JPH06257885A - Heat utilization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a heat utilization apparatus in which sensitive heat recovery rate can be set to specific % or more. CONSTITUTION:Heat exchangers 28a,..., 29a,... are provided in vessels 23a,..., 25a,... for containing heat source side alloys 22a,..., for absorbing and discharging hydrogen and utilization side allays 24a,... different from the alloys 22a to form units 21a,..., and a sensible heat recovery pump 38 and a heat accumulator 45 are provided at a tube 36. Heat is exchanged, for example, between the exchanger 28a of the alloy 22a of the unit 21a which discharge hydrogen to become a high temperature and the accumulator 45 sensible heat of the alloy 22a is recovered to the accumulator 45 to equalize temperatures of the both. Heat is exchanged between the accumulator 45 and the exchanger 28a of the alloy 22b of the unit 21b to move part of heat of the alloy 22a to the alloy 22b. Thus, sensible heat recovery rate can be set to 50& or more.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat utilization device such as a refrigerator or a heat pump which utilizes reaction heat when a working medium is adsorbed and desorbed from a reaction medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Refrigerators or heat pumps which use, for example, hydrogen or a hydrogen storage alloy as a working medium or a reaction medium for reacting the working medium do not use CFCs, operate at a relatively low temperature, and have a structure. It is characterized by its simplicity and high efficiency, and research and development is being conducted to put it to practical use.

A conventional technique will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a connection diagram of a refrigerator. Since the refrigerator and the heat pump have the same configuration and only the temperature relationship between the heat source fluid and the heat utilization fluid is different, the case of the refrigerator will be described here.

In FIG. 12, the refrigerator is composed of first and second units 1a and 1b.
Are heat source side alloys 2a and 2b made of a hydrogen storage alloy as a reaction medium
Containers 3a, 3b containing the same, and container 5a, 5b containing the use side alloys 4a, 4b made of a hydrogen storage alloy different from the heat source side alloys 2a, 2b, and the containers 3a, 3b and the containers 5a, 5
It is provided with hydrogen pipes 7a and 7b which are connected by connecting hydrogen valves 6a and 6b to and from b.

Further, the heat exchange parts 8a, 8b, 9a, 9 provided inside the containers 3a, 3b, 5a, 5b are provided.
fluid switching valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 11b for switching the flow of the heat source fluid A, the heat utilization fluid B, and the cooling fluid C to b.
12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 1
Pipes 16 and 17 having 5a and 15b are connected. Further, the pipe 16 on the heat source side alloy 2a, 2b side is provided with a sensible heat recovery pipe 19 including a sensible heat recovery pump 18.

The refrigerator constructed as described above operates as follows. That is, when in the connection state as shown in FIG. 12, the heat source fluid A is flown into the container 3a of the first unit 1a to heat the heat source side alloy 2a via the heat exchange portion 8a,
The pressure of hydrogen absorbed by the heat source side alloy 2a in the container 3a is increased. Then, when the hydrogen valve 6a is opened, hydrogen flows to the container 5a side, and the utilization side alloy 4a absorbs hydrogen. The heat generation of the utilization side alloy 4a at this time is cooled by flowing the cooling fluid C into the heat exchange section 9a of the container 5a.

Next, the hydrogen valve 6a is closed to close the fluid switching valve 1
2a and 13a are rotated counterclockwise by 90 ° in the figure, and the heat source side alloy 2a is cooled by flowing a cooling fluid C into the heat exchange section 8a of the container 3a. Then, when the hydrogen valve 6a is opened, hydrogen flows from the utilization side alloy 4a of the container 5a toward the heat source side alloy 2a of the container 3a, and the utilization side alloy 4a absorbs heat in this process. At this time, the fluid switching valves 14a and 15
Cold heat is obtained by rotating a by 90 ° counterclockwise and causing the heat-utilizing fluid B to flow through the heat exchange section 9a in the container 5a.

[0008] Such operation is similarly performed in the second unit 1.
b, the fluid switching valves 10a, 10b, ...
, 15a, 15b are alternately switched while the first and second units 1a, 1b are repeatedly cycled to obtain cold heat in the heat-utilizing fluid B and operate as a refrigerator.

Here, for example, when the heat source fluid A is hot water of 90 ° C. and the cooling fluid C is 30 ° C., when the heat source side alloy 2a is made to absorb hydrogen, the cooling fluid C is heated to about 30 ° C. It is cooled and heated to about 90 ° C. with the heat source fluid A in order to release hydrogen from here. Therefore, about 3
The heat source side alloy 2a cooled to 0 ° C. must be heated (preheated) to about 90 ° C.

At this time, the amount of heat for heating is such that both alloys 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b having a large heat capacity and the respective containers 3a, 3b, 5 are used.
It is only consumed as sensible heat for temperature changes of a and 5b, and is not used for extracting cold heat. That is, a part of the heat energy of the heat source fluid A is wasted, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator is lowered. Therefore, in order to recover the sensible heat and improve the COP, the fluid switching valves 12b and 13b are moved from the positions shown in FIG. 12 before switching the operations of the first and second units 1a and 1b.
In the clockwise direction, the fluid switching valves 10a, 10b, 11a, 1
1b is rotated 90 ° counterclockwise, and the sensible heat recovery pump 18 is operated for a certain period of time to cause heat exchange between the heat source side alloys 2a and 2b. In this case, the sensible heat of the heat source side alloy that has finished releasing hydrogen can be used for preheating the heat source side alloy that releases hydrogen in the next cycle, so that COP can be improved.

