JPH06294564A - Ice thickness measuring apparatus for ice heat storage apparatus - Google Patents
Ice thickness measuring apparatus for ice heat storage apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06294564A JPH06294564A JP17652892A JP17652892A JPH06294564A JP H06294564 A JPH06294564 A JP H06294564A JP 17652892 A JP17652892 A JP 17652892A JP 17652892 A JP17652892 A JP 17652892A JP H06294564 A JPH06294564 A JP H06294564A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- transfer tube
- heat transfer
- heat storage
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、蓄熱槽内に設置した
伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定する氷蓄熱装置の氷厚
計測装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ice thickness measuring device of an ice heat storage device for measuring the thickness of ice formed on the surface of a heat transfer tube installed in a heat storage tank.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電力需要の増大に伴って昼夜における電
力負荷の格差はますます拡大する傾向にある。この電力
負荷の平準化、およびスペースの有効利用対策として氷
蓄熱装置が採用されている。2. Description of the Related Art As the demand for electric power increases, the difference in electric power load between day and night tends to increase. An ice heat storage device is adopted as a measure for leveling the electric power load and effectively using the space.
【０００３】この氷蓄熱装置は、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設
置して槽内に製氷用水を貯留してなり、電力料金が夜間
割引とされる時間帯に伝熱管に冷媒を通して伝熱管周り
に製氷して冷熱蓄熱し、昼間に解氷して冷熱を取り出し
て冷房などに利用するものである。In this ice heat storage device, a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank to store ice making water in the tank, and a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to a periphery of the heat transfer tube during a time period when the electricity charge is discounted at night. It is used to make ice, store cold heat, and then thaw the ice during the day to extract the cold and use it for cooling.
【０００４】図６は氷蓄熱装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ice heat storage device.
【０００５】図において、１は蓄熱槽、２は蓄熱槽１内
に配装した伝熱管で、この伝熱管２は蓄熱槽１内に貯留
される製氷用水３中に浸漬して蛇行する構成とされ、通
常、一つの蓄熱槽１に対して並列的に複数の伝熱管ブロ
ック２ａ〜２ｄを構成し、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜２ｄ
ごとに伝熱管２に対して蓄熱槽１外に設置した冷媒供給
経路４を介して冷媒を供給循環させて伝熱管２周りに製
氷する。そして、解氷には、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜２
ｄ間に冷却水を直列的に流動させ、熱交換器５を介して
冷熱を取り出し、この冷熱を負荷６に供給する。In the figure, 1 is a heat storage tank, 2 is a heat transfer tube arranged in the heat storage tank 1, and the heat transfer tube 2 is soaked in the ice making water 3 stored in the heat storage tank 1 to meander. In general, a plurality of heat transfer tube blocks 2a to 2d are arranged in parallel with respect to one heat storage tank 1, and each heat transfer tube block 2a to 2d is formed.
Each time, the refrigerant is supplied and circulated to the heat transfer tube 2 through the refrigerant supply path 4 installed outside the heat storage tank 1 to make ice around the heat transfer tube 2. Then, for defrosting, each heat transfer tube block 2a-2
Cooling water is made to flow in series between d, cold heat is taken out via the heat exchanger 5, and this cold heat is supplied to the load 6.
【０００６】ところで、上記する蓄熱槽１の各伝熱管ブ
ロック２ａ〜２ｄにおいて、当日の負荷状況により解氷
を充分実施しない場合、上流側ブロックと下流側ブロッ
クの伝熱管面の氷は、上流側では薄く、下流側では厚く
残存するようなことが起こる。By the way, in each of the heat transfer tube blocks 2a to 2d of the heat storage tank 1 described above, when the ice is not sufficiently thawed due to the load condition on the day, the ice on the heat transfer tube surface of the upstream block and the downstream block is the upstream side. Then, it is thin and remains thick on the downstream side.
【０００７】このような状況下で製氷を実施すると、上
流側ブロックと下流側ブロックで製氷量、すなわち、冷
熱蓄熱量に不均衡が生じ、必要な定格の冷熱蓄熱ができ
なくなる。時には下流側ブロックでブリッジング、つま
り、近接する伝熱管間において伝熱管周りの氷が橋渡し
的に結合する現象を生じてこれがさまざまな障害の原因
にもなる。When ice making is performed under such a circumstance, the amount of ice making, that is, the amount of cold heat storage is imbalanced between the upstream block and the downstream block, and the required rated cold heat storage cannot be performed. Sometimes, the downstream block causes bridging, that is, a phenomenon in which the ice around the heat transfer tubes is connected in a bridging manner between adjacent heat transfer tubes, which causes various obstacles.
【０００８】これを防止するために制御装置７が設けら
れる。図示例の制御装置７は、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜
２ｄごとに氷厚計測装置８を設けて伝熱管２面の氷厚を
計測し、この氷厚が定められた限界氷厚（設定氷厚）に
なれば、制御弁９を操作して該当ブロックへの冷媒の供
給を停止するような制御を行うものである。A control device 7 is provided to prevent this. The control device 7 in the illustrated example includes the heat transfer tube blocks 2a to
An ice thickness measuring device 8 is provided for each 2d to measure the ice thickness on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2. When this ice thickness reaches a predetermined limit ice thickness (set ice thickness), the control valve 9 is operated to operate the corresponding block. The control is performed to stop the supply of the refrigerant to the.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、エネルギー
の有効利用の向上、冷熱の安定供給、都市景観の向上な
どの目的のために設置される地域冷暖房プラントの氷蓄
熱装置にあっては、蓄熱槽全体の冷熱蓄熱量を把握する
必要がある。By the way, in an ice heat storage device for a district heating and cooling plant installed for the purpose of improving effective use of energy, stable supply of cold heat, improvement of cityscape, etc. It is necessary to understand the total cold heat storage amount.
【００１０】そこで、従来より、蓄熱槽の冷熱蓄熱量、
即ち、蓄熱槽内における氷量の測定には、上記するよう
に、伝熱管面に生成される氷厚から氷量を測定する方
法、蓄熱槽内に入った冷熱量から氷量を推定する方法、
また、蓄熱槽内における製氷用水の水位増加から氷量を
換算する方法、などが提案されている。Therefore, conventionally, the cold heat storage amount of the heat storage tank,
That is, as described above, in the measurement of the amount of ice in the heat storage tank, a method of measuring the amount of ice from the thickness of ice generated on the heat transfer tube surface, a method of estimating the amount of ice from the amount of cold heat entering the heat storage tank ,
Moreover, a method of converting the amount of ice from the increase in the water level of the ice making water in the heat storage tank has been proposed.
【００１１】しかし、上記する従来の蓄熱槽における氷
量の測定方法では、必ずしも満足できるような装置はな
く、実用上の改善が要求されている。However, the above-mentioned conventional method for measuring the amount of ice in a heat storage tank does not always have a satisfactory apparatus, and practical improvement is required.
【００１２】さて、蓄熱槽における氷量を把握するの
に、伝熱管面に生成される氷厚から氷量を測定する方法
は、最もポピュラーなもので、従来より、この種の氷厚
測定装置としては、電極棒や可動式のバーを伝熱管に当
ててその変位を読み取るものが知られている。この従来
の氷厚測定装置には、次のような課題がある。In order to grasp the amount of ice in the heat storage tank, the method of measuring the amount of ice from the thickness of ice produced on the heat transfer tube surface is the most popular method, and conventionally, this type of ice thickness measuring device has been used. As such, there is known one in which an electrode rod or a movable bar is applied to a heat transfer tube and its displacement is read. This conventional ice thickness measuring device has the following problems.
