JPH0623603A - Chip breaker for cutting tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the chip breaker of a cutting tool which can enlarge the range of a cutting condition to act as a chip breaker and the material quality of a material to be cut, more than the conventional arts. CONSTITUTION:In the case of a cutting tool equipped with a columnar or circular plate throwaway chip 1 to conduct cutting processing while it is being turned by cutting resistance or drive from the outside, the breaker width of a chip breaker 3 provided on the surface 2 of a throwaway chip 1 is made to change continuously between the maximum value W1 and the minimum value W2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutting tool used for cutting a material to be cut such as a metal material, and in particular, when long continuous chips are generated during cutting, these are entangled. The present invention relates to a chip breaker having a groove shape, a projection shape, or the like provided so that chips cut into appropriate lengths are generated because the volume becomes large and processing becomes difficult.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When cutting a material such as a metal material, the rake face of the throwaway tip and the throwaway tip are used so that chips cut into appropriate lengths are generated. A cutting tool which is provided separately and has a chip breaker having a groove shape or a projection shape in the vicinity of the rake face is often used.

The direct function of the chip breaker provided in such a cutting tool is to give a bending moment to the root of the chips to generate curled chips, and the curled chips are the flanks of the throwaway chips. It is hard to hit and is pushed by the subsequent chips to increase the radius, so that it can be bent by outward bending.

FIGS. 12 and 13 exemplify a tip breaker of a conventional cutting tool, and this tip breaker is provided on the rake face of a throwaway tip.

The throwaway tip 51 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 is fixed to a shank (not shown) to form a cutting tool (bite) and has a columnar shape as a whole and a mounting hole 51a at the center. The rake face 52 has a groove-shaped chip breaker 5 having a concentric circular shape.
3 is formed.

In this case, the groove-shaped chip breaker 53 is
Since it has a concentric circular shape with the throw-away tip 51, the breaker width W of the tip breaker 53 is the same in all of the circumference of the cutting edge.

[0007]

However, in such a conventional chip breaker 53, the breaker width W of the groove-shaped chip breaker 53 formed on the rake face 52 of the throwaway tip 51 has a cutting edge circle. Since it is formed equally at all positions of the peripheral portion, the cutting conditions (cut (mm), feed (mm / rev), cutting speed (m / m) are limited in a specific work material.
(in) condition), the chip breaker effectively functions, so that the chip can be cut into a shape that can be easily processed only under the above-mentioned limited cutting conditions. Even when cutting, if the cutting conditions change depending on the processed part,
Different breaker widths W, for example when the depth of cut changes
There is a problem in that it is necessary to prepare a plurality of types of throwaway chips 51 having the chip breakers 53, and it is necessary to prepare a large number of throwaway chips 51 and to appropriately adjust the breaker width W. Since it is necessary to replace the throw-away tip 51, there is a problem that workability of cutting may be deteriorated, and it has been a problem to solve such a problem.

[0008]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and it is possible to expand the range of cutting conditions and the material of the material to be cut acting as a chip breaker more than ever before. , Therefore, there is no need for multiple throwaway chips with different chipbreakers of different breaker widths, or multiple separate chipbreakers for throwaway chips. Even when changing, the throw away tip itself or the tip breaker separate from the throw away tip can be eliminated or the frequency of replacement can be reduced, improving the workability of cutting. The purpose is to provide a chip breaker for a cutting tool.

[0009]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a cutting tool having a cylindrical or disc-shaped throwaway tip for cutting while rotating by cutting resistance or external drive. The breaker width of the chip breaker formed of a groove shape or a projection shape provided in at least one of the rake face portion and the throwaway tip is provided separately from at least one of the portions in the vicinity of the rake face. It is characterized by that.

In an embodiment of a chip breaker for a cutting tool according to the present invention, the contour of the chip breaker is a non-round shape, for example, an elliptical shape, and the breaker width is continuous in the circumferential direction of the cutting edge. Can be changed. In this case, the contour of the chip breaker provided on the rake face of the throwaway tip has a non-round shape, for example, an elliptical shape, or the rake face of the throwaway tip is provided separately from the rake face. The contour of the chip breaker provided in the vicinity may be a non-round shape, for example, an elliptical shape.

In another embodiment of the chip breaker for a cutting tool according to the present invention, the contour of the chip breaker has a perfect circular shape and the center of the chip breaker is displaced from the center of the throwaway chip. The width may be continuously changed in the circumferential direction of the cutting edge.

Further, in the embodiment of the cutting tool according to the present invention, the chip breaker provided separately from the throw-away tip is integrally rotated with the column-shaped or disc-shaped throw-away tip. In the same manner, in the embodiment, the chip breaker provided separately from the throwaway tip rotates independently of the throwaway tip having a cylindrical shape or a disc shape, and is different from the throwaway tip. It can be arbitrarily positioned regardless of the relationship.

Further, according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to set the breaker width by controlling the position of the optimum chip breaker shape according to a command from the NC device according to the cutting conditions.

