JPH0623399A - Treatment of sludge - Google Patents
Treatment of sludgeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0623399A JPH0623399A JP3358226A JP35822691A JPH0623399A JP H0623399 A JPH0623399 A JP H0623399A JP 3358226 A JP3358226 A JP 3358226A JP 35822691 A JP35822691 A JP 35822691A JP H0623399 A JPH0623399 A JP H0623399A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sludge
- clay mineral
- divalent metal
- added
- metal compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、上水、下水及び各種産
業排水処理によって発生する汚泥の処理、処分に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to treatment and disposal of sludge generated by treatment of tap water, sewage and various industrial wastewater.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、上水、下水及び各種産業排水処理
においては、多量の汚泥が発生し、特に下水等の汚水を
活性汚泥法で処理する際に多くの汚泥が発生しており、
それらの汚泥は濃縮、脱水、乾燥、焼却等の工程を経て
減容化され、埋め立て処分されているのが普通である。
これらの汚泥は、水分が多いものであり、かつ脱水しが
たいものであるため、その処理、処分のために多大の経
費とエネルギーを消費し、それを焼却したものもそのま
まの状態では再利用できるものでなく、埋め立てする外
はないものであるため、その処分地にも余裕がなくな
り、その対策に苦慮している。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a large amount of sludge is generated in the treatment of tap water, sewage and various industrial wastewater, and particularly when treating sewage such as sewage by an activated sludge method, a large amount of sludge is generated.
These sludges are usually reduced in volume through processes such as concentration, dehydration, drying, incineration, etc., and then disposed of in landfill.
Since these sludges have a high water content and are difficult to dehydrate, they consume a great deal of expense and energy for their treatment and disposal, and those that are incinerated can be reused as they are. Since it is not something that can be done and there is no choice but to reclaim it, there is no room at the disposal site, and we are struggling to deal with it.
【０００３】粘土鉱物類を用いて汚泥を処理することに
ついては、本出願人はかねてから研究を進めており、先
に特公昭５２−１８６６８号公報で、懸濁固形物１トン
当たり３〜５０ｋｇのベントナイト及び高分子凝集剤を
添加し、これを水平な筒状回転容器内の一端に供給して
コロガリ運動を与えて固形物と液とを分離する懸濁液の
処理方法を提案している。Regarding the treatment of sludge using clay minerals, the present applicant has been conducting research for some time, and in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-18668, the amount of 3 to 50 kg per ton of suspended solids was previously mentioned. A method for treating a suspension is proposed in which bentonite and a polymer flocculant are added, and the mixture is supplied to one end of a horizontal cylindrical rotary container to give a rolling motion to separate a solid from a liquid.
【０００４】また、本出願人は、同様な懸濁液の処理に
関して、特公昭５３−１３０５９号公報で、懸濁固形物
を含む懸濁液に高分子凝集剤及びベントナイトを添加
し、処理槽内における懸濁固形物濃度を５〜３００ｇ／
リットルに保ちつつ、該液に処理槽内で回転翼による旋
回流を与え、かつこの旋回流が乱されない処理槽を用い
液中の懸濁固形物をペレット状固形物に造粒して液体と
分離するようにした固液分離方法を提案している。Further, regarding the same treatment of a suspension, the applicant of the present invention discloses in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-13059 that a polymer flocculant and bentonite are added to a suspension containing suspended solids, and a treatment tank is added. The concentration of suspended solids in the vessel is 5 to 300 g /
While maintaining the liter, the liquid is given a swirling flow by a rotary blade in the processing tank, and the suspended solid in the liquid is granulated into a pellet-like solid by using a processing tank in which the swirling flow is not disturbed. A solid-liquid separation method for separating is proposed.
