JPH06241534A - Air conditioner - Google Patents
Air conditionerInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06241534A JPH06241534A JP5046063A JP4606393A JPH06241534A JP H06241534 A JPH06241534 A JP H06241534A JP 5046063 A JP5046063 A JP 5046063A JP 4606393 A JP4606393 A JP 4606393A JP H06241534 A JPH06241534 A JP H06241534A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- humidity
- temperature
- deviation
- indoor
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/153—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with subsequent heating, i.e. with the air, given the required humidity in the central station, passing a heating element to achieve the required temperature
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Air Humidification (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明はドライ運転しうる空気調
和機に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air conditioner capable of dry operation.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来のこの種空気調和機の冷媒回路の1
例が図4に示されている。空気調和機のドライ運転時に
は、四方切換弁12を図4に実線で示すように切換え、か
つ、電磁弁24、17、29を閉止する。すると、圧縮機11で
圧縮されたガス冷媒は四方切換弁12を経て室外熱交換器
13に入り、ここで室外フアン14によって送風される外気
に放熱することによって部分的に凝縮液化する。2. Description of the Related Art 1 of a refrigerant circuit of a conventional air conditioner of this type
An example is shown in FIG. During the dry operation of the air conditioner, the four-way switching valve 12 is switched as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, and the solenoid valves 24, 17, 29 are closed. Then, the gas refrigerant compressed by the compressor 11 passes through the four-way switching valve 12 and the outdoor heat exchanger.
It enters 13 and is partially condensed and liquefied by radiating heat to the outside air blown by the outdoor fan 14 here.
【0003】この冷媒はバイパス管16及びこれに介装さ
れた電磁弁17、逆止弁18を経て再熱器21に入り、ここで
室内フアン27によって送風される室内空気に放熱するこ
とによって凝縮液化して液冷媒となる。この液冷媒はキ
ャピラリチューブ22で絞られることによって断熱膨張し
た後、室内熱交換器26に入り、ここで室内フアン27によ
って送風される室内空気から吸熱することによって蒸発
気化してガス冷媒となり、四方切換弁12を経て圧縮機11
に吸入される。This refrigerant enters a reheater 21 via a bypass pipe 16, a solenoid valve 17 and a check valve 18 interposed therein, and condenses by radiating heat to indoor air blown by an indoor fan 27. It liquefies into a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant is adiabatically expanded by being narrowed by the capillary tube 22, then enters the indoor heat exchanger 26, where it absorbs heat from the indoor air blown by the indoor fan 27 to be evaporated and vaporized into a gas refrigerant, Compressor 11 via switching valve 12
Inhaled into.
【0004】室内空気は室内フアン27によって吸引さ
れ、室内熱交換器26を流過する過程で冷却されることに
より空気中の水分が結露して除湿され、次いで、この除
湿冷気は再熱器21を流過する過程で加温されて室内に吹
き出される。The indoor air is sucked by the indoor fan 27, and is cooled in the process of passing through the indoor heat exchanger 26, whereby the moisture in the air is condensed and dehumidified, and then this dehumidified cool air is reheated by the reheater 21. It is heated in the process of flowing through and is blown out into the room.
【0005】冷房運転時には、電磁弁24が開、電磁弁1
7、29が閉止される。すると、冷媒は圧縮機11、四方切
換弁12、室外熱交換器13、キャピラリチューブ15、再熱
器21、バイパス管23及びこれに介装された電磁弁24、逆
止弁25、室内熱交換器26、四方切換弁12、圧縮機11の順
に循環し、再熱器21は室内熱交換器26とともに蒸発器と
して機能する。During cooling operation, the solenoid valve 24 is opened and the solenoid valve 1
7, 29 are closed. Then, the refrigerant is the compressor 11, the four-way switching valve 12, the outdoor heat exchanger 13, the capillary tube 15, the reheater 21, the bypass pipe 23 and the solenoid valve 24 interposed therein, the check valve 25, the indoor heat exchange. The device 26, the four-way switching valve 12, and the compressor 11 circulate in this order, and the reheater 21 functions as an evaporator together with the indoor heat exchanger 26.