[0014]

In the chip breaker of the cutting tool according to the present invention, the chip breaker provided on at least one of the rake face part of the throwaway tip and the part separate from the throwaway tip and near the rake face. Since the breaker width of the chip is changed, when the cutting process is performed while rotating the throwaway tip by cutting resistance or driving force from the outside, the breaker width also changes repeatedly, so the chip breaker The range of working cutting conditions (cutting, feeding, cutting speed conditions) and the material of the work material will be expanded more than before, and the need to replace the chip breaker when the processing conditions and materials change will be greater than before. As a result, the work efficiency of cutting will be improved.

[0015]

【Example】

(Embodiment 1) FIGS. 1 and 2 show a chip breaker of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the chip breaker is provided on a rake face of a thrower way chip. There is.

The throwaway tip 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is fixed to a shank 11 shown in FIG. 3 which will be described later to form a cutting tool (bite) 10.
A groove-shaped chip breaker 3 having a concentric shape and an elliptical contour is formed on the rake face 2 and has a cylindrical shape as a whole, a mounting hole 1a and a key groove 1b in the center.

In this case, since the chip breaker 3 having an elliptical contour is concentric with the throwaway chip 1, the breaker width of the chip breaker 3 is the maximum value W ₁ and the minimum value W ₂ of the breaker width. (Ie W ₁ >
W ₂ ) and changes continuously in the circumferential direction of the cutting edge.

The throwaway tip 1 whose breaker width continuously changes in the circumferential direction of the cutting edge is shown in FIG.
The cutting tool 10 is fixed to the tip of the shank 11 as shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 3, at the tip of the shank 11, there are formed a throwaway tip mounting space 11a and a gear train installation space 11b, and both spaces 11a, 11b.
A rotary shaft 12 whose distal end is located is rotatably provided via a bearing 13.

From the upper end of the rotary shaft 12, as shown in FIG.
The throwaway tip 1 shown in FIG. 2 is inserted, and the key 14 is provided between the keyway 1b formed in the mounting hole 1a of the throwaway tip 1 and the keyway 12b formed in the rotary shaft 12, The rotary shaft 12 and the throwaway tip 1 are designed to rotate integrally.

A collar 16 is inserted from the upper end of the rotary shaft 12, and a bearing plate 17 is inserted into the collar 16.
The bearing plate 17 is fixed by tightening the bolt 18 on the upper surface side of the shank 11, and the bearing hole 17a formed in the bearing plate 17 serves to fix the rotating shaft 1
The upper end small diameter portion of 2 is supported.

On the other hand, on the lower end side of the rotary shaft 12, a gear 21 is fixed by a nut member 22, and a gear 23 meshing with the gear 21 is fixed by a shaft member 24 and a nut member 25. Gear 26 meshing
Is fixed to the rotary shaft 27a of the motor 27, and this motor 27 is fixed to the shank 11 side by the screw 28, and the rotation of the motor 27 which is a driving force from the outside is represented by a gear example (21, 23, 26). ), The slow-away tip 1 is rotated after deceleration.

FIG. 4 shows how chips are broken by the chip breaker 3 provided on the throwaway tip 1.

As shown in FIG. 4, chips 31 generated when the material 30 to be cut is cut by the cutting edge of the throwaway tip 1 are curled with a radius ρ ₀ by the chip breaker 3 and discharged. Its tip hits the flank 4 of the throw-away tip 1 and is stopped, and it is extended in the direction in which the curl radius (ρ ₀ ) increases, and eventually breaks.

By the way, in the throwaway tip 1 provided with the chip breaker not integrally or separately, as shown in FIG. 5, a cut (mm) and a feed (mm /
rev), it has a chip breaker effective range that can cut chips only in a limited range.

Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the breaker width of the chip breaker 3 has a maximum value W ₁ and a minimum value W _2.
When the cutting member 30 is cut while rotating the throw-away tip 1 by rotating the motor 27 by using the throw-away tip 1 that continuously changes between and, The breaker width of the chip breaker 3 changes continuously. This is shown in FIG.
Shown in.

As shown in FIG. 6, when the workpiece 30 is fixed to the chuck 32 of the lathe and the outer diameter is turned,
The two throwaway tips 1 and 1 rotate at n (r.
p. By performing cutting with the feed f (mm) while rotating with m), the breaker width of the chip breaker 3 has the maximum value W.
It continuously changes between ₁ and the minimum value W ₂ .

As a result, the chip breaker 3 operates with the optimum breaker width twice or four times while the throwaway tip 1 rotates once, and the chips can be broken.

The number of rotations n of the throwaway tip 1
Since the pitch at which the chip breaker 3 acts can be changed with the optimum breaker width by changing, the length of the chips to be broken can be arbitrarily set.

Here, the maximum value W ₁ and the minimum value W ₂ of the breaker width of the chip breaker 3 are the plural different cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed,
(Cutting) and the maximum and minimum values of the optimum value of the breaker width determined by the material of the material to be cut 30 and the like, with one type of throwaway tip 1 for a plurality of cutting conditions and the material of the material to be cut, It becomes possible to break chips into a length that is easy to handle, and the workability of cutting is improved by reducing or eliminating the need to prepare multiple types of throwaway tips or replace the throwaway tips. improves.

