JPH06343203A - Electric car battery charger - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To charge a battery by automatically setting a charging voltage and current according to the type of the battery. CONSTITUTION:When charging a battery 103 on an electric car 102, a memory 104 on the electric car 102 reads out the charging conditions for the battery 103 and sends them to a charger 100 through a means of communication 105. The charger 100 controls the output voltage and current of a power source 101 by a control means 107 according to the charging conditions received by a receiver 106, thus charging the battery 103.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging device for charging a battery of an electric vehicle.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With the spread of electric vehicles, a charging station equipped with a charger for charging an in-vehicle battery has been installed. As shown in FIG. 16, a charging cable 2 is attached to the charger 1 of the charging station, and the connector 3 at the tip of the charging cable 2 is connected to the connector 5 of the electric vehicle 4 to charge the in-vehicle battery 6. Done.

By the way, there are various types of batteries mounted on electric vehicles, and the voltage and current during charging differ depending on the type. Therefore, when charging, it is necessary to set the charging voltage and current according to the type of battery. Normally, in a constant current charging mode in which a constant current is applied to the battery for charging, the terminal voltage of the battery gradually rises, and when the upper limit value is exceeded, the battery becomes hot. Therefore, it is necessary to stop charging when the terminal voltage of the battery exceeds the upper limit,
Since the upper limit value of the terminal voltage of the battery differs depending on the type of battery, it is necessary to set the charging current and the target voltage for stopping the charging according to the type during charging. In addition, even in constant voltage charging mode in which a constant voltage is applied to the battery for charging, a large current may flow at the start of charging, and the target current, which is the upper limit of the charging voltage and charging current, is set according to the type of battery. Must.

An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device for an electric vehicle that automatically sets a charging voltage and a current according to the type of battery for charging.

[0005]

The present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, which is a diagram for responding to claims. The present invention relates to an electric power source 101 of a charger 100 for charging a battery 103 mounted on an electric vehicle 102. It is applied to automobile charging devices. Then, the electric vehicle 102 is provided with a storage unit 104 that stores the charging condition of the battery 103, and a transmission unit 105 that transmits the charging condition stored in the storage unit 104 to the charger 100. Receiving means 1 for receiving the charged charging condition
06 and the control means 107 for controlling the output voltage and output current of the power supply 101 according to the charging condition received by the receiving means 106 are provided in the charger 100, thereby achieving the above object.

[0006]

When charging the battery 103 of the electric vehicle 102, the charging condition of the battery 103 is sent from the electric vehicle 102 to the charger 100, and the charger 100 controls the output voltage and the output current in accordance with the charging condition, 103 is charged.

[0007]

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of an embodiment. The figure shows an electric vehicle 10 for charging a battery.
2 shows a state in which a cable 25 is connected to the charger 20 of the charging station. A battery 11 is mounted on the electric vehicle 10, and charging power of the battery 11 is supplied to a traveling motor 13 via a switch 12 during traveling. The battery controller 14 includes a microcomputer and its peripheral components, a drive circuit, and the like, and controls charging of the battery 11. The electric vehicle 10 is also equipped with an auxiliary battery 15 for supplying control power to various electric components and an interlock relay 16 during charging. Further, the controller 17 is a traveling controller that controls traveling of the electric vehicle 10.

Charger 20 installed at the charging station
Is a high voltage power supply 21 for rectifying AC power supplied from the outside to output DC power, a switch 22 for opening and closing a charging current, a sensor 23 for detecting a charging voltage v and a charging current i, and a charging Is provided with a charger controller 24. Further, a cable 25 is attached to the charger 20, and a connector 26 at the tip of the cable is charged during charging.
Is connected to the connector 18 of the electric vehicle 10.