On the other hand, the same applies to the alloy on the utilization side. When the cold heat is taken out, the alloy on the utilization side, which has been warmed up to about 30 ° C. in the process of absorbing hydrogen, must be cooled to the heat utilization temperature by the heat utilization fluid. If the sensible heat recovery pipe including the sensible heat recovery pump is connected to the pipes of the alloys 4a and 4b, the sensible heat can be recovered even in the use side alloy, and the COP can be further improved.

However, in the above-mentioned prior art,
Because of heat exchange between the two alloys, in principle, each of the alloys 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b can reach only the intermediate temperature between them and can recover only half of the sensible heat.
The sensible heat recovery rate cannot exceed 50% in principle.
On the other hand, while the sensible heat recovery process is being executed, the flow of the heat-utilizing fluid B is stopped, and the operation as the refrigerator is interrupted, during which cold heat cannot be taken out. When trying to recover the sensible heat close to the limit, it takes a long time to suspend the operation as a refrigerator due to the sensible heat recovery.

The same was true when a heat pump was constructed.

[0014]

As described above, the conventional one cannot attain a sensible heat recovery rate of 50% or more, and if the sensible heat recovery is attempted sufficiently, the operation is interrupted for a long time. Become. The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and its object is to improve the sensible heat recovery rate to 50%.
%, And a heat utilization device capable of taking out cold heat or warm heat by minimizing operation interruption due to sensible heat recovery.

[0015]

The heat utilization device of the present invention comprises:
A plurality of reaction media capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing a working medium and having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics are housed in a plurality of pairs of vessels, and the vessels are connected to each other so that the working fluid can flow. In a heat utilization device adapted to utilize reaction heat when alternately adsorbing or desorbing a medium to a plurality of reaction media, a heat exchange section is provided in a container and heat is stored in a flow path of a fluid flowing through the heat exchange section. And a heat exchange section for performing heat exchange between the heat storage unit and a heat exchange section of a container in which one of the reaction media is provided, and then a heat exchange section of a container in which the heat storage unit and another one of the reaction media are provided. Heat exchange between
It is characterized in that one sensible heat of the reaction medium is recovered, and at least two heat accumulators are provided in a flow path of a fluid flowing through a heat exchange section provided in a container for accommodating the reaction medium. In addition, at least three reaction media capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing the working medium and having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics, and two reaction media having different reaction media are respectively provided. It is equipped with a pair of containers that are housed and connected so that the working medium can flow, and a heat exchange section that forms a fluid flow path provided in the container, and the working medium is alternately adsorbed to the reaction medium. Alternatively, it is characterized in that the heat of reaction at the time of desorption is used by passing the fluid through the heat exchange section.

Furthermore, a plurality of reaction mediums capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing the working medium and having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics are housed in a plurality of paired vessels, and the working mediums flow through the vessels. A heat utilization device that is connected as much as possible and uses the reaction heat when the working medium is alternately adsorbed or desorbed to a plurality of reaction media, and the container is constructed so that the inner wall surface has a heat insulating effect. It is characterized by being.

[0017]

In the heat utilization device configured as described above, the heat exchange section is provided in the paired vessels containing different reaction media that reversibly adsorb and desorb the working medium, and the fluid flowing through the heat exchange section is provided. A heat accumulator is provided in the flow path, heat is exchanged between the heat accumulator and the heat exchange section of the container in which one of the reaction media is provided, and then a heat accumulator and another of the reaction media in the container are provided. Heat is exchanged with the heat exchange unit to recover one sensible heat of the reaction medium. Therefore, first, sensible heat of the reaction medium is recovered in the heat storage unit by exchanging heat between the heat storage unit and the heat exchange section of the container in which one reaction medium is provided, and the temperatures of both are equalized. After that, by exchanging heat between the heat accumulator and the heat exchanging part of the container in which the other reaction medium is provided, the temperatures of both are equalized, and as a result,
A part of the heat of one reaction medium is transferred to the other reaction medium. As a result, the sensible heat recovery rate can be set to 50% or more, and cold or hot heat can be taken out by minimizing the interruption of the operation due to the sensible heat recovery.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the examples, the working medium and the reaction medium for reacting the working medium use, for example, hydrogen or a hydrogen storage alloy, and the refrigerator and the heat pump, which are heat utilization devices, have the same configuration, and the heat source fluid and Since only the temperature relationship of the heat-utilizing fluid is different, the case of a refrigerator will be described here.

First, a refrigerator according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a connection diagram, and FIG. 2 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state.

1 and 2, the refrigerator is constructed by providing first and second units 21a and 21b, and each unit 21a and 21b is a heat storage side alloy 22 of a hydrogen storage alloy.
a container 22a containing a and 22b, and container 25 containing a hydrogen storage alloy use side alloy 24a and 24b having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics from the heat source side alloys 22a and 22b.
a, 25b, containers 23a, 23b and containers 25a, 25
It is provided with hydrogen pipes 27a and 27b for connecting the valve b with the hydrogen valves 26a and 26b.

Further, the containers 23a, 23b, 25a, 25b
The heat exchange parts 28a, 28 provided inside them.
b, 29a, 29b, the same fluid in different temperature states,
For example, a heat source fluid A made of water, a heat utilization fluid B, a cooling fluid C
Source side alloys 22a, 22b, 22c for switching the flow of
Side fluid switching valves 30a, 30b, 31a, 31b, 32
a, 32b, 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35
Pipes 36 and 37 having a and 35b are connected.
Further, a sensible heat recovery pump 38 and fluid switching valves 39, 40, 41, 4 are provided in the pipe 36 on the heat source side alloy 22a, 22b side.
2 is provided with a sensible heat recovery pipe 43, and the fluid switching valves 39, 40, 41, 42 are provided with a sensible heat recovery pipe 44.
A water tank 45 that constitutes a heat storage device is connected via the.

