JPH0634881B2 - How to wash the filter layer - Google Patents
How to wash the filter layerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0634881B2 JPH0634881B2 JP61158272A JP15827286A JPH0634881B2 JP H0634881 B2 JPH0634881 B2 JP H0634881B2 JP 61158272 A JP61158272 A JP 61158272A JP 15827286 A JP15827286 A JP 15827286A JP H0634881 B2 JPH0634881 B2 JP H0634881B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- layer
- water level
- filtration
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は上向流式濾過装置の濾過層の洗浄方法に関する
ものである。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for cleaning a filter bed of an upflow filter.
（従来の技術） 濾過槽の内部に底部から上部に向って順次粒径が小さく
なる複数層の炉過層と支持砂利層を形成し、底部から供
給された原水をこの濾過槽中に上向きに通水させながら
濁質を捕捉させる上向流式濾過装置は、その高い濁質捕
捉能力により下水の三次処理用などに広く用いられてい
る。ところが濾過層中の特に、砂層と砂利層の境界面等
に濁質が蓄積されるにつれて濾過層が閉塞され圧力損失
が増加するため、圧力損失が一定値に達した場合には洗
浄を行う必要がある。(Prior art) A plurality of layers of furnace overlayers and supporting gravel layers are formed inside the filtration tank from the bottom toward the top, and the raw water supplied from the bottom is directed upwards into this filtration tank. Upflow filtration devices that capture suspended matter while passing water are widely used for tertiary treatment of sewage due to its high suspended matter trapping ability. However, as suspended matter accumulates at the boundary between the sand layer and the gravel layer, etc., the filter layer is blocked and pressure loss increases.Therefore, it is necessary to perform cleaning when the pressure loss reaches a certain value. There is.
従来はこの主の濾過層の洗浄方法としては底部からエア
ブローを行って濁質を濾材から剥離させた後に洗浄水を
底部から供給して濁質をオーバーフローさせる方法が普
通であるが、気泡の攪拌力は気泡径に左右されるため水
面付近で急激に大きくなり、最も多量の濁質が捕捉され
ている砂層と上部砂利層の境界面に対しては十分な洗浄
効果を得ることができない欠点があった。そこで特公昭
52-37234号公報に示されるように、まず水位を低下させ
たうえでエアブローを行いつつ低水量で上向流に水を供
給し、水位を順次上昇させながら洗浄を行い、次いで高
水量で上向流に水を供給しすすぎ洗いを行う方法が開発
された。しかしこの方法は水位を移動させることにより
濾過層の全体にわたって十分に気泡の攪拌力を利用でき
る利点がある反面、水位を洗浄に適した速度で上昇させ
るための低水量洗浄ポンプを別に必要とすること、砂層
は砂粒子の沈降速度の差のため洗浄をくり返すことで上
部が細かく、下部が粗く成層化されるために剥離された
濁質が上層部の細粒部によって再び捕捉され易いこと等
の欠点が存在した。Conventionally, the main method for cleaning the main filtration layer is to blow air from the bottom to separate the suspended matter from the filter medium, and then supply the cleaning water from the bottom to overflow the suspended matter. Since the force depends on the bubble diameter, it rapidly increases near the water surface, and there is a drawback that a sufficient cleaning effect cannot be obtained for the boundary surface between the sand layer and the upper gravel layer where the most suspended matter is captured. there were. There
As shown in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-37234, first, the water level is lowered and then air is blown while supplying water in an upward flow at a low water amount, and then washing is performed while gradually increasing the water level, and then at a high water amount. A method has been developed in which water is supplied countercurrently for rinsing. However, this method has the advantage that the stirring force of the bubbles can be sufficiently utilized throughout the filtration layer by moving the water level, but on the other hand, it requires a separate low-water-volume washing pump to raise the water level at a rate suitable for washing. Due to the difference in sedimentation speed of sand particles, the sand layer is repeatedly layered so that the upper part is finer and the lower part is coarsely stratified. There was a defect such as.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） 本発明は上記したような従来の問題点を解決して、上向
流式濾過装置の濾過層の全域から濁質を確実に除去する
ことができ、しかも洗浄のために特別のポンプを設置す
る必要のない濾過層の洗浄方法を目的として完成された
ものである。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and can reliably remove turbidity from the entire area of the filter layer of an upflow filter. It was completed for the purpose of cleaning the filtration layer without the need to install a special pump for cleaning.