The cable 25 has two power lines 30 and 3.
One and six control lines 32-36 are included. In addition, illustration of the ground line in the control line is omitted. Power line 3
Reference numerals 0 and 31 are power lines for supplying charging power from the charger 20 to the battery 11 of the electric vehicle 10, and have a large cross-sectional area for supplying a large charging current. The control line 32 is a control line for detecting the connection state of the connectors 18, 26, and the charger 20 side is connected to the ground and the electric vehicle 10 side is connected to the coil 16c of the interlock relay 16. Further, the control lines 33 to 36 are
It is a control line for transmitting various control signals between the battery controller 14 of the electric vehicle 10 and the controller 24 of the charger 20. The control line 33 is used for the charger 20.
Is a dedicated control line for transmitting a charging start signal and a stop signal from the electric vehicle 10 to the electric vehicle 10, and the control line 34 is a dedicated control line for transmitting a charging permission signal and a prohibition signal from the electric vehicle 10 to the charger 20. . The control lines 35 and 36 are used for the battery controller 14 and the charger 2 of the electric vehicle 10.
It is a communication line for exchanging various kinds of charging information with the charger controller 24 of 0 according to a predetermined communication format.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the charger side connector 26,
FIG. 4 is a front view of the electric vehicle side connector 18. In addition, FIG. 5 shows the XX of the charger side connector 26 shown in FIG.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view, and FIG. 6 is an electric vehicle side connector 18 shown in FIG.
3 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 30q to 37q are female pins of the charger side connector 26 connected to the power lines 30 and 31 and the control lines 32 to 37, respectively. Also 30p-3
7p are power lines 30 and 31 and control lines 32-
It is a male pin of the electric vehicle side connector 18 connected to 37. The control line 37 is a ground line not shown in FIG. In a state where both connectors 18 and 26 are connected, the male pins 30p to 37p engage with the female pins 30q to 37q, respectively, and a charging current flows through the power lines 30 and 31, and a control current flows through the control lines 32-37. . Although not shown, the structure of the male and female pins of the power line 31 is the same as that of the power line 30, and the structure of the male and female pins of the control lines 33, 34, 36, 37 is the pin of the control line 35. It is similar to the structure.

The female pin 32q and the male pin 32p of the control line 32 for detecting the connection state of the connectors 18 and 26 are
Other female pins 30q, 35q, ... And male pins 30p, 35
Compared with p, ..., the protruding length toward the tip of the connector is shorter. As a result, the connection between the connectors 26 and 18 is loosened, and when the charger side connector 26 is disengaged from the electric vehicle side connector 18, the male pin 32p and the female pin 32q of the control line 32 are disengaged first, and the control line 3
The control current flowing through 2 is cut off. However, at that time, the male and female pins of the other power lines 30 and 31 and the control lines 33 to 37 are still in the engaged state, and
A charging current and various control currents flow through 31 and the control lines 33 to 37. When the slack of both connectors 18 and 26 becomes larger, the power lines 30 and 31 and the control lines 33 to 3
7 is disengaged, the charging current and control current that were flowing are cut off, and a large spark is generated. Therefore, in this embodiment, the control current flowing through the control line 32 is detected, and when the control current is interrupted, it is determined that the connectors 18 and 26 are loosened, and the charging current flowing through the power lines 30 and 31 is immediately interrupted. Then, the charging current can be interrupted before the connectors 18 and 26 are detached, and no spark is generated when the connectors 18 and 26 are disconnected.

The interlock relay coil 16c of the electric vehicle 10 is supplied with power from the auxiliary battery 15 and is charged by the charger 20 via the connectors 18, 26 and the control line 32.
Connected to ground on the side. Therefore, in the state where the charger side connector 26 is completely connected to the electric vehicle side connector 18, the auxiliary battery 15 is connected to the coil 1
An exciting current flows through 6c, the interlock relay 16 is turned on, the normally open contact 16a is closed, and the normally closed contact 16b is opened. As a result, a control signal indicating that the charger side connector 26 and the electric vehicle side connector 18 are in a completely connected state is transmitted to the battery controller 14.
And the excitation circuit of the switch coil 12c is opened. That is, during charging, the switch 12 connected between the battery 11 and the traveling motor 13 is opened, and the power supply from the battery 11 to the traveling motor 13 is cut off.

FIG. 7 shows a battery controller 14 of the electric vehicle 10 and a charger controller 2 of the charger 20.
4 shows the exchange of information regarding the constant current charging mode with respect to FIG. In the constant current charging mode, as shown in FIG. 8, the terminal voltage of the battery rises as the charging time elapses. As described above, when the terminal voltage exceeds a predetermined value, the battery becomes hot and various problems occur. Therefore, it is necessary to set a terminal voltage target value at the time of charging according to the type of battery and stop charging when the terminal voltage reaches this target value. Current command value I in constant current charging mode
The voltage target value V and the voltage target value V depend on the type of the battery 11 mounted on the electric vehicle 10.
4 is stored in advance in an EEPROM (not shown). When the constant current charging mode is selected, the EEPROM is charged before charging.
The current command value I and the voltage target value V are read from the battery, and are transmitted to the charger controller 24 via the control lines 35 and 36 together with the remaining battery amount. On the other hand, from the charger controller 24, the charging voltage v and the current i detected by the sensor 23 are transmitted to the battery controller 14 via the control lines 35 and 36.