【0006】暖房運転時には、電磁弁29が開、電磁弁1
7、24が閉止され、四方切換弁12は破線で示すように切
り換えられる。すると、冷媒は圧縮機11、四方切換弁1
2、室内熱交換器26、バイパス管28及びこれに介装され
た電磁弁29、逆止弁30、再熱器21、キャピラリチューブ
15、室外熱交換器13、四方切換弁12、圧縮機11の順に循
環し、再熱器21は室内熱交換器26とともに凝縮器として
機能する。なお、図4において、1は室外ユニット、2
は室内ユニットを示す。During the heating operation, the solenoid valve 29 is opened and the solenoid valve 1
7, 24 are closed, and the four-way switching valve 12 is switched as shown by the broken line. Then, the refrigerant is the compressor 11 and the four-way switching valve 1
2, indoor heat exchanger 26, bypass pipe 28 and solenoid valve 29 interposed therein, check valve 30, reheater 21, capillary tube
15, the outdoor heat exchanger 13, the four-way switching valve 12, and the compressor 11 circulate in this order, and the reheater 21 functions as a condenser together with the indoor heat exchanger 26. In FIG. 4, 1 is an outdoor unit and 2 is an outdoor unit.
Indicates an indoor unit.
【0007】[0007]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記従来の空気調和機
においては、そのドライ運転によって室内空気の湿度を
低下させると同時に室内空気の温度を上昇又は下降させ
ることができるが、室内空気の湿度及び温度をともに適
正範囲に調整することは困難であった。In the above-mentioned conventional air conditioner, the dry operation can reduce the humidity of the indoor air and simultaneously raise or lower the temperature of the indoor air. It was difficult to adjust both temperatures within the proper range.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は上記課題を解決
するために発明されたものであって、その要旨とすると
ころは、ドライ運転時、冷媒が圧縮機、室外熱交換器、
再熱器、絞り装置及び室内熱交換器をこの順に循環し、
室内空気が上記室内熱交換器、再熱器をこの順に流過す
る空気調和機において、室内空気の温度を検出する温度
検出手段と、室内空気の湿度を検出する湿度検出手段
と、上記温度検出手段の検出温度と設定温度との偏差及
び上記湿度検出手段の検出湿度と設定湿度との偏差に応
じて予め定められたファジイ制御ルールに従って上記室
外熱交換器に外気を送風するための室外フアンの風量及
び上記圧縮機の容量を制御するファジイ制御手段を設け
たことを特徴とする空気調和機にある。The present invention has been invented to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the gist of the present invention is that the refrigerant is a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger,
Circulate the reheater, expansion device and indoor heat exchanger in this order,
In an air conditioner in which indoor air flows through the indoor heat exchanger and the reheater in this order, temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the indoor air, humidity detection means for detecting the humidity of the indoor air, and the temperature detection Of the outdoor fan for blowing outside air to the outdoor heat exchanger in accordance with a fuzzy control rule predetermined in accordance with the deviation between the detected temperature of the means and the set temperature and the deviation between the detected humidity of the humidity detecting means and the set humidity. An air conditioner is provided with fuzzy control means for controlling the air volume and the capacity of the compressor.
【0009】上記再熱器から吹き出される室内空気を加
湿する加湿器と、上記湿度検出手段の検出湿度と設定湿
度との偏差に応じて上記加湿器の加湿量を制御する湿度
制御手段を設けることができる。A humidifier for humidifying the indoor air blown from the reheater, and a humidity control means for controlling the humidification amount of the humidifier according to the deviation between the humidity detected by the humidity detecting means and the set humidity are provided. be able to.
【0010】[0010]
【作用】本発明においては、上記構成を具えているた
め、ドライ運転時、温度検知手段の検出温度及び湿度検
出手段の検出湿度がファジイ制御手段に入力され、ファ
ジイ制御手段は検出温度と設定温度との偏差及び検出湿
度と設定湿度との偏差に応じてファジイ制御ルールに従
って室外フアンの風量及び圧縮機の容量を制御する。In the present invention, because of the above configuration, the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means and the humidity detected by the humidity detecting means are input to the fuzzy control means during the dry operation, and the fuzzy control means detects the detected temperature and the set temperature. According to the fuzzy control rule, the air volume of the outdoor fan and the capacity of the compressor are controlled according to the deviation between the detected humidity and the set humidity.