【００１３】(ａ) 電極棒を用いる方法では電極端子
の長さから氷厚の限界量を検知する方法であるため、連
続的には計測ができず、また、信頼性に欠ける。(A) Since the method using the electrode rod is a method of detecting the limit amount of ice thickness from the length of the electrode terminal, continuous measurement cannot be performed and reliability is poor.
【００１４】(ｂ) 可動式のバーを用いる機械式のも
のは連続的計測が可能で正確さの面でも優れているが、
水中設備のために構造的に複雑で高価であり、故障も起
き易い。(B) The mechanical type using a movable bar is capable of continuous measurement and is excellent in accuracy,
Due to the underwater equipment, it is structurally complicated and expensive, and failure is likely to occur.
【００１５】（先行技術としては、例えば、特開昭６３
−１９５５５１号公報がある。）この発明は、上述の点
に鑑みなされたものであって、氷蓄熱装置のより高効率
な運転を行うことを目的とし、また、ブリッジリングな
どによる障害を防止するために、伝熱管面に生成される
氷厚を高精度に、かつ、連続的に計測することを可能に
した氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置を提供することを目的と
する。(As the prior art, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-63
There is a publication of 195551. ) The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to operate the ice heat storage device with higher efficiency. Further, in order to prevent a failure due to a bridge ring or the like, a heat transfer pipe surface is provided. An object of the present invention is to provide an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, which makes it possible to measure the generated ice thickness continuously with high accuracy.
【００１６】[0016]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めのこの発明の第１の発明の要旨とするところは、蓄熱
槽内に伝熱管を設置し、該伝熱管に冷媒を通して伝熱管
周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱源とする氷蓄熱装置
において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材を立設し、該支持部
材に、電熱管面からの距離を変えて複数個の検温素子を
配設し、各検温素子から出力される検温信号から伝熱管
面に生成される氷厚を測定することを特徴とする氷蓄熱
装置の氷厚計測装置にあり、第２の発明の要旨とすると
ころは、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設置し、該伝熱管に冷媒を
通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱源とす
る氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材を立設
し、該支持部材に、管面からの距離を変えて複数個の電
極を等間隔に配設し、隣接各電極間における電圧降下か
ら伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定することを特徴とす
る氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置にあり、第３の発明の要旨
とするところは、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設置し、該伝熱管
に冷媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷
熱源とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に一対の
計測電極を対向的に立設して計測電極対を設けるととも
に、該蓄熱槽中で製氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で水
没させて一対の補償電極を対向的に立設して補償電極対
を設け、計測電極対および補償電極対の全電極を接続し
て計測電極対における電圧降下から伝熱管面に生成され
る氷厚を測定することを特徴とする氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計
測装置にある。To achieve the above object, the gist of the first invention of the present invention is that a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank, and a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to surround the heat transfer tube. In an ice heat storage device that makes ice and then uses it as a cold heat source, a support member is erected on the heat transfer tube surface, and a plurality of temperature detecting elements are provided on the support member while changing the distance from the electric heat tube surface. And an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, wherein the ice thickness produced on the heat transfer tube surface is measured from a temperature detection signal output from each temperature detecting element. Where the heat transfer tube is installed in the heat storage tank, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and the ice heat storage device is used as a cold heat source by defrosting the heat transfer tube, and a support member is provided on the heat transfer tube surface. Stand upright and arrange a plurality of electrodes on the support member at equal intervals by changing the distance from the tube surface. And an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, characterized by measuring an ice thickness generated on a heat transfer tube surface from a voltage drop between adjacent electrodes. The gist of the third invention is a heat storage tank. In a heat storage device in which a heat transfer tube is installed, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and the ice is thawed to serve as a cold heat source, a pair of measurement electrodes are erected opposite to each other on the heat transfer tube surface. A pair of compensating electrodes are installed by arranging a pair of compensating electrodes facing each other by submerging them in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed in the heat storage tank. An ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, characterized in that all the electrodes of a compensating electrode pair are connected to measure the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface from the voltage drop at the measuring electrode pair.
【００１７】[0017]
【作用】伝熱管面に設置されて、伝熱管面に生成される
氷と製氷用水の境界を正確に検出し、伝熱管周りの製氷
厚が高精度で連続して測定できる。The function is installed on the surface of the heat transfer tube to accurately detect the boundary between the ice generated on the surface of the heat transfer tube and the water for ice making, and the thickness of ice making around the heat transfer tube can be continuously measured with high accuracy.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】以下、この発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説
明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１９】この発明は上述の図６に示す氷蓄熱装置に
適用される。The present invention is applied to the ice heat storage device shown in FIG.
【００２０】以下の説明において、図６と対等もしくは
同一部分については同一符号を付けて説明する。In the following description, the same or similar parts as those in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals.
【００２１】第１の発明 図１はこの発明の第１の発明の実施例を示す要部の側面
図である。First Invention FIG. 1 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the first invention of the present invention.
【００２２】第１の発明では、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０を立設し、該支持部材１０に、伝熱管２面からの距離
を変えて複数個の検温素子１１ａ〜１１ｆを配設してな
る。In the first invention, the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
0 is erected, and a plurality of temperature detecting elements 11a to 11f are arranged on the supporting member 10 at different distances from the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００２３】この場合、最も伝熱管２面に近い検温素子
１１ａの位置は、伝熱管２面に接触または非接触を問わ
ない。In this case, the position of the temperature detecting element 11a closest to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 may be contact or non-contact with the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００２４】上記構成において、検温素子１１ａ含む複
数個の検温素子が伝熱管２面に生成される氷中に埋まっ
てそれぞれが氷中検温信号を出力する。また、残りの検
温素子は製氷用水中にあってそれぞれに製氷用水中検温
信号を出力する。これらの各検温素子１１ａ〜１１ｆか
ら出力される検温信号は、増幅器１２およびＡ／Ｄ変換
器１３を経由してコンピュータ１４に入力されて所定の
演算式に基づいて処理され、生成氷厚が算出される。In the above structure, a plurality of temperature measuring elements including the temperature measuring element 11a are buried in ice generated on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 and each outputs an ice temperature measuring signal. The remaining temperature measuring elements are in the ice making water and output the ice making water temperature detecting signal to each of them. The temperature detection signals output from each of the temperature detection elements 11a to 11f are input to the computer 14 via the amplifier 12 and the A / D converter 13 and processed based on a predetermined arithmetic expression to calculate the generated ice thickness. To be done.
【００２５】図２は生成氷厚を算出するための説明図で
ある。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for calculating the produced ice thickness.
【００２６】図において、氷中の二点、すなわち、伝熱
管２中心から半径ｒ1 ，ｒ2 （伝熱管外壁を含む）点の
温度をＴ1 ，Ｔ2 、生成氷厚をｒice 、生成氷と製氷用
水の境界温度をＴice とすると、In the figure, the temperatures at two points in the ice, that is, points at radii r 1 and r 2 (including the outer wall of the heat transfer tube) from the center of the heat transfer tube 2 are T 1 and T 2 , and the produced ice thickness is r ice . If the boundary temperature of ice and ice making water is T ice ,
【００２７】[0027]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００２８】上記（１−２）式において、Ｔice ＝０℃
であるから、ｒ1 ，ｒ2 点における温度Ｔ1 ，Ｔ2 を計
測すると生成氷厚ｒice が求められる。In the above formula (1-2), T ice = 0 ° C.
Since it is, r 1, the temperature at r 2 points T 1, and measuring the T 2 generation ice thickness r ice is obtained.
【００２９】第２の発明 図３はこの発明の第２の発明の実施例を示す要部の概略
図である。Second Invention FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the essential portions showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention.