FIG. 9 shows the battery controller 14 of the electric vehicle 10 and the charger controller 2 of the charger 20.
4 shows the exchange of information regarding the constant voltage charging mode with the mobile terminal 4. In the constant voltage charging mode, as shown in FIG. 10, a large charging current flows immediately after the start of charging, and the charging current decreases as the charging time elapses. Therefore, it is necessary to set a current target value according to the type of battery and control so that the charging current is equal to or less than this target value. The voltage command value V and the current target value I in the constant voltage charging mode are stored in advance in the EEPROM of the battery controller 14 according to the type of the battery 11 mounted on the electric vehicle 10. When the constant voltage charging mode is selected, the voltage command value V and the current target value I are read from the EEPROM prior to charging, and the control line 35, together with the remaining battery level,
It is transmitted to the charger controller 24 via 36.
On the other hand, from the charger controller 24, the electric vehicle 1
The voltage setting value set according to the voltage command value V from 0 and the current i detected by the sensor 23 are the control lines 35, 36.
Is transmitted to the battery controller 14 via the.

The voltage and current command values and target values according to the type of battery may be set by a dip switch or a jumper switch.
A ROM may be installed in the battery itself to store information.

11 and 12 show the charger controller 2
4 is a flowchart showing a control program executed in No. 4. The operation of the charger 20 will be described with reference to this flowchart. The microcomputer of the charger controller 24 starts executing this control program when a main switch (not shown) of the charger 20 is turned on. First, in step S1, a charging start signal is output to the battery controller 14 of the electric vehicle 10 via the control line 32. In the following step S2, it is determined whether or not the charging preparation completion information and the remaining amount information of the battery 11 are received from the electric vehicle 10 via the control lines 35 and 36, and if they are received, the process proceeds to step S3, and the information must be received. Step S
Go to 4. In step S4, if the charging preparation completion information of the electric vehicle 10 and the remaining amount information of the battery 11 cannot be received even after waiting a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S23 of FIG. 12, and after performing communication abnormality processing such as an alarm, step S24. If the switch 22 is turned on, the coil 22c is released and the switch 22 is opened. Further, in step S20, a charge stop signal is output to the electric vehicle 10 via the control line 33.

When the charging ready information of the electric vehicle 10 and the remaining amount information of the battery 11 can be received, step S
At 3, the charger performance, that is, information on the allowable output voltage and the allowable output current of the charger 20 is transmitted to the electric vehicle 10 via the control lines 35 and 36. In the following step S5, it is determined whether or not the charging permission signal is sent from the electric vehicle 10 via the control line 34, and if the charging permission signal is input, the process proceeds to step S6, and if not, the process proceeds to step S7. In step S7, if the charging permission signal is not input even after waiting for a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S23 of FIG. 12, and the communication abnormality process is performed as described above.

When the charging permission signal is input, the preparation completion information of the charger 20 is sent to the control line 35 in step S6.
It transmits to the electric vehicle 10 via 36. In a succeeding step S8, it is determined whether or not the charge command information and the battery remaining amount information are received from the electric vehicle 10 via the control lines 35 and 36. The charge command information includes a charge mode command of a constant voltage charge mode or a constant current charge mode, a voltage command value V and a current target value I in the constant voltage charge mode, a current command value I in the constant current charge mode, and The voltage target value V and the like are included. If the charge command information and the battery remaining amount information are received, the process proceeds to step S9, and if not, the step S9.
Go to 10. In step S10, if the charging command information and the battery remaining amount information cannot be received even after waiting for a predetermined time, FIG.
2 proceeds to step S23, and the communication abnormality process is performed as described above.

When the charge command information and the battery remaining amount information are received, the charge initial condition is set in step S9.
That is, the charging voltage and the charging current are set in the high-voltage power supply 21 based on the charging mode command, the voltage or current command value, the voltage or current target value, and the battery remaining amount sent from the electric vehicle 10. Next, in step S15 of FIG. 12, the switch coil 22c is excited to switch the switch 2
2, the high voltage power supply 21 is controlled and charging is started. In step S16, the set value of the voltage or current according to the charging mode and the charging voltage and current detected by the sensor 23 are transmitted to the electric vehicle 10 via the control lines 35 and 36.

In step S17, it is determined whether or not an abnormality such as an electric leakage in the charger 20, a failure of the high-voltage power supply 21, overheating, or a power failure occurs. If there is an abnormality, the process proceeds to step S18, and if not, step S21. Go to. If there is something wrong with the charger 20, in step S18, the high voltage power supply 21
Then, the switch coil 22c is released, the switch 22 is opened, and charging is stopped. Then, the process proceeds to step S19 and the charging end information is sent to the control lines 35, 3
After transmission to the electric vehicle 10 via 6, step S2
When the charging stop signal is 0, the electric vehicle 10 is transmitted through the control line 33.
Output to.