The refrigerator constructed as described above operates as follows. That is, each fluid switching valve 30a, 30b,
,,, 35a, 35b, 39, 40, 41, 42 are in the positions shown in FIG. 1, the heat source fluid A is caused to flow into the container 23a of the first unit 21a, and the heat source side is passed through the heat exchange part 28a. The alloy 22a is heated to increase the pressure of hydrogen absorbed in the heat source side alloy 22a in the container 23a. When the hydrogen valve 26a is opened, hydrogen flows toward the container 25a,
The utilization side alloy 24a absorbs hydrogen. At this time, the heat generated by the use-side alloy 24a causes the cooling fluid C to flow into the heat exchange section 2
It is cooled by flowing to 9a.

On the other hand, in the second unit 21b, the hydrogen valve 2
Hydrogen is released from container 25b to container 23b by opening 6b.
Flows toward the direction of and is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22b. The heat generated by the heat source side alloy 22b at this time is cooled by flowing the cooling fluid C through the heat exchange portion 28b of the container 23b. Then, the use-side alloy 24b undergoes an endothermic reaction by releasing the hydrogen absorbed by the use-side alloy 24b, and cold heat can be obtained by flowing the heat-use fluid B to the heat exchange part 29b in the container 25b. it can.

The sensible heat recovery is performed as follows. First, after the above reaction is completed, the hydrogen valves 26a, 26b are closed, the fluid switching valves 30a, 31a are turned 90 ° counterclockwise in the figure, and the fluid switching valves 32b, 33b, 40, 42 are turned to 90 °.
Rotate clockwise to operate the sensible heat recovery pump 38. As a result, the heat exchange part 28 of both containers 3a, 23b
The heat source fluid A and the cooling fluid C do not flow to a and 28b, the water from the water tank 45 flows to the heat exchange part 28a, and the water heated by the heat of the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23a flows to the water tank 45. . Then, a part of the heat of the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23a is stored in the water tank 45.

Next, when the sensible heat recovery pump 38 is operated, the fluid switching valves 40 and 42 are rotated 90 ° counterclockwise, and this time, the water heated by the heat of the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23a is heated. Is the heat exchange part 28 of both containers 3a, 23b
It flows between a and 28b. As a result, the heat source side alloy 22b
The container 23b is heated and the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23 are heated.
Part of the heat of a moves to the heat source side alloy 22b and the container 23b.

Finally, while the sensible heat recovery pump 38 is also operated, the fluid switching valves 39 and 40 are turned 90 ° clockwise,
When the fluid switching valve 41 is rotated 90 ° counterclockwise, water comes to flow between the water tank 45 and the heat exchange portion 28b, and the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23a stored in the water tank 45 are stored. The water whose temperature has risen due to the heat flows into the heat exchange portion 28b, and also part of the heat of the heat source side alloy 22a and the container 23a moves to the heat source side alloy 22b and the container 23b.

Here, for example, the temperature before sensible heat recovery is
One heat source side alloy 22a is 90 ° C., the other heat source side alloy 2
It is assumed that 2b is 30 ° C. and the temperature of the water tank 45 is 66 ° C., the heat capacities of the two are equal, ideal heat exchange is performed, and the two temperatures after heat exchange are equal.

The water from the first water tank 45 is the heat exchange section 2.
In the heat exchange performed by flowing into 8a, the temperature of the water tank 45 and the heat source side alloy 22a becomes 78 ° C., and in the heat exchange between the next heat exchange parts 28a and 28b, both heat source side alloys 22
a and 22b reach 54 ° C. And the last water tank 45
In the heat exchange between the heat exchange part 28b and the heat exchange part 28b, the temperature of the water tank 45 and the heat source side alloy 22b becomes 66 ° C.

As a result, both heat source side alloys 22a and 22b have recovered sensible heat by 36 ° C., respectively, and the sensible heat recovery rate is 60%.

Then, when the heat source side alloy 22a is set to 30 ° C. and the heat source side alloy 22b is set to 90 ° C. by the heat source fluid A and the cooling fluid C, the initial state means both units 21a and 2a.
The state of 1b is reversed, and by moving hydrogen again, the heat utilizing fluid B can obtain a predetermined cold heat of 0 ° C., for example. Then, by repeating the above operation, the operation of obtaining cold heat continues.

Further, when the above-mentioned steps are viewed in the operating state shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerator has the first and second units 21 and 21.
a and 21b sequentially repeat the cycle of phases I to X in opposite phases. Here, in the phases I to X, the fluid switching valves 30a, 30 on the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b side, respectively.
b, 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 33a, 33
If the positions of b, 39, 40, 41 and 42 are represented by X, Y, V and W as shown in FIG. 2, the process in the first unit 21a is as follows. If the switching valve position is not specified, it is shown as blank.

Phase I is a hydrogen release process of releasing hydrogen from the heat source side alloy 22a to the use side alloy 24a. (In the figure,
It is shown by a thick solid line. ) Phase II is a process of storing heat from the heat source side alloy 22a to the water tank 45.

Phase III includes heat source side alloys 22a, 22
The process of exchanging heat between b.

In Phase IV, heat is transferred from the water tank 45 to the heat source side alloy 22b while the first unit 21a is in a waiting state.

In the phase V, the cooling fluid C is used as the heat source side alloy 2
The process of cooling 2a.