【０００５】更に、特開昭５４−１６８４５号公報で
は、粘土鉱物類を有機性排水汚泥の処理に使用して、下
水処理場等の有機性排水処理場より発生する、最初沈澱
池汚泥、余剰活性汚泥、或いはこれらの混合汚泥の有機
性排水汚泥に、ベントナイトを添加した後、アニオン性
高分子凝集剤又はノニオン性高分子凝集剤、又はこれら
の混合高分子凝集剤を添加して汚泥を凝集する方法を提
案している。Further, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-16845, clay minerals are used for treating organic wastewater sludge, and the first settling tank sludge and surplus generated from organic wastewater treatment plants such as sewage treatment plants. After adding bentonite to activated sludge or organic waste sludge of these mixed sludges, add anionic polymer coagulant or nonionic polymer coagulant, or mixed polymer coagulant of these sludges to coagulate sludge Suggesting a way to do it.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記した方法は、いず
れもベントナイトの膨張性を利用し、有機性高分子凝集
剤の効果を高め、比較的強固な凝集物を作り、脱水効率
を高めようとするものである。しかし、これらの方法を
もってしても、著しい低含水率化には至らず、汚泥の処
理の全コストに対する寄与率は小さく、著しい改善がな
されないので、より一層の効率化が必要とされている。In any of the above-mentioned methods, the expansiveness of bentonite is used to enhance the effect of the organic polymer flocculant, to form a relatively strong agglomerate, and to enhance the dehydration efficiency. To do. However, even with these methods, the water content cannot be significantly lowered, the contribution to the total cost of sludge treatment is small, and no significant improvement is made, so further efficiency improvement is required. .
【０００７】本発明は、汚泥又はその脱水ケーキを処理
するに際し、粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物を使用して、一
定時間放置するだけで、粘土鉱物に自己収縮作用を生起
せしめ、この作用により脱水、固化が進行し、少ないエ
ネルギーで乾燥固化状態に導くようにした汚泥の処理方
法を提供することを目的とするものである。The present invention uses a clay mineral and a divalent metal compound when treating sludge or its dehydrated cake, and causes the clay mineral to undergo a self-shrinking action by allowing it to stand for a certain period of time. An object of the present invention is to provide a sludge treatment method in which solidification progresses and leads to a dry solidified state with a small amount of energy.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、次の手段によ
って前記の目的を達成することができる。 （１） 酸化珪素及び酸化アルミニウムを主成分とし陽
イオン交換性を有する粘土鉱物を２価金属イオンで置換
して変成した粘土鉱物を、汚泥に添加するか、或いは前
記粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物とを汚泥に添加して脱水し
た後、一定時間放置することを特徴とする汚泥の処理方
法。The present invention can achieve the above object by the following means. (1) A clay mineral, which is composed mainly of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide and has a cation exchange property, is substituted with a divalent metal ion to modify the clay mineral, and the clay mineral is added to the sludge, or the clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are added. A method for treating sludge, which comprises adding and to the sludge for dehydration and then leaving it for a certain period of time.
【０００９】（２） 酸化珪素及び酸化アルミニウムを
主成分とし陽イオン交換性を有する粘土鉱物を２価金属
イオンで置換して変成した粘土鉱物を、汚泥の脱水ケー
キに添加するか、或いは前記粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物
とを汚泥の脱水ケーキに添加して脱水した後、一定時間
放置することを特徴とする汚泥の処理方法。本発明で用
いる、酸化珪素及び酸化アルミニウムを主成分とし陽イ
オン交換性を有する粘土鉱物としては、具体的には、例
えばベントナイト、ザウコナイト、ノントロナイト、サ
ポナイト、ヘクトライト、バーミキュライト等であり、
その組成は、おおよそ酸化珪素：酸化アルミニウムの比
が４：１〜２：１で、その他鉄、カルシウム、ナトリウ
ム、マグネシウム、チタン等の酸化物を含んだものであ
る。(2) A clay mineral mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide and having a cation exchangeability is replaced with a divalent metal ion, and the modified clay mineral is added to the sludge dewatering cake, or the above clay is used. A method for treating sludge, which comprises adding a mineral and a divalent metal compound to a dehydrated cake of sludge for dehydration and then leaving it for a certain period of time. Examples of the clay mineral having cation exchange properties mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide used in the present invention include, for example, bentonite, sauconite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite, vermiculite, and the like.
