the count-up process of the octave register TOCT in step 51 does not proceed. Therefore, as described above, the LED display program 5 is used even for the pitch width which is not actually lit and displayed.
By executing 0, the octave register TOCT
Is prevented from being counted up frequently, and accordingly, the response control signal LOW is prevented from being frequently switched,
Suppress unnecessary fluctuations in the measurement conditions in the measurement circuit 16,
The period measurement can be performed under stable conditions.

In the above embodiment, each boundary value data stored in the register BDD represents the actual pitch at each boundary by a cycle, and the cycle measurement value data of the register TCD and the upper and lower limits read from the register BDD. The boundary value data is directly compared in step 58 of FIG. However, not limited to this, register B
Data indicating the pitch deviation amount of each boundary pitch with respect to the reference pitch is stored in DD, and in step 58, the difference between the cycle of the reference pitch and the cycle measurement value is obtained, and the difference and the upper and lower limits of the pitch deviation data format are stored. You may make it compare with boundary value data. Further, the pitch shift or the data expression format of the pitch is not limited to the data corresponding to the period, but may be numerical data corresponding to the frequency or the cent value itself.

Although the present invention is carried out by using the microcomputer in the above-mentioned embodiments, it is needless to say that the invention is carried out by a dedicated discrete circuit.

Also, the keyboard KB is used as a means for designating the reference pitch.
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and any other suitable pitch selecting operator can be used.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, since the reference pitch of the tuning can be heard, the correct pitch can be acquired during the tuning, and the educational effect is great. In this case, the tone color of the reference pitch tone can be matched to the musical instrument to be tuned, and the effect is even greater. Also, since the reference pitch and the octave of the input signal are automatically matched to make a comparison judgment, the operator selection operation for specifying the reference pitch does not consider the octave, but only the note name. Good and easy. Further, since the setting of the reference pitch is arbitrary and the frequency range of the external input signal is expanded, it can be used for tuning various types of musical instruments, and the application as a tuning device is expanded. In addition, the octave range of the external input signal is automatically determined, and based on this, the measurement conditions (frequency response performance or frequency characteristics) of the frequency or period measurement circuit are switched and controlled, so that the frequency range of the input signal can be expanded. Prevents accompanying measurement errors,
Accurate measurement can be performed in any frequency band.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram showing the basic configuration of the present invention,
2 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a detailed example of the positive and negative peak hold circuits and a comparator in the measuring circuit of FIG. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a phase-locked loop circuit in the measuring circuit, FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing an example of input / output signals of the period measurement control circuit in the measuring circuit, and FIG. 6 is a micro diagram of FIG. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of a tuning function program executed by a computer, and FIG.
Flowchart showing an example of an ED display program, eighth
The figure shows the main registers used when executing the programs of FIGS. 6 and 7. 1 ... Display means, 2 ... Multiple operators for pitch selection, 3
...... Measuring means, 4 ・ ・ ・ Music tone generating means, 5 …… Comparison reference data generating means, 6 …… Comparison means, 7 …… Comparison control means,
1a to 1n ... multiple display segments, KB ... keyboard,
10 ... Key switch circuit, 12 ... Microcomputer, 13 ... Music forming circuit, 14 ... Sound system, 16 ... Measuring circuit, TCD ... Period measurement value register, BDD ... Boundary value data register, NKC ... … Latest key code register, BKC …… Reference key code register, TOCT …… Octave register, 21 …… Band pass filter, 22 …… Low pass filter, 24,25
...... Peak hold circuit, 29 ...... Phase lock loop circuit.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Masaaki Mizuguchi 10-1 Nakazawa-machi, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka Nihon Gakki Co., Ltd. (56) Reference JP-A-50-51718 (JP, A) JP-A Sho 58-140795 (JP, A)

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of manipulators for selecting a desired pitch, a tone generating means for generating a tone corresponding to a pitch selected according to an operation of the manipulator, and an externally applied tone generator. Measuring means for measuring the frequency or period of the input signal, means for generating comparison reference data corresponding to the reference pitch with the pitch selected by the operator as a reference pitch, the comparison reference data and the measuring means Comparing means for comparing with the measurement data of, the display means for performing a display corresponding to the pitch of the input signal or the pitch deviation with respect to the reference pitch based on the comparison result of the comparing means, and the comparison reference data used by the comparison means And a response for changing one of the measurement data in octave units and controlling the measurement conditions in the measuring means in accordance with the data change in octave units. Electronic musical instrument with tuning device with a comparison control means for generating a control signal. 2. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring means includes a filter circuit to which the input signal is input, and the frequency characteristic of the filter circuit is changed and controlled according to the response control signal. Electronic musical instrument with tuning device. 3. The measuring means includes a peak detection circuit for detecting a peak of the input signal, the peak detection circuit includes a time constant circuit, and the time constant of the time constant circuit is used as the response control signal. The electronic musical instrument with a tuning device according to claim 1, wherein the electronic musical instrument is modified and controlled accordingly. 4. The tuning according to claim 1, wherein the measuring means includes a phase-locked loop circuit including an oscillator, and changes and controls the oscillation frequency range of the oscillator according to the response control signal. Electronic musical instrument with device.