Phase VI is a hydrogen absorption process in which hydrogen from the utilization side alloy 24a is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22a. (Indicated by a thin solid line in the figure.) In this process, the utilization-side alloy 24a releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, so that the heat-utilizing fluid B is caused to flow therethrough to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

In phase VII, the first unit 21a is in a waiting state, and heat is stored in the water tank 45 from the heat source side alloy 22b.

Phase VIII is for heat source side alloys 22a, 22
The process of exchanging heat between b.

In the phase IX, the accumulated heat is stored in the water tank 45.
From the heat source side alloy 22a.

In the phase X, the heat source fluid A is used as the heat source side alloy 2
The process of heating 2a.

After passing through each of the above steps, the sensible heat recovery process is shown in Phases II to V shown by the one-dot chain line in the figure, and the sensible heat preheating process is shown in Phases VII to X shown in the two-dot chain line in the figure. Is.

Although the sensible heat recovery by the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b has been described above, the use side alloys 24a, 2
For 4b, the sensible heat recovery rate can be improved and the recovery time can be shortened by providing a fluid switching valve, piping, and a water tank in the same manner as on the heat source side. The water tank 45 on the heat source side alone may be shared by the heat source side and the user side, and the device may be simplified and the cost may be reduced to improve the sensible heat recovery rate. Furthermore, by providing a plurality of water tanks for each alloy, the capacity of the water tanks may be increased to improve the sensible heat recovery rate.

Next, a refrigerator according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a connection diagram, and FIG. 4 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat source side alloy 22 is provided on the heat source side of the first and second units 21a and 21b.
a, 22b and containers 23a, 23b for storing them, respectively
Water tanks 51 and 52 each containing water having a heat capacity three times the sum of the heat capacities are provided. These water tanks 51, 52 are provided with flow rate switching valves 32a, 32b, 33a, 3
3b, 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b, and the sensible heat recovery pump 55 through the pipe 58 in which the fluid switching valves 56, 57 are inserted through the heat exchange parts 28a of the containers 23a, 23b.
28b.

The refrigerator configured as described above operates as follows. That is, the fluid switching valves 32a, 32b,
33a, 33b, 53a, 53b, 54a, 54b, 5
In the state shown in FIG. 3, the heat source fluid A flows into the container 23a of the first unit 21a and heats the heat source side alloy 22a through the heat exchange portion 28a.
The pressure of hydrogen absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22a therein is increased. Then, when the hydrogen valve 26a is opened, the hydrogen is stored in the container 25.
It flows to the a side, and the utilization side alloy 24a absorbs hydrogen. At this time, the heat of the use side alloy 24a causes the cooling fluid C to flow into the container 25a.
It is cooled by flowing into the heat exchange part 29a.

In the second unit 21b, the hydrogen valve 2
Hydrogen is released from container 25b to container 23b by opening 6b.
Flows toward the direction of and is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22b. The heat generated by the heat source side alloy 22b at this time is cooled by flowing the cooling fluid C through the heat exchange portion 28b of the container 23b. Then, the use-side alloy 24b undergoes an endothermic reaction by releasing the hydrogen absorbed by the use-side alloy 24b, and cold heat can be obtained by flowing the heat-use fluid B to the heat exchange part 29b in the container 25b. it can.

On the other hand, after completion of the above reaction, the hydrogen valve 2
Sensible heat recovery and sensible heat preheating performed by closing 6a and 26b are as follows.

First, in place of the water tanks 51 and 52, water tanks 51 'and 52' having heat capacities equal to the sum of the heat capacities of the heat source side alloys 22a and 22b and the containers 23a and 23b accommodating them respectively are connected. In some cases, the temperature before the sensible heat recovery and the sensible heat preheating is 9
0 ℃, the other heat source side alloy 22b is 30 ℃, water tank 5
Assuming that the temperature of 1 ′ is 60 ° C. and the temperature of the water tank 52 ′ is 45 ° C., the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b and the container 23a,
A case will be described in which ideal heat exchange is performed between the water tank 23b and the water tanks 51 'and 52', and the two temperatures after heat exchange become equal.

In the sensible heat recovery, heat is exchanged between the heat source side alloy 22a and the water tank 51 'to reach 75 ° C., and then heat exchange is performed between the heat source side alloy 22a and the water tank 52' so that both are 6
It reaches 0 ° C.

In the sensible heat preheating, heat is exchanged between the heat source side alloy 22b and the water tank 52 'to reach 45.degree. C., and then heat exchange is performed between the heat source side alloy 22b and the water tank 51' to reach 60.degree. become.

After completion of these heat recovery and sensible heat preheating processes, the heat source fluid A and the cooling fluid C are caused to flow through the heat source side alloys 22a and 22b, and the relationship is opposite to the temperature before the sensible heat recovery. So that one heat source side alloy 22a has a temperature of 30 ° C.,
The temperature of the other heat source side alloy 22b is set to 90 ° C.

Here, it becomes possible to move hydrogen again to obtain cold heat, and the operation of obtaining cold heat continues by repeating the above operation. Then, in each of the heat source side alloys 22a and 22b, sensible heat is recovered by 54 ° C, and the sensible heat recovery rate is 50%.
Is.

On the other hand, when water tanks 51 and 52 having three times the heat capacity of the water tanks 51 'and 52' are connected to the heat source side and sensible heat recovery and sensible heat preheating are performed in the same manner as above, The sensible heat recovery rate is 60%.