【0011】再熱器から吹き出される室内空気を加湿す
る加湿器と、上記湿度検出手段の検出湿度と設定湿度と
の偏差に応じて上記加湿器の加湿量を制御する湿度制御
手段を設けたときは、湿度検出手段の検出湿度が湿度制
御手段に入力され、湿度制御手段は検出湿度と設定湿度
との偏差に応じて加湿器の加湿量を制御する。A humidifier for humidifying the room air blown from the reheater and a humidity control means for controlling the humidification amount of the humidifier according to the deviation between the humidity detected by the humidity detecting means and the set humidity are provided. At this time, the humidity detected by the humidity detector is input to the humidity controller, and the humidity controller controls the humidification amount of the humidifier according to the deviation between the detected humidity and the set humidity.
【0012】[0012]
【実施例】本発明の1実施例が図1ない図3に示されて
いる。図1に示すように、室内熱交換器26に吸入される
室内空気の流路に室内空気の温度を検出する温度検出手
段32及び室内空気の湿度を検出する湿度検出手段33が設
置されている。また、再熱器21から吹き出された室内空
気の流路に加湿器31が設置されている。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT One embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, temperature detecting means 32 for detecting the temperature of the indoor air and humidity detecting means 33 for detecting the humidity of the indoor air are installed in the flow path of the indoor air taken into the indoor heat exchanger 26. . A humidifier 31 is installed in the flow path of the indoor air blown out from the reheater 21.
【0013】温度検出手段32の検出温度tは比較手段37
に入力され、ここで温度設定手段38から入力された設定
温度ts との偏差Δt が算出され、この偏差Δt はファ
ジイ制御手段41に出力される。The temperature t detected by the temperature detecting means 32 is compared with the comparing means 37.
The deviation Δt from the set temperature t s input from the temperature setting means 38 is calculated, and this deviation Δt is output to the fuzzy control means 41.
【0014】湿度検出手段33の検出湿度hは比較手段39
に入力され、ここで湿度設定手段40から入力された設定
湿度hs1との偏差Δh1 が算出され、この偏差Δh1 は
ファジイ制御手段41に出力される。The humidity h detected by the humidity detecting means 33 is compared with the comparing means 39.
The deviation Δh 1 from the set humidity h s1 input from the humidity setting means 40 is calculated, and this deviation Δh 1 is output to the fuzzy control means 41.
【0015】ファジイ制御手段41はインバータ42に出力
して圧縮機11の駆動用モータに供給される電流の周波数
を変更することによって圧縮機11の回転数、即ち、容量
を制御するとともに室外フアン14の駆動用モータ43に出
力して室外フアン14の回転数を変更することによって室
外フアン14の風量を制御する。The fuzzy control means 41 controls the rotation speed, that is, the capacity of the compressor 11 by changing the frequency of the current output to the inverter 42 and supplied to the drive motor of the compressor 11, and the outdoor fan 14 The air volume of the outdoor fan 14 is controlled by outputting the same to the drive motor 43 to change the rotation speed of the outdoor fan 14.
【0016】一方、湿度検出手段33の検出湿度hは比較
手段34に入力され、ここで湿度設定手段35から入力され
た設定湿度hS2との偏差Δh2 が算出される。この偏差
Δh2 が湿度制御手段36に入力されると、湿度制御手段
36は偏差Δh2 に応じて加湿量を演算し、演算結果を加
湿器31に出力してこれをON、OFF させることによりその
加湿量を制御する。On the other hand, the detected humidity h of the humidity detecting means 33 is inputted to the comparing means 34, and the deviation Δh 2 from the set humidity h S2 inputted from the humidity setting means 35 is calculated here. When this deviation Δh 2 is input to the humidity control means 36, the humidity control means 36
Reference numeral 36 calculates the amount of humidification according to the deviation Δh 2 , outputs the calculation result to the humidifier 31, and turns it on and off to control the amount of humidification.
【0017】ファジイ制御手段41には図2(A) に示す温
度偏差Δt についてのメンバーシップ関数、図2(B) に
示す湿度偏差Δh1 についてのメンバーシップ関数、図
2(C) に示す室外フアンの風量Qについてのメンバーシ
ップ関数、図2(D) に示す圧縮機の回転数Rについての
メンバーシップ関数並びに図3(A) に示す室外フアンの
風量Qについてファジイ制御ルール及び図3(B) に示す
圧縮機11の回転数Rについてのファジイ制御ルールが記
憶されている。なお、図2及び図3において、NBは負で
大、NSは負で小、ZOは零、PSは正で小、PBは正で大をそ
れぞれ示している。The fuzzy control means 41 has a membership function for the temperature deviation Δt shown in FIG. 2 (A), a membership function for the humidity deviation Δh 1 shown in FIG. 2 (B), and an outdoor room shown in FIG. 2 (C). The membership function for the air volume Q of the fan, the membership function for the rotational speed R of the compressor shown in Fig. 2 (D), and the fuzzy control rule and Fig. 3 (B) for the air volume Q of the outdoor fan shown in Fig. 3 (A). The fuzzy control rule for the rotational speed R of the compressor 11 shown in () is stored. 2 and 3, NB is negative and large, NS is negative and small, ZO is zero, PS is positive and small, and PB is positive and large.