（問題点を解決するための手段） 本発明は、濁質を捕捉した上向流式濾過装置の濾過層を
洗浄するにあたり、水位を連続的に低下させつつ濾過槽
下部から連続的にエアブローを行うことによって次第に
低下する水面付近で気泡を破裂させて濾材を撹拌し、そ
の表面に付着している濁質を濾過層の全域にわたって濾
材から剥離させ、剥離された濁質を下方に排出させるこ
とを特徴とするものである。(Means for Solving the Problems) In the present invention, when cleaning the filtration layer of the upward flow type filtration device capturing the suspended matter, air blow is continuously performed from the lower part of the filtration tank while continuously lowering the water level. By rupturing air bubbles near the surface of water that gradually decreases by stirring and stirring the filter medium, the suspended matter adhering to the surface is separated from the filter medium over the entire area of the filter layer, and the separated suspended matter is discharged downward. It is characterized by.
次に本発明を図面を参照しつつ更に詳細に説明すると、
第１図において(1)は上向流式濾過装置の濾過槽であ
り、その内部には支持砂利層(2)、および、上部砂利層
(3)と砂層(4)とから成る濾過層(5)が設けられ、常時は
調圧層(19)から供給された原水が管(6)、(7)を介して濾
過槽(1)の底部から送入され、濾過層(5)を上向きに通過
する間に濾過されて処理水路(8)から取出される構造と
なっている。ところが原水中の濁質が濾過層(5)に捕捉
されてその内部に蓄積されるにつれて通水抵抗が上昇す
るため、調圧槽(19)内の水位は初期水位(9)から次第に
上昇して上限水位(10)に達することとなる。このように
上限水位(10)に達したときには洗浄が開始されるのであ
るが、洗浄を行うにはまず排水ゲート(11)と捨水弁(12)
とを開き、濾過槽(1)内の水位を砂層(4)の上面(13)より
も30〜50cm高い検出水位(14)まで低下させたうえで槽底
部のエアブロー管(15)から圧縮空気の吹込みを開始す
る。この間も捨水弁(12)は開放されているので水位は徐
々に低下することとなり、連続的なエアブローにより水
中に生じた気泡は次第に低下する水面付近で急激に気泡
径を拡大させたうえで破裂し、水面付近の濾材を激しく
攪拌してその表面に付着している濁質を剥離させる。こ
のような剥離作用は濾過層(5)の上部から始まって次第
に下方へ移動し、剥離された濁質は管(7)を通じて捨水
弁(12)から排出される。本発明においてはこのように濾
過層(5)の上から下までの全域にわたって連続的に水位
を低下させつつエアブローを行うので、剥離された濁質
は粒径がより粗い下方へ移行することとなり、従来のよ
うに一旦剥離された濁質が粒径の細かい上層部で再度捕
捉されるようなことはない。またエアブローは濁質捕捉
量が多くより汚染の進んだ炉層の部分を長い時間行うこ
とが望ましいが、水位低下の速度は捨水弁(12)の開度を
コントロールすることにより自由に制御でき、場合によ
ってはタイマー等を利用して水位を所定位置で一時停止
させることも容易である。しかも本発明では自然水圧で
水抜きができるので、最も濁質付着量が多くより強力な
攪拌が必要な濾過層(5)の下方部分での水位低下が緩や
かに行われることとなる。このようにして水位が濾過層
(5)の下部に達したときエアブローは停止されるが、濁
質付着の程度によっては捨水弁(12)を閉じて管(16)から
洗浄水を供給し、水位を再び検出水位まで上昇させたう
えで同様の洗浄工程を必要回数繰返すこともでき、また
水位上昇中にもエアブローを継続することもできる。こ
のようにして本発明方法による洗浄を終了した後は洗浄
水による通常の上向流方式による洗浄を行う。この際に
洗浄排水は排水路(17)より排出される。なお(18)は砂層
(4)の上面(13)よりもやや下方に設けられた濾材の流出
を防止するためのグリッドである。次に本発明の好まし
い実施例を示す。Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 1, (1) is a filter tank of an upflow type filtering device, and a supporting gravel layer (2) and an upper gravel layer are provided inside thereof.
A filtration layer (5) consisting of (3) and a sand layer (4) is provided, and the raw water supplied from the pressure regulation layer (19) is normally filtered through the pipes (6) and (7) into the filtration tank (1). The structure is such that it is fed from the bottom of the tank, filtered while passing upward through the filter layer (5), and taken out from the treated water channel (8). However, the water resistance in the pressure regulating tank (19) gradually rises from the initial water level (9) because the water resistance increases as the suspended solids in the raw water are captured by the filtration layer (5) and accumulated inside. Will reach the maximum water level (10). In this way, when the maximum water level (10) is reached, cleaning is started, but in order to perform cleaning, first the drain gate (11) and the drain valve (12).