The composition is such that the ratio of silicon oxide: aluminum oxide is approximately 4: 1 to 2: 1 and other oxides such as iron, calcium, sodium, magnesium and titanium are included.
【００１０】前記の粘土鉱物は、鉱物構造上、基本的に
は、酸化珪素が酸化アルミニウムをはさんだサンドウイ
ッチ構造をしており、これを単位層として、多層に重な
りあったものが主構成物であり、この単位層の酸化珪素
側は多量のアニオン荷電を有しているため、単位層が重
なると電気的に反発しあい、その結果、その層間部分が
伸縮自在になると同時に、永久アニオン荷電を有するた
め陽イオン交換能が生じ、通常、陽イオンとしては１価
金属イオンを有する場合が多い。The clay mineral basically has a sandwich structure in which silicon oxide sandwiches aluminum oxide in terms of a mineral structure, and the main constituent is a multilayer structure in which this is a unit layer. Since the silicon oxide side of this unit layer has a large amount of anion charge, when the unit layers overlap, they electrically repel each other, and as a result, the interlayer portion becomes elastic and at the same time the permanent anion charge is Since it has a cation exchange ability, it usually has a monovalent metal ion as the cation.
【００１１】本発明では、この粘土鉱物を２価金属イオ
ンで置換することにより変成したものを用いるか、或い
は前記粘土鉱物を２価金属化合物と共に用いる。この変
成した粘土鉱物を以下「変成粘土鉱物」という。その変
成は、前記粘土鉱物を２価金属イオンを放出する２価金
属化合物の溶液に浸漬して、粘土鉱物中の１価金属イオ
ンを２価金属イオンにより置換あるいは粘土鉱物に２価
金属化合物を添加混合することにより行うのが良い。２
価金属化合物としては、カルシウム、マグネシウム、バ
リウムなどの水溶性塩を用いるのが好ましい。これらの
中、カルシウムの塩を用いるのが好ましく、例えば塩化
カルシウムなどが用いられる。In the present invention, a clay mineral modified by substituting it with a divalent metal ion is used, or the clay mineral is used together with a divalent metal compound. This metamorphic clay mineral is hereinafter referred to as "metamorphic clay mineral". The modification is performed by immersing the clay mineral in a solution of a divalent metal compound that releases a divalent metal ion, and replacing the monovalent metal ion in the clay mineral with the divalent metal ion or adding the divalent metal compound to the clay mineral. It is good to add and mix. Two
As the valent metal compound, it is preferable to use a water-soluble salt such as calcium, magnesium or barium. Among these, it is preferable to use a calcium salt, for example, calcium chloride.
【００１２】汚泥又はその脱水ケーキに粘土鉱物と２価
金属化合物とを添加するに当たっては、この両者を同時
に加えても、別々に加えても良く、別々に加える際には
粘土鉱物を先に加えても良く、またその逆に２価金属化
合物を先に加えても良い。また、前記粘土鉱物と２価金
属化合物とを添加する場合には、粘土鉱物１００重量部
に対して２価金属化合物を５〜３０重量部用いるのが好
ましいが、その添加割合は粘土鉱物或いは２価金属化合
物の種類によっても異なる。When the clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are added to the sludge or the dehydrated cake thereof, both of them may be added simultaneously or separately. When adding them separately, the clay mineral is added first. Alternatively, the divalent metal compound may be added first. When the clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are added, it is preferable to use the divalent metal compound in an amount of 5 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the clay mineral. It also depends on the type of valent metal compound.