Further, when the above-mentioned steps are viewed in the operating state shown in FIG. 4, the refrigerator has the first and second units 21 and 21.
a and 21b sequentially repeat the cycle of phases I to XII in opposite phases. Here, in each of the heat source side alloys 22a and 22b in the phases I to XII, the fluid switching valve 32a,
32b, 33a, 33b, 53a, 53b, 54a, 5
The positions of 4b, 56, and 57 are set to X, Y, and
If it is expressed as V and W, the process in the first unit 21a is as follows. If the switching valve position is not specified, it is shown as blank.

Phase I is a hydrogen release process of releasing hydrogen from the heat source side alloy 22a to the use side alloy 24a. (In the figure,
It is shown by a thick solid line. ) Phase II is a process of storing heat in the water tank 51 from the heat source side alloy 22a.

Phase III is a process of storing heat from the heat source side alloy 22a to the water tank 52.

In Phase IV, heat is transferred from the water tank 51 to the heat source side alloy 22b while the first unit 21a is in the waiting state.

In the phase V, the heat is transferred from the water tank 52 to the heat source side alloy 22b while the first unit 21a is in the waiting state.

In phase VI, the cooling fluid C is used as the heat source alloy 2
The process of cooling 2a.

Phase VII is a hydrogen absorption process in which hydrogen from the utilization side alloy 24a is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22a. (Indicated by a thin solid line in the figure.) In this process, the utilization-side alloy 24a releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, so that the heat-utilizing fluid B is caused to flow therethrough to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

In Phase VIII, the first unit 21a is in a waiting state, and heat is stored in the water tank 51 from the heat source side alloy 22b.

In phase IX, the first unit 21a is in a waiting state, and heat is stored in the water tank 52 from the heat source side alloy 22b.

In phase X, the accumulated heat is stored in the water tank 52.
From the heat source side alloy 22a.

In the phase XI, the accumulated heat is stored in the water tank 51.
From the heat source side alloy 22a.

Phase XII is a process of heating the heat source side alloy 22a with the heat source fluid A.

After passing through each of the above steps, the sensible heat recovery process is shown in Phases II to VI shown by the one-dot chain line in the figure, and the sensible heat preheating process is shown in Phases VIII to XII shown in the two-dot chain line in the figure. Is.

Although the sensible heat recovery by the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b has been described above, the use side alloys 24a, 2
It is also possible to improve the sensible heat recovery rate and shorten the recovery time by providing a fluid switching valve, a pipe, and a water tank for 4b as in the heat source side.
Further, the number of water tanks 51 and 52 is not limited to two in order to improve the sensible heat recovery rate, and more water tanks 51 and 52 may be provided, and a larger heat capacity may be used.

Next, a refrigerator according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. This embodiment has a configuration in which a third unit is provided in the above-mentioned second embodiment.
5 is a connection diagram, FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operating state, FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing an operating state of the first to third units, and FIG. 6 (b) is a diagram. It is a figure which shows the operating state of a 3rd unit.

In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the first to third units 21a, 21b, 21c are provided with the container 2 on the heat source side thereof.
3a, 23b, 23c are provided, and a container 25 is provided on the user side.
a, 25b, 25c are provided. Further, on the heat source side, water tanks 51, 52 containing water having a heat capacity three times as large as the sum of the heat capacities of the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b, 22c and the containers 23a, 23b, 23c accommodating them respectively are provided. There is.

Further, on the heat source side, flow rate switching valves 32c, 33
A pipe 59 having c, 53c, 54c is provided, and a pipe 60 having flow rate switching valves 34c, 35c is provided on the utilization side. The pipe 59 is connected to the heat exchange section 28c of the container 23c, and the pipe 60 is It is connected to the heat exchange section 29c of the container 25c.

The operating state of the thus constructed device is as follows.
In FIG. 6A, the first to third units 21a, 21
The operating states of b and 21c are as shown by the bold solid line for the hydrogen release process, the thin solid line for the hydrogen absorption process, the one-dot chain line for the sensible heat recovery process, and the two-dot chain line for the sensible heat preheating process. Has become. As shown in the figure, the first to third units 21a, 21b, and 21c execute the same operating state with their phases shifted, and by continuously repeating this operating state, they continuously operate. .

Here, each unit 21a, 21b, 21c
Of these, one cycle of the third unit 21c shown in FIG. 6B will be described. Here, each of the fluid switching valves 32c, 33 on the heat source side alloy 22c side in phases I to VII
The positions of c, 53c, 54c, 56, 57 are shown in FIG. 6 (b).
As shown by X, Y, V, and W, each process is as follows. If the switching valve position is not specified, it is shown as blank.

Phase I is a hydrogen absorption process in which hydrogen from the utilization side alloy 24c is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22c. In this process, the utilization-side alloy 24c releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, so that the heat-utilizing fluid B is flowed through this to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

Phase II is a process of transferring the heat accumulated in the water tank 52 to the heat source side alloy 22c.

Phase III is a process of transferring the heat accumulated in the water tank 51 to the heat source side alloy 22c.

In phase IV, the heat source fluid A is used as the heat source side alloy 2
The process of heating 2c.

Phase V is a hydrogen release process of releasing hydrogen from the heat source side alloy 22c to the use side alloy 24c.

Phase VI is a process of storing heat from the heat source side alloy 22c to the water tank 51.

Phase VII is a process of storing heat from the heat source side alloy 22c to the water tank 52.

Phase VIII is a process of cooling the heat source side alloy 22c with the cooling fluid C.

By configuring each process as described above, the sensible heat recovery rate is the same as in the second embodiment, but the heat utilization fluid B is supplied to the first to third units 21a, 2 on the utilization side.
It is possible to continuously flow between 1b and 21c, and it is possible to continuously obtain cold heat.