When the charger 20 is operating normally,
In step S21, it is determined whether or not the charging prohibition signal is input from the electric vehicle 10 via the control line 34. If the charging prohibition signal is input, the process proceeds to step S18, and if not, the process proceeds to step S22. When the charge prohibition signal is sent from the electric vehicle 10, it means that some abnormality has occurred in the electric vehicle 10. Therefore, the above-described charge stop processing after step S18 is performed. If there is no abnormality in the electric vehicle 10, the process proceeds to step S22, and it is determined whether or not the charging end information is received from the electric vehicle 10 via the control lines 35 and 36. When the charging end information is sent from the electric vehicle 10, it is determined that the charging of the battery 11 is completed, the process proceeds to step S18, and the charging stop process is performed as described above. If the charging end information has not been received, step S
Returning to 16, the above process is repeated.

13 and 14 are flowcharts showing a control program executed by the battery controller 14. According to this flowchart, the electric vehicle 10
The operation of will be described. When the electric vehicle 10 is in the charging permission state and all the driving systems are stopped by the driving controller 17, the charger side connector 26
Is connected to the electric vehicle side connector 18, the interlock relay 16 is turned on and the normally open contact 16a is closed, and the microcomputer of the battery controller 14 starts executing this control program. Here, the charging permission state means that the main switch is set to the OFF position, the parking brake is in the braking state,
Further, it means a state in which the select lever is set to the P or N position. At this time, the normally-closed contact 16b of the interlock relay 16 is opened at the same time, so that the excitation circuit of the switch coil 12c is forcibly cut off, and the drive signal of the switch coil 12c is output from the traveling controller 17 by any chance. Even if it is done, the switch 12 is not turned on. As a result, when the charger-side connector 26 is connected to the electric vehicle-side connector 18, the power supply from the battery 11 to the motor 13 is cut off, so that the electric vehicle 10 accidentally starts during charging. Is prevented.

In step S31, it is determined whether or not a charging start signal is sent from the charger 20 via the control line 33. If the charging start signal is input, the process proceeds to step S32, and if not, the process proceeds to step S33. Step S
In 33, if the charging start signal is not sent even after waiting for a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S49 of FIG. 14, and after performing communication abnormality processing such as an alarm, proceeds to step S50. In step S50, the charging end information is transmitted to the charger 20 via the control lines 35 and 36, and in the subsequent step S51, the control line 34
A charge prohibition signal is output to the charger 20 via the. Further, in step S52, the process waits until a charge stop signal is received from the charger 20 via the control line 33, and when the charge stop signal is received, the execution of the program ends.

When the charging start signal is input from the charger 20, the charging system on the electric vehicle side is started in step S32, and in the following step S34, the electric vehicle preparation completion information is sent to the charger 20 via the control lines 35 and 36. And send the battery level information. In step S35, the control line 35,
It is determined whether or not the information on the charger performance, that is, the allowable output voltage and the allowable output current of the charger 20 is received from the charger 20 via 36, and if such information is received, the process proceeds to step S36 to receive the information. If not, the process proceeds to step S37. In step S37, if the charger performance information cannot be received even after waiting for a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S49 of FIG.

When the charger performance information is received, a charge permission signal is output to the charger 20 via the control line 34 in step S36, and the charger 20 is charged via the control lines 35 and 36 in step S38. It is determined whether or not the ready information is received. If the charging preparation completion information of the charger 20 is received, the process proceeds to step S39, and if it is not received, the process proceeds to step S40. In step S40, if the charging preparation completion information cannot be received even after waiting a predetermined time, the process proceeds to step S49 in FIG. 14 and the above-described communication abnormality processing is performed.

When the preparation completion information of the charger 20 is received, in step S39, the voltage command value V and the current target value I in the constant voltage charging mode corresponding to the battery type from the EEPROM and the constant current charging mode are received. Of the current command value I and the target voltage value V of the battery, the charge command value is determined based on these information and the previously received charger performance information, and the charger 20 is connected via the control lines 35 and 36. The determined charge command information and the remaining battery amount information are transmitted to. Next, in step S41, it is determined whether or not the electric vehicle 10 has an abnormality such as a leak, a battery failure, or a charging circuit failure. If an abnormality occurs, the process proceeds to step S53 in FIG. Proceed to S45. If the electric vehicle 10 has some abnormality, the vehicle abnormality information is transmitted to the charger 20 via the control lines 35 and 36 in step S53. Then, the process proceeds to step S51,
As described above, the charging prohibition signal is output to the charger 20.