【００３０】第２の発明では、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０を立設し、該支持部材１０に、伝熱管２面からの距離
を変えて複数個の計測電極１５ａ〜１５ｇを規則的（等
間隔）に配設してなる。In the second invention, the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
0 is erected, and a plurality of measurement electrodes 15a to 15g are regularly (equally spaced) arranged on the support member 10 at different distances from the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００３１】この場合、最も伝熱管２面に近い計測電極
１５ａの位置は、伝熱管２面から離して近接させ、最も
離れた計測電極１５ｇの位置は、設定氷厚より高い位置
にあって常に製氷用水中にあるようにする。In this case, the position of the measurement electrode 15a closest to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 is located close to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 and the position of the measurement electrode 15g farthest away is always higher than the set ice thickness. Be in ice water.
【００３２】上記構成において、氷の電気伝導度は水の
それに比して著しく小さいため、隣接する計測電極間に
電圧を印加すると、氷中に埋まる計測電極間の電圧降下
は製氷用水中にある計測電極間のそれよりも著しく大き
くなる。In the above structure, since the electric conductivity of ice is significantly smaller than that of water, when a voltage is applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes, the voltage drop between the measuring electrodes buried in the ice is in the ice making water. It is significantly larger than that between the measuring electrodes.
【００３３】従って、隣接する計測電極間に順次に電圧
を印加して隣接する計測電極間における電圧降下をそれ
ぞれに計測してコンピュータに入力して基準電圧と比較
演算すると、氷中に埋まる計測電極数から生成氷厚が算
出される。Therefore, when a voltage is sequentially applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes to measure the voltage drop between the adjacent measuring electrodes and input to the computer for comparison calculation with the reference voltage, the measuring electrodes buried in the ice are measured. The produced ice thickness is calculated from the number.
【００３４】すなわち、高周波電源１６から隣接する各
計測電極間に順次に電圧を印加して隣接する計測電極間
におけるそれぞれの電圧降下（電圧出力）を、分配器１
７を経由して演算増幅器１８に入力し、この増幅器１８
からの出力を、隣接各計測電極のうち、氷中に埋まった
計測電極を含む回路の出力電圧を基準電圧より低くした
比較器１９に入力すると、この比較器１９では、隣接各
電極のうち、製氷用水中にある電極を含む回路からのみ
パルスが検出されるので、これを計数器２０に入力して
生成氷厚を表示器２１に表示させる。That is, a voltage is sequentially applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes from the high frequency power source 16, and the respective voltage drops (voltage outputs) between the adjacent measuring electrodes are distributed.
Input to the operational amplifier 18 via 7, and the amplifier 18
When the output from is input to the comparator 19 in which the output voltage of the circuit including the measurement electrode buried in ice among the adjacent measurement electrodes is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator 19 outputs Since the pulse is detected only from the circuit including the electrode in the ice making water, the pulse is input to the counter 20 and the generated ice thickness is displayed on the display 21.
【００３５】なお、計測電極に印加する電圧としては交
流を用いるが、周波数が低いと電極上で電極反応が進行
し、電極上に電気抵抗が生じ、また、周波数が高いと静
電容量による電気抵抗が発生し、いずれも回路に外乱が
生じるため、計測電極上に生ずる電極反応に基づく分極
作用と静電容量の発生に伴う外乱を除去するには、周波
数は１〜１０KHz 程度の交流を用いるのが好ましい。An alternating current is used as the voltage applied to the measuring electrode, but if the frequency is low, the electrode reaction proceeds on the electrode to generate an electric resistance on the electrode, and if the frequency is high, the electricity due to the capacitance is generated. Since resistance is generated and disturbance occurs in the circuit in both cases, in order to eliminate the disturbance caused by the polarization effect and the generation of electrostatic capacitance caused by the electrode reaction on the measurement electrode, an alternating current with a frequency of 1 to 10 KHz is used. Is preferred.
【００３６】また、上記実施例では隣接する計測電極間
における電圧降下を求めたが、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０に対向してこの支持部材１０と略同一高さの共通電極
１５ｏを立設し、この共通電極１５ｏと各計測電極１５
ａ〜１５ｇとの間で順次に電圧を印加して共通電極１５
ｏと各計測電極１５ａ〜１５ｇ間における電圧降下を求
めるようにしてもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, the voltage drop between the adjacent measurement electrodes was obtained, but the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
A common electrode 15o having substantially the same height as the supporting member 10 is erected so as to face 0, and the common electrode 15o and each measurement electrode 15 are provided.
a to 15 g, a voltage is sequentially applied to the common electrode 15
The voltage drop between o and each of the measurement electrodes 15a to 15g may be obtained.
【００３７】第３の発明 図４はこの発明の第３の発明の実施例を示す要部の概略
図である。Third Invention FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the essential portions showing an embodiment of the third invention of the present invention.
【００３８】第３の発明では、伝熱管２面に一対の計測
電極２２ａ，２２ｂを対向的に立設して計測電極対２２
を設けるとともに、伝熱管２から離れて該蓄熱槽中で製
氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で水没させて適宜の固定
部材２５面に一対の補償電極２３ａ，２３ｂを対向的に
立設して補償電極対２３を設け、計測電極対２２および
補償電極対２３の全電極２２ａ，２２ｂ，２３ａ，２３
ｂを接続して電極直列回路２４（図５参照）を形成して
なる。In the third invention, the pair of measuring electrodes 22a and 22b are erected on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 so as to face each other, and the measuring electrode pair 22 is provided.
And a pair of compensating electrodes 23a and 23b are erected opposite to each other on the surface of an appropriate fixing member 25 by immersing in water in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed in the heat storage tank away from the heat transfer tube 2. Compensation electrode pair 23 is provided, and all electrodes 22a, 22b, 23a, 23 of measurement electrode pair 22 and compensation electrode pair 23 are provided.
b is connected to form an electrode series circuit 24 (see FIG. 5).
【００３９】上記構成において、計測電極対２２は、伝
熱管２面に生成される氷厚に比例して氷中に埋まる。従
って、氷の電気伝導度は水のそれに比して著しく小さい
ため、電極直列回路２４に電圧を印加すると、氷厚に比
例して計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電圧降下は大きくな
る。すなわち、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂの電極の長さ
（高さ）をＬx 、氷中に埋まっている部分の長さをｘと
すれば、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電圧降下は（Ｌx
−ｘ）に反比例し、この電圧降下を測定することにより
氷厚が測定できる。In the above structure, the measurement electrode pair 22 is embedded in ice in proportion to the thickness of ice produced on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2. Therefore, since the electric conductivity of ice is significantly smaller than that of water, when a voltage is applied to the electrode series circuit 24, the voltage drop between the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b increases in proportion to the ice thickness. That is, if the electrode length (height) of the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b is L x and the length of the portion buried in ice is x , the voltage drop between the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b is (L x
Inversely proportional to -x), the ice thickness can be measured by measuring this voltage drop.
【００４０】一方、水の電気伝導度は水中の電解質濃
度、温度などの変化により影響を受けるため、製氷が完
了しても蓄熱槽中で製氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で
水没して配設した補償電極対２３を使用することにより
これらの影響を補償する。On the other hand, since the electrical conductivity of water is affected by changes in the electrolyte concentration and temperature in water, it is submerged in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed or in the heat storage tank. These influences are compensated by using the compensation electrode pair 23 provided.
【００４１】図５ (ａ) は、生成氷厚を算出する回路例
を説明する説明図である。FIG. 5A is an explanatory view for explaining a circuit example for calculating the generated ice thickness.
