JPH06230602A - Magnetic toner and image forming method - Google Patents
Magnetic toner and image forming methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06230602A JPH06230602A JP5015424A JP1542493A JPH06230602A JP H06230602 A JPH06230602 A JP H06230602A JP 5015424 A JP5015424 A JP 5015424A JP 1542493 A JP1542493 A JP 1542493A JP H06230602 A JPH06230602 A JP H06230602A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- binder resin
- height
- image
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は電子写真法、磁気記録法
等に用いる磁性トナー及び加熱加圧定着方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic toner used in electrophotography, magnetic recording and the like, and a heating and pressure fixing method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電子写真法においては、アモルファス・
シリコン、セレン、有機光導電体等の光導電体の性質を
利用して、静電潜像を形成する。例えば光導電体層上に
一様に電荷を付与し、画像露光を施して静電潜像を形成
し、ついで前記静電潜像を荷電性のトナー粉末で現像
し、更に記録体上に転写し、定着する。2. Description of the Related Art In electrophotography, amorphous
An electrostatic latent image is formed by utilizing the properties of photoconductors such as silicon, selenium, and organic photoconductors. For example, a charge is uniformly applied on the photoconductive layer, imagewise exposure is performed to form an electrostatic latent image, then the electrostatic latent image is developed with a chargeable toner powder, and further transferred onto a recording medium. And settle.
【０００３】このうち、定着工程では、近年、複写機の
効率化、省エネルギー化、及び小型高速高性能化に伴い
熱効率の高いヒートロール型の定着方法が大勢を占める
にいたっている。この方法は、熱源を内蔵した回転可能
な熱ローラーと、この熱ローラーと圧接しながら同一方
向に回転する加圧ローラーとにより構成された接触加熱
定着方式である。Of these, in the fixing step, a heat roll type fixing method having a high thermal efficiency has been dominated in recent years as the copying machine becomes more efficient, more energy efficient, and smaller and faster. This method is a contact heating fixing system that is composed of a rotatable heat roller having a built-in heat source and a pressure roller that rotates in the same direction while being in pressure contact with the heat roller.
【０００４】ヒートロール定着方法はこのように種々の
点で好ましいものであるが、この方法においては、記録
体上のトナー像と定着用熱ローラーとが直接接触するた
めに、トナーが熱ローラー表面上に付着し、後続のトナ
ー像を担持した記録体に再付着して定着画像が汚れる、
すなわちオフセット現像、という問題点がある。従来、
この熱ローラーに付着したトナーを取り除くために、ク
リーニングウェーブ、クリーニングブレード、クリーニ
ングローラー等のクリーニング部材でクリーニングして
除去することが行われている。The heat roll fixing method is thus preferable in various points. In this method, however, the toner image on the recording medium and the fixing heat roller are in direct contact with each other, so that the toner is on the surface of the heat roller. It adheres to the top and reattaches to the recording material carrying the subsequent toner image, and the fixed image becomes dirty,
That is, there is a problem of offset development. Conventionally,
In order to remove the toner attached to the heat roller, cleaning is performed with a cleaning member such as a cleaning wave, a cleaning blade, and a cleaning roller.
【０００５】更に、ヒートロール定着方法に好ましいト
ナーも提案されている。例えば、特公昭５１−２３３５
４号公報には、架橋剤と分子量調整剤を加え、架橋した
ビニル系重合体からなるトナーが提案され、特公昭５５
−６８０５号公報には、α、β−不飽和エチレン系単量
体を構成単位とした重量平均分子量と数平均分子量との
比が３．５〜４０となるように分子量分布を調整したト
ナーが提案され、更に、ガラス転移点（Ｔｇ．）、分子
量、及びゲルコンテント等を特定したトナーが提案され
ている。また、特開昭５８−１６２５０号公報等には低
分子量ポリオレフィン等のワックス類を添加して熱ロー
ラーでのオフセット現像を軽減する方法が提案されてい
る。Further, a toner suitable for the heat roll fixing method has been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-2335
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4 proposes a toner composed of a vinyl polymer obtained by adding a cross-linking agent and a molecular weight modifier to the cross-linked vinyl polymer.