If there is no abnormality in the electric vehicle 10, the process proceeds to step S45, and it is determined whether or not the voltage or current set value and the voltage or current monitor value have been received from the charger 20 via the control lines 35 and 36. Then, if received, step S
If not, the process proceeds to step S47.
In step S47, if the set value and monitor value information cannot be received even after waiting for a predetermined time, the above-described step S49.
The subsequent communication abnormality processing is performed. When the information is received, the process proceeds to step S46, and it is determined whether or not the charging is completed based on the voltage and the remaining amount of the battery 11, and when the charging is completed, the process proceeds to step S50, and if not completed, the step S4.
Go to 8. When the charging is completed, the charging end information is transmitted to the charger 20 and the charging prohibition signal is output as described above. If charging is not completed, step S4
At 8, it is determined whether or not a charging end signal is received from the charger 20 via the control lines 35 and 36, and if received, step S
If not, the process returns to step S45 to repeat the above process.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart showing a connector loosening processing routine. As mentioned above, the microcomputer of the battery controller 14 is
The connector 26 on the charger side is the connector 18 on the electric vehicle side
When the interlock relay contact 16a is closed by being connected to, the execution of the control program shown in FIGS. During execution of this control program, the connector is loosened for some reason and the interlock relay 16
Is turned off and the normally open contact 16a is opened, an interruption occurs in the microcomputer, and the microcomputer executes the connector loosening processing routine shown in FIG. In step S61, a charge prohibition signal is output to the charger 20 via the control line 34, and in step S62, the charger 2 is output.
It waits until the charge stop signal is input from 0. Charger 2
When a charge stop signal is input from 0, all processing is ended.

As described above, the charging condition of the battery 11 at the time of charging, that is, the voltage command value V and the current target value I in the constant voltage charging mode, and the current command value I and the voltage target value V in the constant voltage charging mode are set. Since the electric vehicle 10 transmits to the charger 20 via the communication control lines 35 and 36, the charging voltage and the current are controlled according to the charging condition transmitted by the charger 20 to charge the battery 11. Optimum charging conditions are automatically set according to the type of battery, and troublesome setting of charging voltage and current is eliminated, improving operability.

In the configuration of the above embodiment, the charger 20
Is a charger, the high-voltage power source 21 is a power source, the electric vehicle 20 is an electric vehicle, the battery 11 is a battery, the battery controller 14 is a storage means and a transmission means,
The charger controller 24 constitutes a reception means and a control means, respectively.

[0031]

As described above, according to the present invention, the charging condition of the battery is transmitted from the electric vehicle to the charger during charging, and the charger controls the output voltage and output current of the power source according to the charging condition. Since the battery is then charged, the optimum charging condition is automatically set according to the type of battery, and the troublesome setting of charging voltage and current is not required, and the operability is improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a complaint correspondence diagram.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a connector on the charger side.

FIG. 4 is a front view of the electric vehicle side connector.

5 is an XX cross-sectional view of the charger-side connector shown in FIG.

6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY of the electric vehicle-side connector shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing exchange of information regarding a constant current charging mode between a battery controller of an electric vehicle and a charger controller of a charger.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a time change of a terminal voltage in a constant current charging mode.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing exchange of information regarding a constant voltage charging mode between a battery controller of an electric vehicle and a charger controller of a charger.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a time change of a charging current in a constant voltage charging mode.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a charger control program.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a charger control program following FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing a charge control program for an electric vehicle.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a charge control program for an electric vehicle, following FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a connector loosening processing routine.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a conventional charging device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Electric Vehicle 11 Battery 12 Switch 12c Coil 13 Motor 14 Battery Controller 15 Auxiliary Battery 16 Interlock Relay 16c Coil 16a Normally Open Contact 16b Normally Closed Contact 17 Running Controller 18 Connector 20 Charger 21 High Voltage Power Supply 22 Switch 22c Coil 23 Sensor 24 Charger controller 25 Cable 26 Connector 30, 31 Power line 32-37 Control line 30p, 32p, 35p Male pin 30q, 32q, 35q Female pin 100 Charger 101 Power supply 102 Electric vehicle 103 Battery 104 Storage means 105 Transmission means 106 Reception Means 107 Control Means

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location H04Q 9/00 301 B 7170-5K

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A charging device of an electric vehicle for charging a battery mounted on an electric vehicle by a power source of a charger, comprising: a storage unit that stores the charging condition of the battery; and a charging condition stored in the storage unit. The electric vehicle includes transmission means for transmitting to the charger; receiving means for receiving the charging condition transmitted from the transmitting means, and output voltage and output current of the power source according to the charging condition received by the receiving means. A charging device for an electric vehicle, characterized in that the charger is provided with a control means for controlling.