【００４２】図において、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の
電気抵抗をＲx 、補償電極２３ａ，２３ｂ間の電気抵抗
をＲw 、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電位差をＶx 、補
償電極２３ａ，２３ｂ間の電位差をＶw 、電極直列回路
２４に印加される電圧をＶ0、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ
の長さ（高さ）をＬx 、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂの氷中
長さ（氷厚に相当する）をｘ、定数をｋx 、ｋw とする
と、In the figure, the electric resistance between the measuring electrodes 22a and 22b is R x , the electric resistance between the compensating electrodes 23a and 23b is R w , the potential difference between the measuring electrodes 22a and 22b is V x , and the compensating electrodes 23a and 23b are between. , V w , the voltage applied to the electrode series circuit 24 is V 0 , and the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b are
Is L x , the length of the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b in ice (corresponding to ice thickness) is x, and the constants are k x and k w .
【００４３】[0043]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００４４】（３−１）式および（３−２）式を（３−
３）式に代入して、Expressions (3-1) and (3-2) are replaced with (3-
Substituting into 3) formula,
【００４５】[0045]
【数３】 [Equation 3]
【００４６】となり、Ｖx ＋Ｖw ＝Ｖ0 （一定）であ
り、定数ｋx 、ｋw の電解質濃度、温度などによる係数
は互いに打ち消され、これらの因子によらない定数Ｋが
式に残るだけであるから、Ｖx またはＶw を計測すれ
ば、一義的に氷厚ｘが求められる。Since V x + V w = V 0 (constant), the coefficients of the constants k x and k w due to the electrolyte concentration, temperature, etc. cancel each other out, and the constant K not depending on these factors remains in the equation. Therefore, if V x or V w is measured, the ice thickness x can be uniquely obtained.
【００４７】図５ (ｂ) は生成氷厚を算出する他の回路
例を説明する説明図である。FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram for explaining another circuit example for calculating the generated ice thickness.
【００４８】図において、上述の図５ (ａ) における計
測電極対２２に直列に固定抵抗２６を接続し、また、補
償電極対２３に直列に固定抵抗を接続する。固定抵抗２
６の抵抗値をＲf1，電位差をＶf1、固定抵抗２７の抵抗
値をＲf2，電位差をＶf2とし、固定抵抗２６，２７を介
して一定の電圧Ｖ0 を計測電極対２２および補償電極対
２３に印加すると、In the figure, a fixed resistor 26 is connected in series to the measurement electrode pair 22 in FIG. 5 (a), and a fixed resistor is connected in series to the compensation electrode pair 23. Fixed resistance 2
The resistance value of 6 is R f1 , the potential difference is V f1 , the resistance value of the fixed resistor 27 is R f2 , the potential difference is V f2, and a constant voltage V 0 is measured via the fixed resistors 26 and 27. When applied to pair 23,
【００４９】[0049]
【数４】 [Equation 4]
【００５０】（３−５）式および（３−６）式より、From equations (3-5) and (3-6),
【００５１】[0051]
【数５】 [Equation 5]
【００５２】となり、Ｖx ＋Ｖf1＝Ｖ0 （一定）、ま
た、Ｖw ＋Ｖf2＝Ｖ0 （一定）であり、定数ｋx 、ｋw
の電解質濃度、温度などによる係数は互いに打ち消さ
れ、これらの因子によらない定数Ｋが式に残るだけであ
るから、Ｖx およびＶw 、または、Ｖf1およびＶf2を計
測すれば、一義的に氷厚ｘが求められる。Then, V x + V f1 = V 0 (constant) and V w + V f2 = V 0 (constant), and constants k x and k w
The coefficients due to the electrolyte concentration, temperature, etc. are canceled out, and the constant K not depending on these factors remains in the equation. Therefore, if V x and V w or V f1 and V f2 are measured, it is unique. The ice thickness x is calculated at.
【００５３】[0053]
【発明の効果】以上、説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、伝熱管面に生成された氷厚を高精度に、かつ、連続
的に計測し、該氷厚に基づいて蓄熱槽内における氷量が
求められるので、冷凍機設備の発停、および伝熱管への
冷媒供給の発停などの制御が適切に行われる。また、製
氷用水中の電解質濃度、温度などの変化による影響を受
けることもなく、連続的に正確に氷量を計測することが
可能となるとともに、費用も少なく故障もないなどの効
果を奏する。As described above, according to the present invention, the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface is continuously measured with high accuracy and in the heat storage tank based on the ice thickness. Since the amount of ice is required, the control such as the start / stop of the refrigerator equipment and the start / stop of the refrigerant supply to the heat transfer tube is appropriately performed. In addition, it is possible to continuously and accurately measure the amount of ice without being affected by changes in the electrolyte concentration and temperature in the ice making water, and at the same time, the cost is low and there is no failure.
【図１】 この発明の第１の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 1 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a first invention of the present invention.
【図２】 生成氷厚を算出するための説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for calculating a generated ice thickness.
【図３】 この発明の第２の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention.
【図４】 この発明の第３の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 4 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the third invention of the present invention.
【図５】 (ａ) ， (ｂ) は生成氷厚を算出する回路例
を説明する説明図である。5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams illustrating an example of a circuit that calculates a generated ice thickness.
【図６】 氷蓄熱装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ice heat storage device.
１…蓄熱槽 ２…伝熱管 １０…支持部材 １１…検温素子 １５…計測電極 ２２…計測電極対 ２３…補償電極対 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Heat storage tank 2 ... Heat transfer tube 10 ... Support member 11 ... Temperature measuring element 15 ... Measurement electrode 22 ... Measurement electrode pair 23 ... Compensation electrode pair
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成５年５月２８日[Submission date] May 28, 1993
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【書類名】 明細書[Document name] Statement
【発明の名称】 氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置[Title of Invention] Ice thickness measuring device for ice heat storage device
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、蓄熱槽内に設置した
伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定する氷蓄熱装置の氷厚
計測装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ice thickness measuring device of an ice heat storage device for measuring the thickness of ice formed on the surface of a heat transfer tube installed in a heat storage tank.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電力需要の増大に伴って昼夜における電
力負荷の格差はますます拡大する傾向にある。この電力
負荷の平準化、およびスペースの有効利用対策として氷
蓄熱装置が採用されている。2. Description of the Related Art As the demand for electric power increases, the difference in electric power load between day and night tends to increase. An ice heat storage device is adopted as a measure for leveling the electric power load and effectively using the space.
【０００３】この氷蓄熱装置は、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設
置して槽内に製氷用水を貯留してなり、電力料金が夜間
割引とされる時間帯に伝熱管に冷媒を通して伝熱管周り
に製氷して冷熱蓄熱し、昼間に解氷して冷熱を取り出し
て冷房などに利用するものである。In this ice heat storage device, a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank to store ice making water in the tank, and a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to a periphery of the heat transfer tube during a time period when the electricity charge is discounted at night. It is used to make ice, store cold heat, and then thaw the ice during the day to extract the cold and use it for cooling.
【０００４】図６は氷蓄熱装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ice heat storage device.
【０００５】図において、１は蓄熱槽、２は蓄熱槽１内
に配装した伝熱管で、この伝熱管２は蓄熱槽１内に貯留
される製氷用水３中に浸漬して蛇行する構成とされ、通
常、一つの蓄熱槽１に対して並列的に複数の伝熱管ブロ
ック２ａ〜２ｄを構成し、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜２ｄ
ごとに伝熱管２に対して蓄熱槽１外に設置した冷媒供給
経路４を介して冷媒を供給循環させて伝熱管２周りに製
氷する。そして、解氷には、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜２
ｄ間に冷却水を直列的に流動させ、熱交換器５を介して
冷熱を取り出し、この冷熱を負荷６に供給する。In the figure, 1 is a heat storage tank, 2 is a heat transfer tube arranged in the heat storage tank 1, and the heat transfer tube 2 is soaked in the ice making water 3 stored in the heat storage tank 1 to meander. In general, a plurality of heat transfer tube blocks 2a to 2d are arranged in parallel with respect to one heat storage tank 1, and each heat transfer tube block 2a to 2d is formed.