【００１３】前記の変成粘土鉱物、或いは粘土鉱物と２
価金属化合物の汚泥に対する添加量は、汚泥又は変成粘
土鉱物などの性状、特に汚泥の性状によって異なるが、
無機汚泥の場合には比較的少なく、有機物が増えるにし
たがい多くなり、添加する変成粘土鉱物の量、又は粘土
鉱物と２価金属化合物との合計量は、例えば汚泥の固形
分に対して５〜１００重量％を用いるのがよく、１０〜
５０重量％が好ましい。一般的には多い方が好ましい。
同時に添加する２価金属化合物の添加量は、基本的には
陽イオン交換に必要な量であればよいが、汚泥によって
はｐＨが酸性のものもあり、好ましくはｐＨが中性以上
になるように添加した方がよく、粘土鉱物に対して５〜
３０重量％、特に１０〜２０重量％が好ましく、また汚
泥の固形物に対しては２〜５０％が適当である。なお、
これらの場合、高分子凝集剤を併用することもでき、そ
の高分子凝集剤としては既に知られているものならば、
いずれをも用いることができる。The above-mentioned modified clay mineral or clay mineral and 2
The amount of the valent metal compound added to the sludge varies depending on the properties of the sludge or the modified clay mineral, etc., especially the properties of the sludge,
In the case of inorganic sludge, the amount is relatively small and increases as the amount of organic matter increases. It is preferable to use 100% by weight,
50% by weight is preferred. Generally, the larger the number, the more preferable.
The amount of the divalent metal compound added at the same time may be basically the amount required for cation exchange, but some sludges have an acidic pH, and preferably the pH is neutral or higher. It is better to add to 5 to clay minerals
30% by weight, particularly 10 to 20% by weight is preferable, and 2 to 50% is suitable for the solid matter of sludge. In addition,
In these cases, a polymer flocculant can be used in combination, and if the polymer flocculant is already known,
Either can be used.
【００１４】前述したように、汚泥に前記の変成粘土鉱
物或いは粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物を添加した後、脱水
する。その脱水手段としては、濾過、遠心分離、ベルト
プレス、フィルタープレスなどの周知の分離手段を用い
ることができる。そして、その脱水操作によって生成し
た脱水ケーキを一定時間放置する。その放置時間は、脱
水ケーキが固化の程度を高めるに十分な時間とする。な
お、脱水ケーキに前期変成粘土鉱物、或いは粘土鉱物と
２価金属化合物を添加しても良い。As described above, the modified clay mineral or clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are added to the sludge and then dehydrated. As the dehydrating means, known separating means such as filtration, centrifugal separation, belt press, filter press and the like can be used. Then, the dehydrated cake generated by the dehydration operation is left for a certain period of time. The leaving time is sufficient for increasing the degree of solidification of the dehydrated cake. In addition, the early-stage modified clay mineral or the clay mineral and a divalent metal compound may be added to the dehydrated cake.
【００１５】汚泥に前記変成粘土鉱物、或いは粘土鉱物
と２価金属化合物を添加する場合、汚泥への分散性を良
くするためにスラリー状にしたものを添加した方がよ
い。添加順序はどちらを先に添加してもよく、また同時
に添加しても、予め混合したものを添加してもよい。更
に、前記変成粘土鉱物等を添加する場合、汚泥にではな
く、汚泥の脱水ケーキに添加してもよく、その場合には
通常粉末状で添加するが、ニーダー等で脱水ケーキと十
分混合する必要がある。When the above-mentioned modified clay mineral or the clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are added to the sludge, it is preferable to add a slurry in order to improve the dispersibility in the sludge. As for the order of addition, whichever may be added first, may be added at the same time, or may be added in advance as a mixture. Furthermore, when the modified clay mineral or the like is added, it may be added not to the sludge but to the dehydrated cake of the sludge. In that case, it is usually added in powder form, but it is necessary to sufficiently mix it with the dehydrated cake with a kneader or the like. There is.
【００１６】[0016]
【作用】本発明で用いる粘土鉱物はその構造上、層間が
伸縮自在になっており、本発明はその性質を利用するも
のであるが、ここで用いる粘土鉱物は天然ものでは陽イ
オンが通常１価金属であるため、２価金属の陽イオンを
有する２価金属化合物を加えて陽イオン交換をする必要
があるが、粘土鉱物がもともと２価金属イオンを含有す
るものであれば、特に陽イオン交換をする必要はない
（そのような粘土鉱物も前記の「変成粘土鉱物」に含め
る）。The clay mineral used in the present invention has a structure in which the layers are stretchable and contractible, and the present invention utilizes this property. However, in the clay mineral used here, the cation is usually 1 Since it is a valent metal, it is necessary to add a divalent metal compound having a cation of a divalent metal to perform cation exchange. However, if the clay mineral originally contains a divalent metal ion, a cation is particularly preferable. There is no need for replacement (such clay minerals are also included in the above “metamorphic clay mineral”).