【0018】ファジイ制御手段41は温度偏差Δt 及び湿
度偏差Δh1 が入力されると、これらに応じて上記メン
バーシップ関数及びファジイ制御ルールに従ってファジ
イ推論し、推論結果を非ファジイ化して量子化すること
によって室外フアン14の風量Q及び圧縮機11の回転数R
を決定する。When the temperature deviation Δt and the humidity deviation Δh 1 are input, the fuzzy control means 41 performs fuzzy inference according to the membership function and the fuzzy control rule, and defuzzifies and inquantizes the inference result. The air flow rate Q of the outdoor fan 14 and the rotation speed R of the compressor 11
To decide.
【0019】しかして、ドライ運転時、圧縮機11の回転
数Rが増大すると、冷媒の循環量が増大して室内熱交換
器26における冷媒の蒸発温度が低下するので、除湿量が
増大する。一方、圧縮機11の回転数Rが減少すると、除
湿量が減少する。When the number of revolutions R of the compressor 11 increases during the dry operation, the refrigerant circulation amount increases and the refrigerant evaporation temperature in the indoor heat exchanger 26 decreases, so the dehumidification amount increases. On the other hand, when the rotation speed R of the compressor 11 decreases, the dehumidification amount decreases.
【0020】また、室外フアン14の風量Qが増加する
と、室外熱交換器13における放熱量が増加して再熱器21
における放熱量が減少するので、再熱器21から吹き出さ
れる室内空気の温度が低くなる。一方、室外フアン14の
風量Qが減少すると、再熱器21から吹き出される室内空
気の温度が高くなる。When the air flow rate Q of the outdoor fan 14 increases, the heat radiation amount in the outdoor heat exchanger 13 increases and the reheater 21
Since the amount of heat radiation in the air conditioner decreases, the temperature of the room air blown out from the reheater 21 becomes low. On the other hand, when the air volume Q of the outdoor fan 14 decreases, the temperature of the indoor air blown from the reheater 21 increases.
【0021】かくして、ドライ運転時、温度偏差Δt 及
び湿度偏差Δh1 に応じて予め定められたファジイ制御
ルールに従って室外フアン14の風量Q及び圧縮機11の回
転数Rを制御して再熱器21から吹き出される室内空気の
温度及び室内熱交換器26における除湿量を加減すること
により室内の温度及び湿度を所定の適正範囲内に調整で
きる。Thus, during the dry operation, the reheater 21 is controlled by controlling the air flow rate Q of the outdoor fan 14 and the rotation speed R of the compressor 11 in accordance with a fuzzy control rule which is predetermined according to the temperature deviation Δt and the humidity deviation Δh 1. By adjusting the temperature of the indoor air blown from the room and the dehumidification amount in the indoor heat exchanger 26, the indoor temperature and humidity can be adjusted within a predetermined appropriate range.
【0022】ドライ運転の開始時、既に室内の湿度が所
定の適正範囲より低い場合にはドライ運転してもこれを
所定の適正範囲に調整できないが、このときは加湿器31
を起動し、その加湿量を湿度偏差Δh2 に応じて制御す
ることによって室内の湿度を所定の適正範囲内に調整で
きる。At the start of the dry operation, if the indoor humidity is already lower than the predetermined proper range, it cannot be adjusted to the predetermined proper range even by the dry operation, but at this time, the humidifier 31
Is started and the amount of humidification is controlled according to the humidity deviation Δh 2 , the indoor humidity can be adjusted within a predetermined appropriate range.
【0023】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明においては、ドライ運転時、検出
温度と設定温度との偏差及び検出湿度と設定湿度との偏
差に応じてファジイ制御ルールに従って室外フアンの風
量及び圧縮機の容量を制御するするため、室内の温度及
び湿度の双方をそれぞれ所定の適正範囲内に調整でき
る。According to the present invention, during the dry operation, the air volume of the outdoor fan and the capacity of the compressor are controlled according to the fuzzy control rule according to the deviation between the detected temperature and the set temperature and the deviation between the detected humidity and the set humidity. Therefore, both the temperature and the humidity in the room can be adjusted within predetermined appropriate ranges.