Open and open, lower the water level in the filtration tank (1) to a detected water level (14) 30 to 50 cm higher than the upper surface (13) of the sand layer (4), and then use compressed air from the air blow pipe (15) at the bottom of the tank. Start blowing. Since the drain valve (12) is still open during this time, the water level gradually decreases, and the bubbles generated in the water due to continuous air blowing gradually increase in diameter near the gradually decreasing water surface. It bursts and the filter material near the water surface is vigorously stirred to remove the suspended matter adhering to the surface. Such peeling action starts from the upper part of the filtration layer (5) and gradually moves downward, and the separated suspended matter is discharged from the drain valve (12) through the pipe (7). In the present invention, since air blowing is performed while continuously lowering the water level over the entire area from the top to the bottom of the filtration layer (5) in this way, the separated suspended matter has a coarser particle size and moves downward. However, unlike the conventional method, once suspended turbidity is not captured again in the upper layer portion having a small particle size. In addition, it is desirable to perform air blowing for a long time in the part of the reactor layer where the amount of suspended solids is large and the pollution is advanced, but the rate of water level decrease can be freely controlled by controlling the opening of the drain valve (12). In some cases, it is easy to temporarily stop the water level at a predetermined position using a timer or the like. Moreover, in the present invention, since the water can be drained by natural water pressure, the water level in the lower portion of the filtration layer (5), which has the largest amount of suspended solids and which requires stronger stirring, can be gradually lowered. In this way the water level is
When it reaches the bottom of (5), the air blow is stopped, but depending on the degree of adherence of suspended solids, the drain valve (12) is closed and washing water is supplied from the pipe (16), and the water level is raised again to the detected water level. After that, the same cleaning process can be repeated as many times as necessary, and the air blow can be continued even while the water level is rising. After the cleaning according to the method of the present invention is completed in this way, the normal upflow cleaning with cleaning water is performed. At this time, the cleaning drainage is discharged from the drainage channel (17). Note that (18) is a sand layer
A grid provided slightly below the upper surface (13) of (4) for preventing the filter material from flowing out. Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described.
（実施例） 濾過層の厚さ175 cmの上向流式濾過槽に12.5m3／m2・Hr
の濾速でSS濃度12mg／の原水を供給しつつ濾過を行わ
せる濾過装置の全損失水頭を調圧槽で測定し、全損失水
頭が3.0mに達したときに洗浄を開始した。まず排水ゲー
トと捨水弁とを全開し、水位が砂面上50cmの検出水位と
なったとき60m3／m2・Hrの圧縮空気による連続的なエア
ブローを開始し、その後３分間水位を低下させつつエア
ブローを継続したうえ捨水弁を90％まで閉じた。その後
更に５分間水位をゆっくりと低下させつつエアブローを
行ったのち捨水弁を全閉し、エアブローも停止した。次
に48m3／m2・Hrの水量で洗浄水を槽底部から供給したと
ころ、４分間経過後に排水路からの排水が始まった。そ
の後７分間にわたり排水を継続させ、合計20分間で洗浄
工程を終了した。この洗浄工程に要した洗浄水量は８m3
／m2であり、この方法によれば30回にわたり洗浄をくり
返した後も初期全損失水頭は45cmのままで変化しなかっ
た。(Example) 12.5 m 3 / m 2 · Hr was added to an upward flow type filtration tank with a filtration layer thickness of 175 cm.
The total loss head of the filtration device that performs filtration while supplying the raw water with SS concentration of 12 mg / at the filtration speed was measured by the pressure control tank, and when the total loss head reached 3.0 m, washing was started. First, fully open the drainage gate and drain valve, and when the water level reaches the detected water level of 50 cm on the sand surface, start continuous air blowing with 60 m 3 / m 2 · Hr compressed air, and then lower the water level for 3 minutes. While continuing the air blow, the drain valve was closed to 90%. After that, air blowing was performed while further slowly lowering the water level for another 5 minutes, and then the drain valve was fully closed to stop the air blowing. Next, when washing water was supplied from the bottom of the tank with a water amount of 48 m 3 / m 2 · Hr, drainage from the drainage channel started after 4 minutes had elapsed. Then, drainage was continued for 7 minutes, and the washing process was completed in a total of 20 minutes. The amount of washing water required for this washing process is 8 m 3
/ M 2, initial total head loss after was repeated washing for 30 times according to the method did not change remains 45cm.