【００１７】この１価型と２価型との相違は、１価型の
場合、非常に親水性があり、水が加わると著しく膨張す
るが、２価型となると親水性が減少し、膨潤度合が著し
く減少する。このため、本発明では、含有させる陽イオ
ンとしては２価金属であることが重要であり、その陽イ
オン交換に用いる２価金属化合物としては、２価金属イ
オンを含むものであればその種類、有機物、無機物であ
るかはとわないが、なかでもカルシウム、マグネシウム
等の化合物であることが好ましい。The difference between the monovalent type and the divalent type is that the monovalent type is very hydrophilic and swells significantly when water is added, but the divalent type reduces the hydrophilicity and swells. The degree is significantly reduced. For this reason, in the present invention, it is important that the cation to be contained is a divalent metal, and the divalent metal compound used for the cation exchange may be any kind as long as it contains a divalent metal ion. It does not matter whether it is an organic substance or an inorganic substance, but it is preferable to use a compound such as calcium or magnesium.
【００１８】本発明では、前記の変成粘土鉱物等を汚泥
に添加することにより、その脱水操作の後において自己
脱水の作用を生じる。この自己脱水のメカニズムについ
て述べると、汚泥に添加し脱水することにより汚泥粒子
と２価金属イオンによる粘土鉱物との架橋が始まる。こ
の架橋作用により粘土鉱物の前記伸縮部に電気的な変位
が生じ、層間格子に変形が起き、また、吸着された水の
配位状況が変化して親水性が減少し、その結果、吸着し
ていた水が放出され、層間部が自己収縮する。粘土鉱物
格子間に閉じ込められた汚泥粒子は粘土鉱物の収縮に伴
い脱水されることになり、脱水が進むにしたがい架橋が
強化され、固化が進行する。In the present invention, by adding the above-mentioned modified clay mineral and the like to sludge, the action of self-dehydration occurs after the dehydration operation. The mechanism of this self-dehydration will be described. When it is added to sludge and dehydrated, the sludge particles are cross-linked with the clay mineral by the divalent metal ions. This cross-linking action causes an electrical displacement in the stretchable part of the clay mineral, causing a deformation in the inter-layer lattice, and also changes the coordination state of the adsorbed water to reduce the hydrophilicity, resulting in adsorption. The water that had been released is released, and the interlayer portion self-contracts. The sludge particles trapped between the clay mineral lattices are dehydrated as the clay mineral shrinks, and as the dehydration progresses, the crosslinking is strengthened and solidification proceeds.
【００１９】従って、汚泥から処理する場合には、脱水
操作により粘土鉱物が汚泥とよく接触させる必要がある
が、それに使用する脱水機に制約はなく、また以下の実
施例ではベルトプレスを使用するため有機高分子凝集剤
を使用し凝集させているが、機種、汚泥の種類によって
は必ずしも、有機高分子凝集剤を必要とするものではな
い。また脱水ケーキに前期の変成粘土鉱物を添加混合す
ることにより自己脱水の作用が生じる。Therefore, when treating sludge, it is necessary to bring the clay mineral into good contact with the sludge by a dehydration operation, but there is no restriction on the dehydrator used for it, and a belt press is used in the following examples. Therefore, the organic polymer coagulant is used for coagulation, but the organic polymer coagulant is not always necessary depending on the model and the type of sludge. In addition, the action of self-dehydration occurs by adding and mixing the modified clay mineral of the previous period to the dehydrated cake.