Next, a refrigerator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. This embodiment has a configuration in which two hydrogen valves are provided between the heat source side container and the use side container of each unit as compared with the second embodiment. FIG. 7 is a connection diagram, and FIG. 6 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state.

In FIGS. 7 and 8, first and second units 61a and 61b of the refrigerator are provided, and each unit 61a and 61b is a container 23a and 23b containing heat source side alloys 22a and 22b, and Use side alloys 24a, 24
containers 25a and 25b containing b and containers 23a and 23b
b and the containers 25a, 25b between the hydrogen valves 62a, 62
Hydrogen pipe 64 for inserting and connecting b, 63a, 63b
a, 64b, 65a, 65b.

The operating state of the thus constructed device is as follows.
As shown in FIG. 8, the hydrogen desorption process is shown by a thick solid line, the hydrogen absorption process is shown by a thin solid line, the sensible heat recovery process is shown by a one-dot chain line, and the sensible heat preheating process is shown by a two-dot chain line. ing. The first and second units 61a and 61b operate continuously by sequentially repeating the same operating state.

Here, of both units 61a and 61b,
One cycle of the first unit 61a will be described.
Here, in the phases I to XIV, the fluid switching valves 32a, 33a, 53a, 54a, 56, on the heat source side alloy 22a side,
If the position of 57 is represented by X, Y, V, and W as shown in FIG. 8, each process is as follows. If the switching valve position is not specified, it is shown as blank.

Phase I is a hydrogen release process of releasing hydrogen from the heat source side alloy 22a to the utilization side alloy 24a. (In the figure,
It is shown by a thick solid line. ) Phase II is a process of storing heat in the water tank 51 from the heat source side alloy 22a.

Phase III is a process of storing heat from the heat source side alloy 22a to the water tank 52.

In phase IV, the cooling fluid C is used as the heat source side alloy 2
The process of cooling 2a.

Phase V to Phase XIII are hydrogen absorption processes in which hydrogen from the utilization side alloy 24a is absorbed by the heat source side alloy 22a. (Indicated by a thin solid line in the figure.) In this process, the utilization-side alloy 24a releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, so that the heat-utilizing fluid B is caused to flow therethrough to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

In phase XIV, the accumulated heat is stored in the water tank 5.
Process of moving from 2 to the heat source side alloy 22a.

In the phase XV, the accumulated heat is stored in the water tank 51.
From the heat source side alloy 22a.

Phase XVI is a process of heating the heat source side alloy 22a with the heat source fluid A.

In phase V and phase XIII, cold heat can be obtained from both units 61a and 61b.

In operating the heat source alloy 22,
Two hydrogen valves 62 when a and 22b release hydrogen
a, 62b, 63a, 63b are opened, and when absorbing hydrogen, only one hydrogen valve 62a, 62b is opened, and the time for adsorbing hydrogen to the heat source side alloys 22a, 22b and the time for desorbing it are different Is to do.

By configuring each process as described above, the sensible heat recovery rate can be improved and the cold heat can be continuously obtained as in the third embodiment.

In this embodiment, the hydrogen valves 62a, 62
Two b, 63a, 63b are used for each unit 61a, 61b, but three or more may be used, or at least one hydrogen valve whose flow rate can be adjusted may be provided.

Further, the adsorption time is not limited to twice the desorption time, and the adsorption time and the desorption time can be set arbitrarily by allowing both units 61a and 62b to perform the operation of extracting cold heat. Furthermore, the same effect can be obtained by reversing the relationship between the adsorption time and the desorption time as another heat utilization device such as a heating device, not limited to the refrigerator.

Further, in the above-mentioned first to fourth embodiments, the heat accumulator is constituted by the water tank, but it may be a heat accumulator using a heat accumulating agent other than water.

Next, a refrigerator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. 9 is a connection diagram, and FIG. 10 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state. 9 and 10, the refrigerator is composed of first to fourth units 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d,
Each of the units 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d includes a first heat source side alloy 72a, 72b made of a hydrogen storage alloy in the container 7
3a, 73b, the first heat source side alloy 72a, 72
a hydrogen storage alloy that has different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics from b.
The heat source side alloys 72c and 72d are stored in the containers 73c and 73d, and the first and second heat source side alloys 72a and 72b,
Utilization side alloys 74a, 74b, 74c, 74d made of hydrogen storage alloys having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics from 72c, 72d are housed in containers 75a, 75b, 75c, 75d.

Further, the heat source side containers 73a, 73b, 7
3c and 73d and corresponding containers 75a on the use side,
75b, 75c, 75d are hydrogen valves 76a, 76b,
Hydrogen pipes 77a, 77b, 77 having 76c, 76d
It is connected by c and 77d. And 78 is a sensible heat recovery pump.

Further, fluid switching valves 79a, 79b, 79c, 79d, 80a, 80b, which switch the first heat source fluid A, the heat utilization fluid B, the cooling fluid C, and the second heat source fluid D,
80c, 80d, 81a, 81b, 81c, 81d, 8
2a, 82b, 82c, 82d, 83a, 83b, 83
Pipes having c, 83d, 84a, 84b, 84c, 84d are provided inside the heat source side containers 73a, 73b, 73c, 73d, and heat exchange parts 85a, 85b, 85c, 85.
d, and containers 75a, 75b, 75c, 75d on the use side
Heat exchange parts 86a, 86b, 86c, 86 provided inside
It is connected to d.