(Embodiment 2) FIGS. 7 to 9 show another embodiment of the present invention, which is the collar 16 shown in FIG.
In the second embodiment, the collar 1 that is a separate body from the throwaway tip 1 is used.
6 shows a case where a chip breaker is provided.

That is, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG.
At the center of the collar 16, a mounting hole 16a and a key groove 16 are provided.
In addition to forming b, a conical projection 16c is formed at the lower end portion, and the conical projection 16c forms a tip breaker 3 having an elliptical contour in the vicinity of the rake face 2 of the throwaway tip 1. Is assumed to have been formed.

Therefore, this throwaway tip 1
Also, the breaker width has the maximum value W on the rake face 2.
_It has a chip breaker 3 that continuously changes between ₁ and the minimum value W ₂ .

As shown in FIG. 9, the throwaway tip 1 and the collar 16 are rotatably mounted in the throwaway tip mounting space 11a formed at the tip of the shank 11, as shown in FIG. By using a gear reduction structure similar to that shown in FIG.
The driving force of 7 causes the throwaway tip 1 and the collar 16 to rotate integrally.

Also in this case, the chip breaker 3 acts with the optimum breaker width twice or four times while the throwaway tip 1 and the collar 16 rotate integrally through the key 14, and the chips are cut. Can be broken.

Further, by changing the number of rotations of the throwaway tip 1 and the collar 16, the pitch at which the chip breaker 3 acts can be changed with an optimum breaker width, so that the length of the chip to be broken is reduced. It can be set arbitrarily.

In the above embodiment, the throwaway tip 1 and the collar 16 are integrally rotated via the key 14, but the collar 16 forming the chip breaker 3 is called the throwaway tip 1. Is configured to rotate independently and the collar 16 can be arbitrarily positioned, so that it is possible to always set a more optimal chip breaker shape.

(Third Embodiment) FIGS. 10 and 11 show still another embodiment of the present invention, in which the throwaway tip 1 has a columnar shape as a whole, and a mounting hole 1a and a key groove are formed at the center. 1 shows a case in which an eccentric groove-shaped chip breaker 3 having a ridge 1b, a contour of which is a perfect circle, and a center of which is deviated from the center of the throwaway tip 1 is formed.

In this case, since the chip breaker 3 whose contour is a perfect circle is eccentric with respect to the throwaway chip 1, the breaker width of the chip breaker 3 is the maximum value W ₁ and the minimum value W _2. And that in the circumferential direction of the cutting edge continuously change between
And, as in the case of the second embodiment, it is possible to break the chip into a length that allows easy processing of chips under a plurality of cutting conditions and the material of the material to be cut, by using one type of the throwaway tip 1.

[0040]

According to the chip breaker of the cutting tool of the present invention, it is provided in at least one of the rake face portion of the throwaway tip and the portion separate from the throwaway tip and in the vicinity of the rake face. Since the breaker width of the chip breaker has been changed, it is possible to expand the range of cutting conditions (cutting speed, cutting, feeding) that act as a chip breaker and the material of the material to be cut more than before. With one or a few types of chip breakers, it is possible to break chips to a length that makes it easier to process chips for multiple cutting conditions and the material of the material to be cut, and to form chip breakers with different breaker widths. It does not require a large number of throwaway chips or a large number of chip breakers separate from the throwaway chips. Therefore, even when the cutting conditions change, it is possible to eliminate the need for replacement of the throwaway tip itself or a tip breaker separate from the throwaway tip, or to reduce the frequency of replacement, and to perform cutting work. The outstanding effect that it becomes possible to improve the property is brought about.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a throwaway tip equipped with a tip breaker according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a throwaway tip equipped with a tip breaker in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a cutting tool in which the throwaway tip of FIGS. 1 and 2 is attached to a shank.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a situation of generation of chips when cutting with a throwaway tip.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an effective range of a chip breaker.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which a throwaway tip is moved while being rotated to cut a material to be cut.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of a collar forming a throwaway tip and a chip breaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a collar forming a throwaway tip and a tip breaker according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a cutting tool in which the throwaway tip of FIGS. 7 and 8 is attached to a shank.

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a throwaway tip equipped with a tip breaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a throwaway tip equipped with a tip breaker according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory plan view of a throwaway tip provided with a conventional tip booger.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a conventional throwaway tip having a conventional tip booger.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Throw-away tip 2 Rake face 3 Tip breaker 10 Cutting tool 16 Color W ₁ Maximum breaker width W ₂ Minimum breaker width

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Sadazaki Shiro Shiro, 2 Takara-cho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A cutting tool having a cylindrical or disc-shaped throwaway tip for cutting while rotating by cutting resistance or driving from the outside,
Cutting wherein the breaker width of the chip breaker provided in at least one of the rake face portion of the throw-away tip and the throw-away tip and a part separate from the throw-away tip and near the rake face is changing. Tool chip breaker. 2. The chip breaker for a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the contour of the chip breaker is a non-round shape, and the breaker width is continuously changed. 3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the contour of the chip breaker has a perfect circular shape, and the center of the chip breaker is displaced from the center of the throwaway chip, and the breaker width is continuously changed. Chip breaker.