No. 6805 discloses a toner in which the molecular weight distribution is adjusted so that the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight of an α, β-unsaturated ethylenic monomer as a constituent unit is 3.5 to 40. A toner having a glass transition point (Tg.), A molecular weight, a gel content and the like specified has been proposed. Further, JP-A-58-16250 proposes a method of adding a wax such as low molecular weight polyolefin to reduce offset development on a heat roller.
【０００６】しかし、これらの方法を単独で用いても改
善すべき点がいくつかあり、これら方法の中から幾つか
を組み合わせ、実用上問題のないレベルに到達している
のが現状である。However, even if these methods are used alone, there are some points to be improved, and it is the current situation that some of these methods are combined to reach a level where there is no practical problem.
【０００７】一方、画像面を汚すという問題としては、
次のようなケースもクローズアップされて来ている。す
なわち、近年、環境問題に対する意識の高揚に従い、複
写機で記録媒体として使用する紙の使用量の削減が求め
られ、紙の使用量を減らす方法として、紙の表と裏とに
複写画像を形成する両面コピーの必要性が高まってい
る。しかし、両面コピーでは、一面目のコピーを終了し
た画像を中間トレイに多数枚収納し、二面目をコピーす
るため上記中間トレイから逐次一枚ずつ給紙する時に、
給紙系のローラー等により紙同士が強く擦り合わされ、
既に形成されている一面目の画像が対向し背面となる二
面目に付着し、二面目の画像面を汚す等の両面コピー特
有な問題点がある。On the other hand, as a problem of soiling the image surface,
Cases such as the following have also been highlighted. That is, in recent years, with the increasing awareness of environmental issues, it has been required to reduce the amount of paper used as a recording medium in a copying machine, and as a method of reducing the amount of paper used, a copy image is formed on the front and back of the paper. The need for double-sided copying is increasing. However, in double-sided copying, when a large number of images that have been copied on the first side are stored in the intermediate tray, and when one sheet is sequentially fed from the intermediate tray to copy the second side,
Papers are strongly rubbed against each other by the rollers of the paper feeding system,
There is a problem peculiar to double-sided copying in that the image of the first side that has already been formed faces the second side, which is the back side, to stain the image side of the second side.
【０００８】特開昭６２−８５２５９号公報にこのよう
な問題を解決する方法が提案されているが、これは特に
このような問題を起こし易いポリエステルトナーの改良
を計ったものであり、いまだ改良すべき点を有してい
る。Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-85259 proposes a method for solving such a problem, but this is an improvement of a polyester toner which is particularly prone to such a problem, and is still improved. Have a point to do.
【０００９】特に、磁性トナーでは、トナー中に磁性体
をおよそ３０ｗｔ％以上含有させる必要があり、トナー
中の無機物質の量が多く、定着後も紙上の画像表面の摩
擦係数が高めとなり、上述のような紙間での画像汚れを
引き起こし易い。また、磁性トナーを用いた現像方法で
は、磁場中で行われる現像において、磁性トナーが連な
った状態で挙動して感光体上の潜像にうずたかく現像さ
れ、次の転写工程でそのうずたかい状態を保持したまま
記録紙上に転写される。更に、磁性トナーでオフセット
対策を施すと、溶融粘度が高いために、定着時のトナー
粒子の変形が起こりずらくなり、記録紙上にうずたかく
転写されたトナー像は定着されてもほぼその高さのまま
であり、記録紙上に盛り上がった状態のトナー像は両面
コピー時の紙間で激しく擦り合わされ画像汚れを引き起
こし易い。Particularly, in the case of a magnetic toner, it is necessary to contain a magnetic substance in the toner in an amount of about 30 wt% or more, the amount of the inorganic substance in the toner is large, and the coefficient of friction of the image surface on the paper becomes high even after fixing. It is easy to cause image smearing between paper sheets. Further, in the developing method using the magnetic toner, in the development performed in the magnetic field, the magnetic toner behaves in a continuous state so that the latent image on the photoconductor is dully developed, and the dulled state is removed in the next transfer step. It is transferred onto the recording paper while holding it. Furthermore, if offset measures are taken with a magnetic toner, the toner particles are less likely to be deformed at the time of fixing due to the high melt viscosity, and even if the toner image that has been tentatively transferred onto the recording paper is fixed, the height is almost the same. However, the toner image in a state of being raised on the recording paper is easily rubbed between the papers at the time of double-sided copying to easily cause image stain.