Further, the heat exchange parts 85a, 85 on the heat source side.
The sensible heat recovery pump 78 and the fluid switching valves 87a, 87b, 87c, are connected to the pipes connected to the b, 85c, and 85d.
A sensible heat recovery pipe 88 having 87d is connected.

The refrigerator thus configured operates as follows. That is, the fluid switching valves 79a, ..., 79d,
.., 84a, ..., 84d are in the positions shown in FIG. 9, and the first and second heat source fluids A, D are caused to flow into the containers 73a, 73c of the first and third units 71a, 71c. The first and second heat source side alloys 72a, 72c are heated via the exchange parts 85a, 85c, and both heat source side alloys 72a, 72c are heated.
Increase the pressure of hydrogen absorbed in 2c. Then, when the hydrogen valves 76a and 76c are opened, hydrogen is stored in the containers 75a and 75c.
It flows to the c side, and the use side alloys 74a and 74c absorb hydrogen. The heat generation of the use side alloys 74a and 74c at this time is cooled by flowing the cooling fluid C into the heat exchange portions 86a and 86c.

On the other hand, the second and fourth units 71b, 7
In 1d, by opening the hydrogen valves 76b and 76d, hydrogen flows from the containers 75b and 75d toward the containers 73b and 73d, and the first and second heat source side alloys 72b and 72d.
Is absorbed by. At this time, the first and second heat source side alloys 72
The heat generated by b and 72d is cooled by flowing the cooling fluid C through the heat exchange parts 85b and 85d. And use side alloy 74
By releasing the hydrogen absorbed by b and 74d, the container 7
In 5b and 75d, the use-side alloys 74b and 74d undergo an endothermic reaction, and cold heat can be obtained by causing the heat-utilizing fluid B to flow through the heat exchanging portions 86b and 86d.

After the above reaction is completed, sensible heat recovery and sensible heat preheating are performed as follows with the hydrogen valves 76a, 76b, 76c and 76d closed. Here, the temperature of the heat source side is
For example, the first and second heat source side alloys 72b and 72d of the second and fourth units 71b and 71d have a temperature of 30 ° C., and the heat source side alloy 7 of the first heat source side alloy 72a of the first unit 71a.
2a is 90 ° C., the heat source side alloy 72c of the second heat source side alloy 72c of the third unit 71c is 70 ° C., and ideal heat exchange is performed between the heat source side alloys 72a, 72b, 72c, 72d. After the heat exchange, the temperature between the two is assumed to be equal.

Therefore, sensible heat recovery and sensible heat preheating proceed in the following order.

(1) Heat is exchanged between the first heat source side alloy 72b and the second heat source side alloy 72c, and both are heated to 50 ° C.

(2) First and second units 71a, 7
Heat is exchanged between the first heat source side alloys 72a and 72b of 1b, and both of them reach 70 ° C.

(3) Third and fourth units 71c, 7
Heat is exchanged between the 1d second heat source side alloys 72c and 72d, and both of them reach 40 ° C.

(4) Heat is exchanged between the first heat source side alloy 72a and the second heat source side alloy 72d, and both are heated to 55 ° C.

(5) After completion of the above, each heat source side alloy 7
The first and second heat source fluids A and D or the cooling fluid C are caused to flow through 2a, 72b, 72c, and 72d, respectively, which is the reverse of that before sensible heat recovery.

Then, it becomes possible to move hydrogen again to obtain cold heat. The sensible heat recovery rate at this time is 65%. Note that the utilization side alloys 74a, 74b, 74c, 74d of the respective units 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d can also perform sensible heat recovery by similarly configuring.

Further, the operating state will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, the hydrogen release process is shown by a thick solid line, the hydrogen absorption process is shown by a thin solid line, and the sensible heat recovery process is shown by a dashed line.
Furthermore, the sensible heat preheating process is shown by a two-dot chain line. Then, the respective units 71a, 71b, 71c, 71d sequentially repeat the illustrated operation state to operate continuously.

It should be noted that here, 1 of the first unit 71a
The cycle will be described. Further, the fluid switching valves 79a, ..., 79d, ...
82a, ..., 82d, 87a, 87b, 87c, 87d
Assuming that the position of is as represented by X, Y, and V as shown in FIG. 10, each process is as follows. If the switching valve position is not specified, it is shown as blank.

Phase I is a hydrogen release process of releasing hydrogen from the first heat source side alloy 72a to the utilization side alloy 74a.

Phase II is a process of performing heat exchange between the first heat source side alloy 72a and the second heat source side alloy 72c in the waiting state.

Phase III is a process of transferring heat from the first heat source side alloy 72a to the first heat source side alloy 72b in the first and second units 71a and 71b.

In phase IV, the second heat source side alloy 72c of the third and fourth units 71c and 71d is in a waiting state.
And a process of exchanging heat between the second heat source side alloy 72d.

Phase V is a process of transferring heat from the first heat source side alloy 72a to the second heat source side alloy 72d.

Phase VI is a process of cooling the first heat source side alloy 72a with the cooling fluid C.

Phase VII is a hydrogen absorption process in which hydrogen from the utilization side alloy 74a is absorbed by the first heat source side alloy 72a. In this process, the utilization side alloy 74a releases hydrogen and absorbs heat, so that the heat utilization fluid B is caused to flow therethrough to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

Phase VIII is the second heat source side alloy 72d.
Process of transferring heat from the first heat source side alloy 72a to the first heat source side alloy 72a.

Phase IX is the first and second units 7
A process of transferring heat from the first heat source side alloy 72b to the first heat source side alloy 72a at 1a and 71b.