これに対して同一の上向流式濾過槽の砂面上10cmで水位
を停止させ、60m3／m2・Hrの圧縮空気によるエアブロー
を10分間行い、その後15分間にわたり48m3／m2・Hrの洗
浄水による上向流方式による洗浄を行う従来法による場
合には、全洗浄時間27分、必要水量12m3／m2であり、15
回の洗浄をくり返しただけで初期全損失水頭は45cmから
70cmまで上昇した。On the other hand, the water level is stopped at 10 cm above the sand surface of the same upflow type filtration tank, air blowing with compressed air of 60 m 3 / m 2 · Hr is performed for 10 minutes, and then 48 m 3 / m 2 · 15 over 15 minutes. In the case of the conventional method in which the Hr wash water is used for up-flow washing, the total washing time is 27 minutes and the required water amount is 12 m 3 / m 2.
Initial total loss head starts from 45 cm after repeated washing.
It has risen to 70 cm.
（発明の効果） 本発明は以上の説明から明らかなように、自然水圧によ
る捨水による水位を濾過層の全域にわたり連続的に低下
させつつ連続的なエアブローを行い、これにより剥離さ
れた濁質を下方から排出させるようにしたので、一旦剥
離された濁質が粒径の細かい上層部の濾材に再捕捉され
ることがなく、しかも水位の低下速度は捨水弁により自
由に制御できるので従来のように洗浄用の大小２系列の
ポンプを設ける必要もない。従って本発明によればより
短時間でかつ少い水量で完全な洗浄が可能となり、簡単
に洗浄が行える等従来の問題点を解決した濾過層の洗浄
方法として、産業の発展に寄与するところは極めて大で
ある。(Effects of the invention) As is apparent from the above description, the present invention continuously blows air while continuously lowering the water level caused by natural water pressure over the entire area of the filtration layer, and the suspended matter thus peeled off. Since the turbidity is discharged from below, once suspended turbidity is not re-captured by the filter material of the upper layer with a fine particle size, and the rate of decrease of the water level can be freely controlled by the drain valve. Unlike the above, it is not necessary to provide two large and small pumps for cleaning. Therefore, according to the present invention, complete cleaning can be performed in a short time and with a small amount of water, and as a method for cleaning a filtration layer that solves the conventional problems such as easy cleaning, it contributes to industrial development. It is extremely large.
第１図は本発明により洗浄される上向流式濾過装置を示
す断面図である。 (1)：濾過槽、(5)：濾過層、(12)：捨水弁、(15)：エア
ブロー管。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an upflow filtration device to be cleaned according to the present invention. (1): Filtration tank, (5): Filtration layer, (12): Waste valve, (15): Air blow pipe.
Claims (1)
を洗浄するにあたり、水位を連続的に低下させつつ濾過
槽下部から連続的にエアブローを行うことによって次第
に低下する水面付近で気泡を破裂させて濾材を撹拌し、
その表面に付着している濁質を濾過層の全域にわたって
濾材から剥離させ、剥離させた濁質を下方に排出させる
ことを特徴とする濾過層の洗浄方法。1. When washing the filtration layer of an upward flow type filtration device that has captured suspended matter, near the water surface which gradually decreases by continuously lowering the water level and continuously air-blowing from the lower part of the filtration tank. Burst the bubbles and stir the filter media,
A method for cleaning a filter layer, characterized in that the suspended matter attached to the surface is peeled off from the filter medium over the entire area of the filter layer, and the peeled suspended matter is discharged downward.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61158272A JPH0634881B2 (en) | 1986-07-05 | 1986-07-05 | How to wash the filter layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61158272A JPH0634881B2 (en) | 1986-07-05 | 1986-07-05 | How to wash the filter layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6316010A JPS6316010A (en) | 1988-01-23 |
| JPH0634881B2 true JPH0634881B2 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
Family
ID=15667980
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP61158272A Expired - Lifetime JPH0634881B2 (en) | 1986-07-05 | 1986-07-05 | How to wash the filter layer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0634881B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02218410A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1990-08-31 | Tokyo Metropolis | Washing method for multilayer type packed bed |
| JP2007229658A (en) * | 2006-03-02 | 2007-09-13 | Ishigaki Co Ltd | Filtration treatment method using fiber filter medium, and filtration apparatus therefor |
| JP2015104709A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-08 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | Water treatment device and water treatment method using the same |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5439269A (en) * | 1977-09-02 | 1979-03-26 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method of washing upstream filter layer |
-
1986
- 1986-07-05 JP JP61158272A patent/JPH0634881B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6316010A (en) | 1988-01-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |