JPH06261697A - Urea-containing protein feed and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a protein feed which prevents ammonia poisoning and is high in an internal utilizing rate by mixing urea with starch and extrusion- processing it without water. CONSTITUTION: Ten to twenty wt.% urea (A), 50 to 70 wt.% starch feed (B) and 10 to 35 wt.% protein feed are mixed and extrusion-processed without water. A urea content is adequately controlled to improve the resolving and adsorbing rate of urea and the gelatinizing degree of starch. A proper quantity of sulfur or UGF including feed are added at need.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a protein feed and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a protein feed containing urea and starch feed and a method for producing the same.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Ruminants such as cows and sheep have the property that microorganisms synthesize non-protein nitrogen compounds such as urea into proteins in the rumen. Urea, which is a non-protein nitrogen compound, has the drawback that it cannot supply heat and mineral substances and vitamins, but it can be an excellent protein source because of its high protein equivalent. Therefore, rather than supplying all the protein requirement of ruminant livestock with a relatively expensive animal / vegetable protein feed (eg, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat meal, meat-bone meal, blood meal, etc.) It is desirable to substitute up to urea.

However, when supplying urea,
Since urea in the rumen is over-decomposed and the concentration of ammonia increases rapidly, even if it is used by microorganisms to synthesize proteins, a considerable amount is likely to be absorbed into the body through the rumen wall and cause poisoning. The problem occurs.

As described above, useful but dangerous urea has so far been used only as urea alone or in a small amount mixed with a compounded feed. Therefore, in order to enhance the availability of such urea. Much research has been promoted.

[0005] Conventional techniques relating to this include a method in which urea is mixed with alfalfa and pelletized to dilute the unique odor of urea to enhance palatability, and a method in which urea and starch are mixed and extruded. Then, there was a method of decomposing and adsorbing urea to starch.

[0006] The method of mixing urea with alfalfa and pelletizing it has a limited effect on ruminant livestock, especially in the case of dairy cows, because its olfaction is very well developed, and urea and starch are mixed and extruded. In this method, not only complete adsorption of urea does not occur due to the imbalance of temperature and pressure in the manufacturing process, but also because the temperature is raised to improve productivity, the taste of feed is greatly inferior due to the added steam. There's a problem.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention prevents ammonia poisoning,
An object of the present invention is to provide a protein feed containing urea, which has a high bioavailability, and a method for producing the same.

The present inventor has conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and as a result, by supplying energy and other nutrients required for protein synthesis by microorganisms,
By increasing the protein synthesis rate of microorganisms in the rumen and reducing the decomposition rate of urea, it was clarified that ammonia poisoning can be prevented and the feed utilization rate is increased.

[0009]

The present invention will be described in detail below.

According to the present invention, urea is mixed with starch which is converted to sugar as an energy source, and the mixture is extruded in an anhydrous manner to delay the decomposition rate of urea and increase protein synthesis by microorganisms, and at the same time, NRC (National Res.
According to the specifications of each protein used in ruminants, a degradable protein that is decomposed in the rumen (ruminous stomach) and can be used by microorganisms and is not decomposed in the rumen. In addition, the ratio of insoluble proteins absorbed in the abomasum and small intestine is adjusted to 3: 7 to 4: 6, and an appropriate amount of sulfur or UGF which is an unknown growth factor is added as needed. And

It is appropriate to use about 10 to 20% by weight (hereinafter abbreviated as "%") of urea, which is the main component of the present invention, because the soybean meal, which is the most widely used protein feed, is used. Not only can the soybean meal be replaced by soybean meal by making it similar to the protein content, but also when the mixture is mixed with starch and extruded, the degree of urea decomposition and the degree of gelatinization of starch are the best. .

The starch feed used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but a suitable amount thereof is 50 to 70%. As the protein feed, soybean meal, cotton meal meal, fish meal, meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, blood meal, etc. are used, and the appropriate amount is 10
~ 35%. It is desirable to add an appropriate amount of feed containing unknown growth factor UGF such as alfalfa.

[0013]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

(Manufacturing Example) * Manufacture of protein feed Feeds 1 to 4 were manufactured by crushing, blending and extruding each raw material with the composition shown in Table 1 below according to the manufacturing process shown in FIG.

[0015]

[Table 1]

Example 1 Fifty Holstein milking cows having similar body weight, lactation number, milking period and milk yield were separated from each other as shown in Table 2, and then 10 cows were placed, respectively, and then NRC (1991) dairy cow feeding standard. Based on a body weight of 600 kg, a daily milk production of 20 kg, and a milk fat ratio of 4.0%, the control group is based on a commercial milking feed No. 3 containing 12% soybean meal and 1.5% meat powder. , Corn silage, draft beer lees, rice straw, etc. are mixed and fed by the TMR method. In test zones 1 and 2, 12% of soybean meal from commercial milking feed No. 3 is fed with feeds 1 and 2 and fed. In test plots 3 and 4, 12% of soybean meal was replaced with feeds 3 and 4, and 1.5% of meat meal and 3% of cottonseed meal were replaced with wheat husks and fed for 60 days daily. The amount of milk produced and the milk fat percentage in each week are measured, and the average value obtained from this is given below. It is shown in 2.

[0017]

[Table 2]

Example 2 In order to measure the daily feed intake for 60 days and the weight gain per day, 20 Holstein bulls of similar body weight and age, 4 for each 5 cows as shown in Table 3 were used. Separated into groups.

[0019]

[Table 3]

The nutrient requirement of the fed test feed is NR
Among the C (1991) beef specification standard, the weight is 460 kg,
Based on the daily weight gain of 750g, control groups 1, 2
Is a commercially available fattening feed for cattle (11.56% protein content)
I) 3 kg and draft beer lees, wild grass, rice straw, etc. are mixed to give a total amount of 20.7 kg and a dry matter amount of 10.8 kg and fed by the TMR method. Was added to the commercially available large cattle fattening feed (II) in the same manner and in the same amount. The feed intake was calculated by subtracting the remaining feed amount from the total feed supply, dividing by the number of cattle per treatment group, and further averaging the daily values. The amount of weight gain was calculated from the weight at the end to the weight at the start. Was subtracted and divided by the number of days (60 days) to obtain an average value. The results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0021]

[Table 4]

[0022]

As can be seen from the above examples, when the protein feed of the present invention is added, the same amount of protein is fed, the milk fat and the production of soybean meal protein are higher in milking cows than in the case of feeding soybean meal protein. The amount of milk is remarkably increased, and in fattening cattle, the feed efficiency and the increase in body weight are remarkably increased as compared with the case where only the feed to which the protein feed of the present invention is not added is fed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a manufacturing process diagram showing a method for manufacturing a protein feed of the present invention.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A protein feed containing 10 to 20% by weight of urea and 50 to 70% by weight of a starch feed. 2. Protein feed according to claim 1, characterized in that it still contains 4 to 6% by weight of sulfur. 3. A protein feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it still contains 10 to 35% by weight of protein feed. 4. The protein feed according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally contains 4 to 6% by weight of UGF-containing feed. 5. The protein feed is one or two selected from soybean meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat meal, meat and bone meal, and blood meal.
The protein feed according to claim 3, wherein the protein feed is more than one species. 6. After crushing and blending the raw materials, a temperature of 100 to
A process for producing a protein feed containing urea, which comprises performing anhydrous extrusion under the conditions of 130 ° C and a pressure of 400 to 450 psi.