【0024】また、再熱器から吹き出される室内空気を
加湿する加湿器と、上記湿度検出手段の検出湿度と設定
湿度との偏差に応じて上記加湿器の加湿量を制御する湿
度制御手段を設ければ、室内の湿度が低い場合であって
もこれを所定の適正範囲内に調整できる。Further, a humidifier for humidifying the indoor air blown from the reheater, and a humidity control means for controlling the humidification amount of the humidifier according to the deviation between the humidity detected by the humidity detecting means and the set humidity are provided. If provided, it can be adjusted within a predetermined appropriate range even if the indoor humidity is low.
【図1】本発明の実施例に係る空気調和機の系統図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図2】上記実施例における各種メンバーシップ関数を
示す線図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing various membership functions in the above embodiment.
【図3】上記実施例における各ファジイ制御ルールを示
すテーブルである。FIG. 3 is a table showing each fuzzy control rule in the above embodiment.
【図4】従来の空気調和機の系統図である。FIG. 4 is a system diagram of a conventional air conditioner.
11 圧縮機 13 室外熱交換器 21 再熱器 22 絞り装置 26 室内熱交換器 32 温度検出手段 33 湿度検出手段 14 室外フアン 41 ファジイ制御手段 31 加湿器 36 湿度制御手段 11 Compressor 13 Outdoor heat exchanger 21 Reheater 22 Throttle device 26 Indoor heat exchanger 32 Temperature detection means 33 Humidity detection means 14 Outdoor fan 41 Fuzzy control means 31 Humidifier 36 Humidity control means
Claims (2)
換器、再熱器、絞り装置及び室内熱交換器をこの順に循
環し、室内空気が上記室内熱交換器、再熱器をこの順に
流過する空気調和機において、室内空気の温度を検出す
る温度検出手段と、室内空気の湿度を検出する湿度検出
手段と、上記温度検出手段の検出温度と設定温度との偏
差及び上記湿度検出手段の検出湿度と設定湿度との偏差
に応じて予め定められたファジイ制御ルールに従って上
記室外熱交換器に外気を送風するための室外フアンの風
量及び上記圧縮機の容量を制御するファジイ制御手段を
設けたことを特徴とする空気調和機。1. During dry operation, the refrigerant circulates through a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a reheater, a throttle device and an indoor heat exchanger in this order, and indoor air flows through the indoor heat exchanger and the reheater. In an air conditioner that flows through sequentially, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the indoor air, a humidity detecting means for detecting the humidity of the indoor air, a deviation between the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means and a set temperature, and the humidity detection. A fuzzy control means for controlling the air volume of the outdoor fan and the capacity of the compressor for blowing the outside air to the outdoor heat exchanger according to a fuzzy control rule that is predetermined according to the deviation between the detected humidity and the set humidity of the means. An air conditioner characterized by being provided.
加湿する加湿器と、上記湿度検出手段の検出温度と設定
湿度との偏差に応じて上記加湿器の加湿量を制御する湿
度制御手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載の空
気調和機。2. A humidifier for humidifying the indoor air blown from the reheater, and a humidity control means for controlling a humidification amount of the humidifier according to a deviation between a temperature detected by the humidity detecting means and a set humidity. The air conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the air conditioner is provided.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5046063A JPH06241534A (en) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Air conditioner |
CN 94100529 CN1062949C (en) | 1993-02-12 | 1994-01-29 | Air conditioner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5046063A JPH06241534A (en) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Air conditioner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06241534A true JPH06241534A (en) | 1994-08-30 |
Family
ID=12736558
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP5046063A Pending JPH06241534A (en) | 1993-02-12 | 1993-02-12 | Air conditioner |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH06241534A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1062949C (en) |
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WO2004040208A1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-13 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Air conditioner |
JP2006266677A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-10-05 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Air conditioner |
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US7225630B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2007-06-05 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Refrigerating cycle apparatus, air conditioning apparatus, throttle device and flow controller |
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-
1993
- 1993-02-12 JP JP5046063A patent/JPH06241534A/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-01-29 CN CN 94100529 patent/CN1062949C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1062949C (en) | 2001-03-07 |
CN1109156A (en) | 1995-09-27 |
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