【００１０】また、高速複写機では、定着時の熱ローラ
ーの加熱用に使用できる電力量が、低速機に比べてより
少なく、定着性が不十分となり易いので、これら種々の
画像汚れが目立つようになる。Further, in a high-speed copying machine, the amount of electric power that can be used for heating the heat roller at the time of fixing is smaller than that in the low-speed machine, and the fixability is likely to be insufficient, so that various image stains are conspicuous. become.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、本発明の目的
は、高速複写機においても複写画像に汚れを発生しない
磁性トナー及び画像形成方法を提供することにある。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic toner and an image forming method which do not stain a copied image even in a high speed copying machine.
【００１２】本発明の目的は、両面コピー時の二面目の
画像に汚れを生じない磁性トナー及び画像形成方法を提
供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner and an image forming method which do not stain the image on the second side during double-sided copying.
【００１３】本発明の更なる目的は、定着時のオフセッ
ト現像による画像汚れの発生のない磁性トナー及び画像
形成方法を提供することにある。A further object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic toner and an image forming method in which no image stain is caused by offset development during fixing.
【００１４】[0014]
【課題を解決するための手段及び作用】本発明は、少な
くとも結着樹脂及び磁性粉を含有する磁性トナーにおい
て、少なくとも熱ローラーと加圧ローラーとから構成さ
れる定着装置を通す前の記録体上のトナー像の高さ ｈ
1 と、該定着装置を通過後の記録体上のトナー像の高さ
ｈ2 が、 ２≦ｈ1 ／ｈ2 ≦１０ の条件を満たすことを特徴とする磁性トナーに関する。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a magnetic toner containing at least a binder resin and magnetic powder on a recording medium before passing through a fixing device including at least a heat roller and a pressure roller. Toner image height h
1 and the height h 2 of the toner image on the recording body after passing through the fixing device satisfy the condition of 2 ≦ h 1 / h 2 ≦ 10.
【００１５】さらに、本発明は、少なくとも結着樹脂及
び磁性粉を含有する磁性トナーから形成された高さｈ1
のトナー像を表面に有する記録材を、少なくとも熱ロー
ラーと加圧ローラーとから構成される加熱加圧定着手段
を通過させ、高さｈ2 の定着トナー像を形成する画像形
成方法であり、定着前のトナー像の高さｈ1 と定着後の
トナー像の高さｈ2 とが下記条件 ２≦ｈ1 ／ｈ2 ≦１０ を満足するようにトナー像を定着することを特徴とする
画像形成方法に関する。Further, according to the present invention, a height h 1 formed from a magnetic toner containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic powder.
An image forming method of forming a fixed toner image having a height h 2 by passing the recording material having the toner image on the surface thereof through a heating and pressure fixing unit including at least a heat roller and a pressure roller. image forming, characterized in that the front of the height h 1 of the toner image and the height h 2 of the toner image after fixing for fixing a toner image so as to satisfy the following condition 2 ≦ h 1 / h 2 ≦ 10 Regarding the method.
【００１６】特に、該結着樹脂が、ゲルパーミエーショ
ンクロマトグラムにおける分子量分布において分子量３
０，０００〜１，０００，０００の領域に極小点を持
ち、分子量分布を該極小点で２分割した時に、低分子量
側の結着樹脂成分（Ａ）の重量平均分子量が５，０００
〜２０，０００であり、高分子量側の結着樹脂成分
（Ｂ）の重量平均分子量が５００，０００〜５，００
０，０００であり、結着樹脂成分（Ａ）と（Ｂ）との割
合が１５：１〜７：３である結着樹脂を用いることによ
り一層効果的に達成される。In particular, the binder resin has a molecular weight of 3 in the molecular weight distribution in the gel permeation chromatogram.
When the molecular weight distribution has a minimum point in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and the molecular weight distribution is divided into two, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (A) on the low molecular weight side is 5,000.
To 20,000, and the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (B) on the high molecular weight side is 500,000 to 5,000.
It is more effectively achieved by using a binder resin having a weight ratio of 10,000 and a ratio of the binder resin components (A) and (B) of 15: 1 to 7: 3.