Each time, the refrigerant is supplied and circulated to the heat transfer tube 2 through the refrigerant supply path 4 installed outside the heat storage tank 1 to make ice around the heat transfer tube 2. Then, for defrosting, each heat transfer tube block 2a-2
Cooling water is made to flow in series between d, cold heat is taken out via the heat exchanger 5, and this cold heat is supplied to the load 6.
【０００６】ところで、上記する蓄熱槽１の各伝熱管ブ
ロック２ａ〜２ｄにおいて、当日の負荷状況により解氷
を充分実施しない場合、上流側ブロックと下流側ブロッ
クの伝熱管面の氷は、上流側では薄く、下流側では厚く
残存するようなことが起こる。By the way, in each of the heat transfer tube blocks 2a to 2d of the heat storage tank 1 described above, when the ice is not sufficiently thawed due to the load condition on the day, the ice on the heat transfer tube surface of the upstream block and the downstream block is the upstream side. Then, it is thin and remains thick on the downstream side.
【０００７】このような状況下で製氷を実施すると、上
流側ブロックと下流側ブロックで製氷量、すなわち、冷
熱蓄熱量に不均衡が生じ、必要な定格の冷熱蓄熱ができ
なくなる。時には下流側ブロックでブリッジング、つま
り、近接する伝熱管間において伝熱管周りの氷が橋渡し
的に結合する現象を生じてこれがさまざまな障害の原因
にもなる。When ice making is performed under such a circumstance, the amount of ice making, that is, the amount of cold heat storage is imbalanced between the upstream block and the downstream block, and the required rated cold heat storage cannot be performed. Sometimes, the downstream block causes bridging, that is, a phenomenon in which the ice around the heat transfer tubes is connected in a bridging manner between adjacent heat transfer tubes, which causes various obstacles.
【０００８】これを防止するために制御装置７が設けら
れる。図示例の制御装置７は、各伝熱管ブロック２ａ〜
２ｄごとに氷厚計測装置８を設けて伝熱管２面の氷厚を
計測し、この氷厚が定められた限界氷厚（設定氷厚）に
なれば、制御弁９を操作して該当ブロックへの冷媒の供
給を停止するような制御を行うものである。A control device 7 is provided to prevent this. The control device 7 in the illustrated example includes the heat transfer tube blocks 2a to
An ice thickness measuring device 8 is provided for each 2d to measure the ice thickness on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2. When this ice thickness reaches a predetermined limit ice thickness (set ice thickness), the control valve 9 is operated to operate the corresponding block. The control is performed to stop the supply of the refrigerant to the.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、エネルギー
の有効利用の向上、冷熱の安定供給、都市景観の向上な
どの目的のために設置される地域冷暖房プラントの氷蓄
熱装置にあっては、蓄熱槽全体の冷熱蓄熱量を把握する
必要がある。By the way, in an ice heat storage device for a district heating and cooling plant installed for the purpose of improving effective use of energy, stable supply of cold heat, improvement of cityscape, etc. It is necessary to understand the total cold heat storage amount.
【００１０】そこで、従来より、蓄熱槽の冷熱蓄熱量、
即ち、蓄熱槽内における氷量の測定には、上記するよう
に、伝熱管面に生成される氷厚から氷量を測定する方
法、蓄熱槽内に入った冷熱量から氷量を推定する方法、
また、蓄熱槽内における製氷用水の水位増加から氷量を
換算する方法、などが提案されている。Therefore, conventionally, the cold heat storage amount of the heat storage tank,
That is, as described above, in the measurement of the amount of ice in the heat storage tank, a method of measuring the amount of ice from the thickness of ice generated on the heat transfer tube surface, a method of estimating the amount of ice from the amount of cold heat entering the heat storage tank ,
Moreover, a method of converting the amount of ice from the increase in the water level of the ice making water in the heat storage tank has been proposed.
【００１１】しかし、上記する従来の蓄熱槽における氷
量の測定方法では、必ずしも満足できるような装置はな
く、実用上の改善が要求されている。However, the above-mentioned conventional method for measuring the amount of ice in a heat storage tank does not always have a satisfactory apparatus, and practical improvement is required.
【００１２】さて、蓄熱槽における氷量を把握するの
に、伝熱管面に生成される氷厚から氷量を測定する方法
は、最もポピュラーなもので、従来より、この種の氷厚
測定装置としては、電極棒や可動式のバーを伝熱管に当
ててその変位を読み取るものが知られている。この従来
の氷厚測定装置には、次のような課題がある。In order to grasp the amount of ice in the heat storage tank, the method of measuring the amount of ice from the thickness of ice produced on the heat transfer tube surface is the most popular method, and conventionally, this type of ice thickness measuring device has been used. As such, there is known one in which an electrode rod or a movable bar is applied to a heat transfer tube and its displacement is read. This conventional ice thickness measuring device has the following problems.
【００１３】(ａ) 電極棒を用いる方法では電極端子
の長さから氷厚の限界量を検知する方法であるため、連
続的には計測ができず、また、信頼性に欠ける。(A) Since the method using the electrode rod is a method of detecting the limit amount of ice thickness from the length of the electrode terminal, continuous measurement cannot be performed and reliability is poor.
【００１４】(ｂ) 可動式のバーを用いる機械式のも
のは連続的計測が可能で正確さの面でも優れているが、
水中設備のために構造的に複雑で高価であり、故障も起
き易い。(B) The mechanical type using a movable bar is capable of continuous measurement and is excellent in accuracy,
Due to the underwater equipment, it is structurally complicated and expensive, and failure is likely to occur.
【００１５】（先行技術としては、例えば、特開昭６３
−１９５５５１号公報がある。）この発明は、上述の点
に鑑みなされたものであって、氷蓄熱装置のより高効率
な運転を行うことを目的とし、また、ブリッジリングな
どによる障害を防止するために、伝熱管面に生成される
氷厚を高精度に、かつ、連続的に計測することを可能に
した氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置を提供することを目的と
する。(As the prior art, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-63
There is a publication of 195551. ) The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to operate the ice heat storage device with higher efficiency. Further, in order to prevent a failure due to a bridge ring or the like, a heat transfer pipe surface is provided. An object of the present invention is to provide an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, which makes it possible to measure the generated ice thickness continuously with high accuracy.