【００２０】自己脱水、固化を完了させるためには一定
時間放置しなければならないが、化学的に２価金属の架
橋作用の促進を図ることや、物理的に熱風を送り込んだ
り、その環境を除湿することによりその作用を促進さ
せ、短時間で脱水固化を完了させることもできる。ま
た、固化物はかなりの破壊強度を保有すると同時に、水
に接しても再分散したり破壊されることもなく、吸水
性、保水性が高いため種々の有効利用方法が考えられ、
目的にあった形状に成形したのち固化するのも一方法で
あり、さらに、有害物を封じ込める手段としても利用で
きる。To complete self-dehydration and solidification, it must be left for a certain period of time, but it is necessary to chemically promote the crosslinking action of the divalent metal, physically blow hot air, or dehumidify the environment. By doing so, the action can be promoted and the dehydration and solidification can be completed in a short time. Further, the solidified material has a considerable breaking strength, at the same time it is not re-dispersed or broken even when it comes into contact with water, and since water absorption and water retention are high, various effective utilization methods are conceivable.
One of the methods is to mold it into a shape suitable for the purpose and then solidify it, and it can also be used as a means for containing harmful substances.
【００２１】[0021]
【実施例】以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明す
る。ただし、本発明はこの実施例に限定されるものでは
ない。 実施例１ 固化する汚泥として下水混合生汚泥を用い、その汚泥濃
度は１７．２ｇ／リットルであった。添加する粘土鉱物
としてはベントナイト（モンモリロナイトが主成分）を
使用し、その添加率を汚泥の固形物に対して２０％と
し、またそれとともに加える２価金属化合物として消石
灰を用い、その添加率を汚泥の固形物に対して４％とし
た。汚泥の脱水に脱水機としてベルトプレスを用いたた
め、ベントナイトおよび消石灰を添加混合後、有機高分
子化合物凝集剤（添加率０．７％）を添加して脱水し
た。EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Example 1 Sewage mixed raw sludge was used as the sludge to be solidified, and the sludge concentration was 17.2 g / liter. Bentonite (mainly montmorillonite) was used as the clay mineral to be added, and its addition rate was 20% with respect to the solid matter of sludge, and slaked lime was used as the divalent metal compound added with it, and the addition rate was sludge. To 4% of solids. Since a belt press was used as a dehydrator for dewatering the sludge, bentonite and slaked lime were added and mixed, and then an organic polymer compound flocculant (addition rate 0.7%) was added for dewatering.
【００２２】比較対象として、有機高分子化合物凝集剤
のみを添加（添加率０．７％）した場合（比較例１）、
ベントナイト（添加率２０％）と有機高分子凝集剤（添
加率０．７％）とを添加した場合（比較例２）について
も脱水を行った。その脱水により得られた脱水ケーキの
含水率は、各々のケーキ含水率がほぼ同等となるように
脱水条件を調整した結果、比較例１及び２で７８．５
％、７９．１％であり、本発明の場合で７８．２％とな
った。For comparison, when only the organic polymer compound flocculant was added (addition rate 0.7%) (Comparative Example 1),
Dehydration was also performed in the case where bentonite (addition rate 20%) and an organic polymer coagulant (addition rate 0.7%) were added (Comparative Example 2). As for the water content of the dehydrated cake obtained by the dehydration, as a result of adjusting the dehydration conditions so that the water content of each cake was almost the same, 78.5 in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
%, 79.1%, and in the case of the present invention, it was 78.2%.
【００２３】次に、各々の脱水ケーキ２０ｇを約１８時
間放置し、時間の経過に伴う固化状態、ケーキ含水率
（重量）の変化を測定した。その結果を表１に示すが、
放置した環境は湿度５４％、温度２２℃であった。Next, 20 g of each dehydrated cake was allowed to stand for about 18 hours, and changes in the solidified state and cake water content (weight) over time were measured. The results are shown in Table 1,
The environment that was left was a humidity of 54% and a temperature of 22 ° C.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 この測定においては、大気中に放置しているため、乾燥
による水分の蒸発があり、有機高分子凝集剤のみを添加
した比較例１の場合、含水率低下はもっぱら乾燥による
ものである。一方、粘土鉱物は添加するが、２価金属化
合物を添加しない比較例２の場合も、その含水率の低下
は有機高分子凝集剤のみ添加の場合と同様であって、自
己収縮現象は認められなかった。ところが、本発明の場
合、表１より明らかなように含水率の低下率が比較例１
及び２の場合より著しく高くなっており、乾燥以外に粘
土鉱物の自己収縮による脱水作用が働いている。[Table 1] In this measurement, since the sample was left in the air, there was evaporation of water due to drying, and in the case of Comparative Example 1 in which only the organic polymer coagulant was added, the decrease in water content was solely due to drying. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 2 in which the clay mineral was added but the divalent metal compound was not added, the decrease in water content was the same as in the case of adding only the organic polymer coagulant, and the self-shrinking phenomenon was recognized. There wasn't. However, in the case of the present invention, as is clear from Table 1, the decrease rate of the water content is comparative example 1.