In the phase X, the second heat source side alloy 72c of the third and fourth units 71c and 71d is in the waiting state.
And a process of exchanging heat between the second heat source side alloy 72d.

Phase XI is a process of performing heat exchange between the first heat source side alloy 72b and the second heat source side alloy 72c in the waiting state.

Phase XII is a process of heating the heat source side alloy 72a with the heat source fluid A.

By configuring each process as described above, it is possible to improve the sensible heat recovery rate as in the case of the first embodiment, and further, the heat source side alloy is made to be various kinds. Further, the sensible heat recovery rate should be further improved by increasing the temperature difference between the first heat source side alloys 72a, 72b and the second heat source side alloys 72c, 72d when releasing hydrogen. You can

Although the three-way valve is used as the fluid switching valve in the above-mentioned first to fifth embodiments, it can be implemented by appropriately changing it within the scope of the invention such as a stop valve. Furthermore, in each embodiment, heat transfer between the heat source side alloy and the use side alloy may be performed.

Also, a heat exchange section for recovering sensible heat,
Although the heat exchange part in which the heat source fluids A and D, the heat utilization fluid B and the cooling fluid C flow has the same configuration, two heats are generated for one heat source side alloy or utilization side alloy contained in the container. An exchange unit may be provided to perform sensible heat recovery and heating or cooling of the heat source side alloy or the utilization side alloy. Next, a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a unit of a refrigerator. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 91 denotes one unit that constitutes a refrigerator, which is a container 93 for accommodating the heat source side alloy 92 of the hydrogen storage alloy, and a hydrogen storage alloy use side alloy 94 having different characteristics from the heat source side alloy 92. Is provided with a container 95. The inner wall 96 of each of the containers 93 and 95 is subjected to a heat insulating process such as mounting a heat insulating material.

Further, both the containers 93 and 95 communicate with each other through a hydrogen pipe 98 having a hydrogen valve 97.
A heat exchange section 99, 1 for heating or cooling the heat source side alloy 92 or the utilization side alloy 94 housed in the inside 95.
00 is provided. Then, a plurality of units 91 are connected in series by a pipe having a fluid switching valve as in each of the above embodiments, and the heat source fluid A, the heat utilization fluid B, and the cooling fluid C are circulated to obtain a predetermined cold heat.

With the above-described structure, heating or cooling when adsorbing or desorbing hydrogen on the heat source side alloy 92 or the use side alloy 94 is performed by heating or cooling only the heat source side alloy 92 or the use side alloy 94. What is necessary is to reduce the need to heat or cool the containers 93 and 95 for storing them.

As a result, the heat energy for heating or cooling the containers 93, 95 is not required, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the refrigerator constituted by this unit 91 is improved and the refrigerator has high performance.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0134]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a heat exchange section is provided in a pair of vessels containing different reaction media that reversibly adsorb and desorb a working medium, and the heat exchange section flows through the heat exchange section. A heat accumulator was provided in the fluid flow path, heat was exchanged between this heat accumulator and the heat exchange section of the container in which one of the reaction media was provided, and then another heat accumulator and one of the reaction media were provided. By performing heat exchange with the heat exchange section of the container and recovering one sensible heat of the reaction medium,
It is possible to obtain a sensible heat recovery rate of 50% or more, and to take out cold heat or hot heat by minimizing operation interruption due to sensible heat recovery.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a connection diagram showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an operating state of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a connection diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an operating state of the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a connection diagram showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining an operating state of the third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6 (a) is a diagram showing operating states of the first to third units, and FIG. 8] is a diagram showing an operating state of the third unit.

FIG. 7 is a connection diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a connection diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram shown for explaining an operating state of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a unit according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a connection diagram showing a conventional example.

[Explanation of reference numerals] 21a, 21b ... Units 22a, 22b ... Heat source side alloys 23a, 23b, 25a, 25b ... Vessels 24a, 24b ... Utilization side alloys 26a, 26b ... Hydrogen valves 27a, 27b ... Hydrogen piping 28a, 28b, 29a , 29b ... Heat exchange section 30a, 30b, 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b, 3
3a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b, 3
9, 40, 41, 42, ... Fluid switching valve 36, 37 ... Piping 38 ... Sensible heat recovery pump 45 ... Water tank A ... Heat source fluid B ... Heat utilization fluid C ... Cooling fluid

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of reaction mediums capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing a working medium and having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics are housed in a plurality of paired vessels, and the working mediums flow between the vessels. In a heat utilization device that is operably connected and uses reaction heat when the working medium is alternately adsorbed or desorbed from the plurality of reaction media, a heat exchange unit is provided in the container and the heat exchange is performed. A heat accumulator is provided in the flow path of the fluid flowing through the section, and the heat accumulator and the reaction medium
Performing heat exchange with the heat exchange section of the container provided with one, and then performing heat exchange between the heat accumulator and the heat exchange section of the container provided with another one of the reaction media,
A heat utilization device, wherein one sensible heat of the reaction medium is recovered. 2. The heat utilization device according to claim 1, wherein at least two heat accumulators are provided in a flow path of a fluid flowing through a heat exchange section provided in a container accommodating the reaction medium. 3. A working medium capable of reversibly adsorbing and desorbing a working medium and having different temperature equilibrium pressure characteristics, and two reaction mediums having different reaction mediums, respectively. When the working medium adsorbs or desorbs the working medium alternately to and from the reaction medium, the container comprises a pair of fluidly connected containers and a heat exchanging unit that forms a fluid passage in the container. The heat utilization device is characterized in that the heat of reaction is used by passing the fluid through the heat exchange section.