【００１６】[0016]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記の目的を達成するた
めのこの発明の第１の発明の要旨とするところは、蓄熱
槽内に伝熱管を設置し、該伝熱管に冷媒を通して伝熱管
周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱源とする氷蓄熱装置
において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材を立設し、該支持部
材に、伝熱管面からの距離を変えて複数個の検温素子を
配設し、各検温素子から出力される検温信号から前記伝
熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定することを特徴とする氷
蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置にあり、第２の発明の要旨とす
るところは、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設置し、該伝熱管に冷
媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱源
とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材を
立設し、該支持部材に、管面からの距離を変えて複数個
の電極を等間隔に配設し、隣接各電極間における電圧降
下から前記伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定することを
特徴とする氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置にあり、第３の発
明の要旨とするところは、蓄熱槽内に伝熱管を設置し、
該伝熱管に冷媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解
氷して冷熱源とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面
に一対の計測電極を対向的に立設して計測電極対を設け
るとともに、該蓄熱槽中で製氷が完了しても凍結しない
領域で水没させて一対の補償電極を対向的に立設して補
償電極対を設け、計測電極対および補償電極対の全電極
を接続して計測電極対における電圧降下から前記伝熱管
面に生成される氷厚を測定することを特徴とする氷蓄熱
装置の氷厚計測装置にある。To achieve the above object, the gist of the first invention of the present invention is that a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank, and a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to surround the heat transfer tube. In an ice heat storage device that makes ice into the above, and thaws the ice as a cold heat source, a support member is provided upright on the heat transfer tube surface, and a plurality of temperature detecting elements are provided on the support member by changing the distance from the heat transfer tube surface. And an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, wherein the ice thickness produced on the heat transfer tube surface is measured from a temperature detection signal output from each temperature detecting element. In the ice heat storage device in which a heat transfer tube is installed in the heat storage tank, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and this is used as a cold heat source, a support member is provided on the heat transfer tube surface. Standing upright, and changing the distance from the tube surface on the support member to equip a plurality of electrodes at equal intervals. In the ice thickness measuring device of the ice heat storage device, which is provided, and measures the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface from the voltage drop between the adjacent electrodes, the gist of the third invention is , Install a heat transfer tube in the heat storage tank,
In an ice heat storage device in which a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube and the ice is thawed to serve as a cold heat source, a pair of measurement electrodes are provided upright on the surface of the heat transfer tube so as to face each other and a pair of measurement electrodes is provided. At the same time, the compensating electrode pair is installed by submerging the compensating electrode so that it is submerged in a region where it does not freeze even if ice making is completed in the heat storage tank, and all electrodes of the measuring electrode pair and the compensating electrode pair are connected. The ice thickness measuring device of the ice heat storage device is characterized in that the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface is measured from the voltage drop in the measurement electrode pair.
【００１７】[0017]
【作用】伝熱管面に設置されて、伝熱管面に生成される
氷と製氷用水の境界を正確に検出し、伝熱管周りの製氷
厚が高精度で連続して測定できる。The function is installed on the surface of the heat transfer tube to accurately detect the boundary between the ice generated on the surface of the heat transfer tube and the water for ice making, and the thickness of ice making around the heat transfer tube can be continuously measured with high accuracy.
【００１８】[0018]
【実施例】以下、この発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説
明する。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
【００１９】この発明は上述の図６に示す氷蓄熱装置に
適用される。The present invention is applied to the ice heat storage device shown in FIG.
【００２０】以下の説明において、図６と対等もしくは
同一部分については同一符号を付けて説明する。In the following description, the same or similar parts as those in FIG. 6 are designated by the same reference numerals.
【００２１】第１の発明 図１はこの発明の第１の発明の実施例を示す要部の側面
図である。First Invention FIG. 1 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the first invention of the present invention.
【００２２】第１の発明では、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０を立設し、該支持部材１０に、伝熱管２面からの距離
を変えて複数個の検温素子１１ａ〜１１ｆを配設してな
る。In the first invention, the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
0 is erected, and a plurality of temperature detecting elements 11a to 11f are arranged on the supporting member 10 at different distances from the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００２３】この場合、最も伝熱管２面に近い検温素子
１１ａの位置は、伝熱管２面に接触または非接触を問わ
ない。In this case, the position of the temperature detecting element 11a closest to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 may be contact or non-contact with the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００２４】上記構成において、検温素子１１ａを含む
複数個の検温素子が伝熱管２面に生成される氷中に埋ま
ってそれぞれが氷中検温信号を出力する。また、残りの
検温素子は製氷用水中にあってそれぞれに製氷用水中検
温信号を出力する。これらの各検温素子１１ａ〜１１ｆ
から出力される検温信号は、増幅器１２およびＡ／Ｄ変
換器１３を経由してコンピュータ１４に入力されて所定
の演算式に基づいて処理され、生成氷厚が算出される。In the above structure, a plurality of temperature measuring elements including the temperature measuring element 11a are buried in the ice generated on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 and each outputs an ice temperature measuring signal. The remaining temperature measuring elements are in the ice making water and output the ice making water temperature detecting signal to each of them. Each of these temperature measuring elements 11a to 11f
The temperature detection signal output from the device is input to the computer 14 via the amplifier 12 and the A / D converter 13 and is processed based on a predetermined arithmetic expression to calculate the generated ice thickness.
【００２５】図２は生成氷厚を算出するための説明図で
ある。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for calculating the produced ice thickness.
【００２６】図において、氷中の二点、すなわち、伝熱
管２中心から半径ｒ1 ，ｒ2 （伝熱管外壁を含む）点の
温度をＴ1 ，Ｔ2 、生成氷厚をｒice 、生成氷と製氷用
水の境界温度をＴice とすると、In the figure, the temperatures at two points in the ice, that is, points at radii r 1 and r 2 (including the outer wall of the heat transfer tube) from the center of the heat transfer tube 2 are T 1 and T 2 , and the produced ice thickness is r ice . If the boundary temperature of ice and ice making water is T ice ,
【００２７】[0027]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【００２８】上記（１−２）式において、Ｔice ＝０℃
であるから、ｒ1 ，ｒ2 点における温度Ｔ1 ，Ｔ2 を計
測すると生成氷厚ｒice が求められる。In the above formula (1-2), T ice = 0 ° C.
Since it is, r 1, the temperature at r 2 points T 1, and measuring the T 2 generation ice thickness r ice is obtained.
【００２９】第２の発明 図３はこの発明の第２の発明の実施例を示す要部の概略
図である。Second Invention FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the essential portions showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention.
【００３０】第２の発明では、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０を立設し、該支持部材１０に、伝熱管２面からの距離
を変えて複数個の計測電極１５ａ〜１５ｇを規則的（等
間隔）に配設してなる。In the second invention, the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
0 is erected, and a plurality of measurement electrodes 15a to 15g are regularly (equally spaced) arranged on the support member 10 at different distances from the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
【００３１】この場合、最も伝熱管２面に近い計測電極
１５ａの位置は、伝熱管２面から離して近接させ、最も
離れた計測電極１５ｇの位置は、設定氷厚より高い位置
にあって常に製氷用水中にあるようにする。In this case, the position of the measurement electrode 15a closest to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 is located close to the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 and the position of the measurement electrode 15g farthest away is always higher than the set ice thickness. Be in ice water.
【００３２】上記構成において、氷の電気伝導度は水の
それに比して著しく小さいため、隣接する計測電極間に
電圧を印加すると、氷中に埋まる計測電極間の電圧降下
は製氷用水中にある計測電極間のそれよりも著しく大き
くなる。In the above structure, since the electric conductivity of ice is significantly smaller than that of water, when a voltage is applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes, the voltage drop between the measuring electrodes buried in the ice is in the ice making water. It is significantly larger than that between the measuring electrodes.
【００３３】従って、隣接する計測電極間に順次に電圧
を印加して隣接する計測電極間における電圧降下をそれ
ぞれに計測してコンピュータに入力して基準電圧と比較
演算すると、氷中に埋まる計測電極数から生成氷厚が算
出される。Therefore, when a voltage is sequentially applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes to measure the voltage drop between the adjacent measuring electrodes and input to the computer for comparison calculation with the reference voltage, the measuring electrodes buried in the ice are measured. The produced ice thickness is calculated from the number.
【００３４】すなわち、高周波電源１６から隣接する各
計測電極間に順次に電圧を印加して隣接する計測電極間
におけるそれぞれの電圧降下（電圧出力）を、分配器１
７を経由して演算増幅器１８に入力し、この増幅器１８
からの出力を、隣接各計測電極のうち、氷中に埋まった
計測電極を含む回路の出力電圧を基準電圧より低くした
比較器１９に入力すると、この比較器１９では、隣接各
電極のうち、製氷用水中にある電極を含む回路からのみ
パルスが検出されるので、これを計数器２０に入力して
生成氷厚を表示器２１に表示させる。That is, a voltage is sequentially applied between the adjacent measuring electrodes from the high frequency power source 16, and the respective voltage drops (voltage outputs) between the adjacent measuring electrodes are distributed.