It is significantly higher than in the cases of 2 and 2, and the dehydration action by the self-shrinkage of the clay mineral is exerted in addition to the drying.
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】本発明によれば、汚泥又はその脱水ケー
キを処理する際し、粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物を使用し
て、一定時間放置するだけで、粘土鉱物の自己収縮作用
により脱水が進むと同時に固化が進行し、少ないエネル
ギーで一挙に乾燥固化状態に導くことができる。この固
化物は水に接しても再分散したり破壊されることもな
く、吸水性、保水性が高いため種々の分野で有効に利用
することが可能であり、埋め立てに廻される量が減るの
で、処分地対策の一助となる。また、本発明により処理
された汚泥は固化状態であるため、取扱が非常に容易で
ある。EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, when treating sludge or its dehydrated cake, the clay mineral and the divalent metal compound are used and the dehydration is carried out by the self-shrinking action of the clay mineral, simply by allowing it to stand for a certain period of time. Solidification progresses at the same time, and it is possible to lead to a dry solidification state at once with a small amount of energy. This solidified product is not redispersed or destroyed even when it comes into contact with water, and since it has high water absorption and water retention, it can be effectively used in various fields, and the amount sent to landfill is reduced. , Will help the disposal site measures. Moreover, since the sludge treated by the present invention is in a solidified state, it is very easy to handle.
Claims (2)
とし陽イオン交換性を有する粘土鉱物を２価金属イオン
で置換して変成した粘土鉱物を、汚泥に添加するか、或
いは前記粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物とを汚泥に添加して
脱水した後、一定時間放置することを特徴とする汚泥の
処理方法。1. A clay mineral which is composed mainly of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide and has a cation exchangeability is replaced with a divalent metal ion, and the modified clay mineral is added to sludge, or the clay mineral and the divalent metal are added. A method for treating sludge, which comprises adding a metal compound to sludge for dehydration, and then leaving it for a certain period of time.
とし陽イオン交換性を有する粘土鉱物を２価金属イオン
で置換して変成した粘土鉱物を、汚泥の脱水ケーキに添
加するか、或いは前記粘土鉱物と２価金属化合物とを汚
泥の脱水ケーキに添加して脱水した後、一定時間放置す
ることを特徴とする汚泥の処理方法。2. A clay mineral mainly composed of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide and having a cation exchangeability is replaced with a divalent metal ion to add a modified clay mineral to a dehydrated cake of sludge, or the clay mineral. And a divalent metal compound are added to a dehydrated cake of sludge for dehydration, and the mixture is allowed to stand for a certain period of time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3358226A JPH0749120B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Sludge treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3358226A JPH0749120B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Sludge treatment method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0623399A true JPH0623399A (en) | 1994-02-01 |
| JPH0749120B2 JPH0749120B2 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
Family
ID=18458195
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3358226A Expired - Fee Related JPH0749120B2 (en) | 1991-12-27 | 1991-12-27 | Sludge treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0749120B2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5794400A (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1982-06-11 | Soichi Nagahara | Sludge treatment of waste water |
-
1991
- 1991-12-27 JP JP3358226A patent/JPH0749120B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5794400A (en) * | 1980-12-03 | 1982-06-11 | Soichi Nagahara | Sludge treatment of waste water |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0749120B2 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
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