Input to the operational amplifier 18 via 7, and the amplifier 18
When the output from is input to the comparator 19 in which the output voltage of the circuit including the measurement electrode buried in ice among the adjacent measurement electrodes is lower than the reference voltage, the comparator 19 outputs Since the pulse is detected only from the circuit including the electrode in the ice making water, the pulse is input to the counter 20 and the generated ice thickness is displayed on the display 21.
【００３５】なお、計測電極に印加する電圧としては交
流を用いるが、周波数が低いと電極上で電極反応が進行
し、電極上に電気抵抗が生じ、また、周波数が高いと静
電容量による電気抵抗が発生し、いずれも回路に外乱が
生じるため、計測電極上に生ずる電極反応に基づく分極
作用と静電容量の発生に伴う外乱を除去するには、周波
数は１〜１０KHz 程度の交流を用いるのが好ましい。Although alternating current is used as the voltage applied to the measuring electrode, when the frequency is low, the electrode reaction proceeds on the electrode to generate an electric resistance on the electrode. Since a resistance is generated and a disturbance is generated in each circuit, an alternating current with a frequency of about 1 to 10 KHz is used to remove the disturbance caused by the polarization effect and the generation of electrostatic capacitance due to the electrode reaction occurring on the measurement electrode. Is preferred.
【００３６】また、上記実施例では隣接する計測電極間
における電圧降下を求めたが、伝熱管２面に支持部材１
０に対向してこの支持部材１０と略同一高さの共通電極
１５ｏを立設し、この共通電極１５ｏと各計測電極１５
ａ〜１５ｇとの間で順次に電圧を印加して共通電極１５
ｏと各計測電極１５ａ〜１５ｇ間における電圧降下を求
めるようにしてもよい。Further, in the above embodiment, the voltage drop between the adjacent measurement electrodes was obtained, but the support member 1 is provided on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2.
A common electrode 15o having substantially the same height as the supporting member 10 is erected so as to face 0, and the common electrode 15o and each measurement electrode 15 are provided.
a to 15 g, a voltage is sequentially applied to the common electrode 15
The voltage drop between o and each of the measurement electrodes 15a to 15g may be obtained.
【００３７】第３の発明 図４はこの発明の第３の発明の実施例を示す要部の概略
図である。Third Invention FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the essential portions showing an embodiment of the third invention of the present invention.
【００３８】第３の発明では、伝熱管２面に一対の計測
電極２２ａ，２２ｂを対向的に立設して計測電極対２２
を設けるとともに、伝熱管２から離れて該蓄熱槽中で製
氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で水没させて適宜の固定
部材２５面に一対の補償電極２３ａ，２３ｂを対向的に
立設して補償電極対２３を設け、計測電極対２２および
補償電極対２３の全電極２２ａ，２２ｂ，２３ａ，２３
ｂを接続して電極直列回路２４（図５参照）を形成して
なる。In the third invention, the pair of measuring electrodes 22a and 22b are erected on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2 so as to face each other, and the measuring electrode pair 22 is provided.
And a pair of compensating electrodes 23a and 23b are erected opposite to each other on the surface of an appropriate fixing member 25 by immersing in water in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed in the heat storage tank away from the heat transfer tube 2. Compensation electrode pair 23 is provided, and all electrodes 22a, 22b, 23a, 23 of measurement electrode pair 22 and compensation electrode pair 23 are provided.
b is connected to form an electrode series circuit 24 (see FIG. 5).
【００３９】上記構成において、計測電極対２２は、伝
熱管２面に生成される氷厚に比例して氷中に埋まる。従
って、氷の電気伝導度は水のそれに比して著しく小さい
ため、電極直列回路２４に電圧を印加すると、氷厚に比
例して計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電圧降下は大きくな
る。すなわち、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂの電極の長さ
（高さ）をＬx 、氷中に埋まっている部分の長さをｘと
すれば、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電圧降下は（Ｌx
−ｘ）に反比例し、この電圧降下を測定することにより
氷厚が測定できる。In the above structure, the measurement electrode pair 22 is embedded in ice in proportion to the thickness of ice produced on the surface of the heat transfer tube 2. Therefore, since the electric conductivity of ice is significantly smaller than that of water, when a voltage is applied to the electrode series circuit 24, the voltage drop between the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b increases in proportion to the ice thickness. That is, if the electrode length (height) of the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b is L x and the length of the portion buried in ice is x , the voltage drop between the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b is (L x
Inversely proportional to -x), the ice thickness can be measured by measuring this voltage drop.
【００４０】一方、水の電気伝導度は水中の電解質濃
度、温度などの変化により影響を受けるため、製氷が完
了しても蓄熱槽中で製氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で
水没して配設した補償電極対２３を使用することにより
これらの影響を補償する。On the other hand, since the electrical conductivity of water is affected by changes in the electrolyte concentration and temperature in water, it is submerged in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed or in the heat storage tank. These influences are compensated by using the compensation electrode pair 23 provided.
【００４１】図５ (ａ) は、生成氷厚を算出する回路例
を説明する説明図である。FIG. 5A is an explanatory view for explaining a circuit example for calculating the generated ice thickness.
【００４２】図において、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の
電気抵抗をＲx 、補償電極２３ａ，２３ｂ間の電気抵抗
をＲw 、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ間の電位差をＶx 、補
償電極２３ａ，２３ｂ間の電位差をＶw 、電極直列回路
２４に印加される電圧をＶ0、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂ
の長さ（高さ）をＬx 、計測電極２２ａ，２２ｂの氷中
長さ（氷厚に相当する）をｘ、定数をｋx 、ｋw とする
と、In the figure, the electric resistance between the measuring electrodes 22a and 22b is R x , the electric resistance between the compensating electrodes 23a and 23b is R w , the potential difference between the measuring electrodes 22a and 22b is V x , and the compensating electrodes 23a and 23b are between. , V w , the voltage applied to the electrode series circuit 24 is V 0 , and the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b are
Is L x , the length of the measurement electrodes 22a and 22b in ice (corresponding to ice thickness) is x, and the constants are k x and k w .
【００４３】[0043]
【数２】 [Equation 2]
【００４４】（３−１）式および（３−２）式を（３−
３）式に代入して、Expressions (3-1) and (3-2) are replaced with (3-
Substituting into 3) formula,
【００４５】[0045]
【数３】 [Equation 3]
【００４６】となり、Ｖx ＋Ｖw ＝Ｖ0 （一定）であ
り、定数ｋx 、ｋw の電解質濃度、温度などによる係数
は互いに打ち消され、これらの因子によらない定数Ｋが
式に残るだけであるから、Ｖx またはＶw を計測すれ
ば、一義的に氷厚ｘが求められる。Since V x + V w = V 0 (constant), the coefficients of the constants k x and k w due to the electrolyte concentration, temperature, etc. cancel each other out, and the constant K not depending on these factors remains in the equation. Therefore, if V x or V w is measured, the ice thickness x can be uniquely obtained.
【００４７】図５ (ｂ) は生成氷厚を算出する他の回路
例を説明する説明図である。FIG. 5B is an explanatory diagram for explaining another circuit example for calculating the generated ice thickness.
【００４８】図において、上述の図５ (ａ) における計
測電極対２２に直列に固定抵抗２６を接続し、また、補
償電極対２３に直列に固定抵抗を接続する。固定抵抗２
６の抵抗値をＲf1、電位差をＶf1、固定抵抗２７の抵抗
値をＲf2、電位差をＶf2とし、固定抵抗２６，２７を介
して一定の電圧Ｖ0 を計測電極対２２および補償電極対
２３に印加すると、In the figure, a fixed resistor 26 is connected in series to the measurement electrode pair 22 in FIG. 5 (a), and a fixed resistor is connected in series to the compensation electrode pair 23. Fixed resistance 2
The resistance value of 6 is R f1 , the potential difference is V f1 , the resistance value of the fixed resistor 27 is R f2 , the potential difference is V f2, and a constant voltage V 0 is applied via the fixed resistors 26 and 27 to the measurement electrode pair 22 and the compensation electrode. When applied to pair 23,
【００４９】[0049]
【数４】 [Equation 4]
【００５０】（３−５）式および（３−６）式より、From equations (3-5) and (3-6),
【００５１】[0051]
【数５】 [Equation 5]
【００５２】となり、Ｖx ＋Ｖf1＝Ｖ0 （一定）、ま
た、Ｖw ＋Ｖf2＝Ｖ0 （一定）であり、定数ｋx 、ｋw
の電解質濃度、温度などによる係数は互いに打ち消さ
れ、これらの因子によらない定数Ｋが式に残るだけであ
るから、Ｖx およびＶw 、または、Ｖf1およびＶf2を計
測すれば、一義的に氷厚ｘが求められる。Then, V x + V f1 = V 0 (constant) and V w + V f2 = V 0 (constant), and constants k x and k w
The coefficients due to the electrolyte concentration, temperature, etc. are canceled out, and the constant K not depending on these factors remains in the equation. Therefore, if V x and V w or V f1 and V f2 are measured, it is unique. The ice thickness x is calculated at.
【００５３】[0053]
【発明の効果】以上、説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、伝熱管面に生成された氷厚を高精度に、かつ、連続
的に計測し、該氷厚に基づいて蓄熱槽内における氷量が
求められるので、冷凍機設備の発停、および伝熱管への
冷媒供給の発停などの制御が適切に行われる。また、製
氷用水中の電解質濃度、温度などの変化による影響を受
けることもなく、連続的に正確に氷量を計測することが
可能となるとともに、費用も少なく故障もないなどの効
果を奏する。As described above, according to the present invention, the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface is continuously measured with high accuracy and in the heat storage tank based on the ice thickness. Since the amount of ice is required, the control such as the start / stop of the refrigerator equipment and the start / stop of the refrigerant supply to the heat transfer tube is appropriately performed. In addition, it is possible to continuously and accurately measure the amount of ice without being affected by changes in the electrolyte concentration and temperature in the ice making water, and at the same time, the cost is low and there is no failure.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】 この発明の第１の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 1 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of a first invention of the present invention.
【図２】 生成氷厚を算出するための説明図である。FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for calculating a generated ice thickness.
【図３】 この発明の第２の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 3 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention.
【図４】 この発明の第３の発明の実施例を示す要部の
側面図である。FIG. 4 is a side view of an essential part showing an embodiment of the third invention of the present invention.
【図５】 (ａ) ， (ｂ) は生成氷厚を算出する回路例
を説明する説明図である。5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams illustrating an example of a circuit that calculates a generated ice thickness.
【図６】 氷蓄熱装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ice heat storage device.
【符号の説明】 １…蓄熱槽 ２…伝熱管 １０…支持部材 １１…検温素子 １５…計測電極 ２２…計測電極対 ２３…補償電極対[Explanation of Codes] 1 ... Heat storage tank 2 ... Heat transfer tube 10 ... Support member 11 ... Temperature measuring element 15 ... Measurement electrode 22 ... Measurement electrode pair 23 ... Compensation electrode pair
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 中西 誠一 兵庫県神戸市中央区東川崎町３丁目１番１ 号 川崎重工業株式会社神戸工場内 (72)発明者 老固 潔一 兵庫県明石市川崎町１番１号 川崎重工業 株式会社明石工場内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Seiichi Nakanishi Seiichi Nakanishi, 1-1 1-1 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Kobe factory (72) Inventor Kiyoichi Ogo Kawasaki-cho, Akashi-shi, Hyogo No. 1 Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd. Akashi Factory
Claims (3)
冷媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱
源とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材
を立設し、該支持部材に、伝熱管面からの距離を変えて
複数個の検温素子を配設し、各検温素子から出力される
検温信号から伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定すること
を特徴とする氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置。1. An ice heat storage device in which a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and the ice is thawed to serve as a cold heat source. Standing up, and arranging a plurality of temperature measuring elements on the support member while changing the distance from the heat transfer tube surface, measure the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface from the temperature detection signal output from each temperature detecting element. An ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device.
冷媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱
源とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に支持部材
を立設し、該支持部材に、管面からの距離を変えて複数
個の電極を等間隔に配設し、隣接各電極間における電圧
降下から伝熱管面に生成される氷厚を測定することを特
徴とする氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計測装置。2. An ice heat storage device in which a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and the ice is thawed to serve as a cold heat source. A plurality of electrodes are arranged on the support member at different intervals from the tube surface at equal intervals, and the ice thickness produced on the heat transfer tube surface is measured from the voltage drop between adjacent electrodes. An ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, which is characterized in that
冷媒を通して伝熱管周りに製氷し、これを解氷して冷熱
源とする氷蓄熱装置において、前記伝熱管面に一対の計
測電極を対向的に立設して計測電極対を設けるととも
に、該蓄熱槽中で製氷が完了しても凍結しない領域で水
没させて一対の補償電極を対向的に立設して補償電極対
を設け、計測電極対および補償電極対の全電極を接続し
て計測電極対における電圧降下から伝熱管面に生成され
る氷厚を測定することを特徴とする氷蓄熱装置の氷厚計
測装置。3. An ice heat storage device in which a heat transfer tube is installed in a heat storage tank, a refrigerant is passed through the heat transfer tube to make ice around the heat transfer tube, and the ice is thawed to serve as a cold heat source. The measurement electrodes are erected opposite to each other to provide a measurement electrode pair, and the pair of compensation electrodes are erected opposite to each other by submerging the measurement electrodes in a region that does not freeze even if ice making is completed in the heat storage tank. And an ice thickness measuring device for an ice heat storage device, wherein all the electrodes of the measurement electrode pair and the compensation electrode pair are connected to measure the ice thickness generated on the heat transfer tube surface from the voltage drop in the measurement electrode pair.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4176528A JP2530411B2 (en) | 1992-07-03 | 1992-07-03 | Ice thickness measuring device for ice heat storage device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4176528A JP2530411B2 (en) | 1992-07-03 | 1992-07-03 | Ice thickness measuring device for ice heat storage device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06294564A true JPH06294564A (en) | 1994-10-21 |
| JP2530411B2 JP2530411B2 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
Family
ID=16015193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4176528A Expired - Fee Related JP2530411B2 (en) | 1992-07-03 | 1992-07-03 | Ice thickness measuring device for ice heat storage device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2530411B2 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009243857A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | Ice thermal storage type cold/heat supply method and device |
| CN115265031A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265029A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold machine and have its cold chain system fills |
| CN115265026A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265025A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold storage method and cold storage equipment with same |
| CN115265028A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265027A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold storage method and cold storage equipment with same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6463770A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-09 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Ice thickness detector for ice heat accumulator |
-
1992
- 1992-07-03 JP JP4176528A patent/JP2530411B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6463770A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-09 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Ice thickness detector for ice heat accumulator |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009243857A (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-22 | Mayekawa Mfg Co Ltd | Ice thermal storage type cold/heat supply method and device |
| CN115265031A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265029A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold machine and have its cold chain system fills |
| CN115265026A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265025A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold storage method and cold storage equipment with same |
| CN115265028A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold accumulation assembly, cold accumulation method and cold accumulation equipment with cold accumulation assembly |
| CN115265027A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-01 | 浙江雪波蓝科技有限公司 | Cold storage method and cold storage equipment with same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2530411B2 (en) | 1996-09-04 |
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