【００１７】熱ローラー定着時に、磁性トナー像の高さ
が低くなるので、両面コピー時の紙間の摩擦力が小さく
押えられ両面コピー時でも汚れを発生ずらくなる。特
に、未定着時の磁性トナー像の高さｈ1 が、熱ローラー
定着装置で定着した後の高さｈ2 との比が３から１０の
範囲にあると、定着後の磁性トナーが他の紙と擦り合っ
ても削り取りにくい高さまで変形でき、更に定着後の磁
性トナー像表面も定着時に変形により平滑な表面状態に
変化し、一層、両面コピー時の画像汚れを防止する効果
が高まる。Since the height of the magnetic toner image is lowered at the time of fixing with the heat roller, the frictional force between the sheets at the time of double-sided copying is suppressed and the stain is less likely to occur even at the time of double-sided copying. In particular, when the height h 1 of the magnetic toner image when unfixed is in the range of 3 to 10 with respect to the height h 2 after fixing by the heat roller fixing device, the magnetic toner after fixing has a different height. It can be deformed to a height that is difficult to scrape even if it is rubbed against paper, and the surface of the magnetic toner image after fixing is changed to a smooth surface state due to deformation during fixing, and the effect of preventing image smearing during double-sided copying is further enhanced.
【００１８】ｈ1 ／ｈ2 が２未満になると、定着後の画
像の高さが高すぎて両面コピー時に画像汚れを生じやす
く、ｈ1 ／ｈ2 が１０を越えると、定着時の溶融粘度が
低過ぎてオフセットを発生し易くなり、好ましくない。If h 1 / h 2 is less than 2, the height of the image after fixing is too high and image stains are likely to occur during double-sided copying. If h 1 / h 2 exceeds 10, the melt viscosity during fixing is high. Is too low to easily cause offset, which is not preferable.
【００１９】このような熱ローラー定着時の磁性トナー
の画像の高さの変化は、以下のような結着樹脂を使用し
た場合に得られる。The change in the height of the image of the magnetic toner at the time of fixing the heat roller is obtained when the following binder resin is used.
【００２０】結着樹脂としては、定着後のトナー像表面
の摩擦係数の低いスチレン系樹脂が好ましい。更に、ス
チレン系樹脂のうちでも、分子量分布において３０，０
００〜１，０００，０００の領域に極小点を有し、スチ
レン系樹脂の分子量分布を上記極小点にて２分割した場
合に、重量平均分子量が５，０００〜２０，０００の低
分子量側の結着樹脂成分（Ａ）と、重量平均分子量が５
００，０００〜５，０００，０００の高分子量側の結着
樹脂成分（Ｂ）とからなり、結着樹脂成分（Ａ）と
（Ｂ）とを１５：１〜７：３の割合で含有するスチレン
系樹脂がより好ましい。The binder resin is preferably a styrene resin having a low coefficient of friction on the toner image surface after fixing. Furthermore, among the styrene resins, the molecular weight distribution is 30,0.
When the styrene resin has a minimum point in the region of 0 to 1,000,000 and the molecular weight distribution of the styrene resin is divided into two at the above minimum point, the weight average molecular weight of the low molecular weight side is 5,000 to 20,000. Binder resin component (A) and weight average molecular weight of 5
It is composed of a binder resin component (B) on the high molecular weight side of 0,000 to 5,000,000, and contains the binder resin components (A) and (B) in a ratio of 15: 1 to 7: 3. Styrenic resins are more preferred.
【００２１】ここで、低分子量側の結着樹脂成分（Ａ）
の重量平均分子量が５，０００未満になると、結着樹脂
の機械的強度が低下し、帯電特性が劣るようになり、複
写時の耐久性に問題を生じやすく、一方、重量平均分子
量が２０，０００を越えると、定着時の溶融粘度が高め
となり、ｈ1 ／ｈ2 の変化率が２未満となり、更にトナ
ー製造時の粉砕工程での粉砕性を悪化し好ましくない。
一方、高分子量側の結着樹脂成分（Ｂ）の重量平均分子
量が５００，０００未満になると、定着時の溶融粘粘度
が低めとなり、熱ローラーの温度が温度調整の振れで著
しく高温になった場合に、オフセットを生じ易く、一
方、重量平均分子量が５，０００，０００を越えると、
製造時、粉砕工程での生産性が低下し好ましくない。Here, the binder resin component (A) on the low molecular weight side
When the weight average molecular weight is less than 5,000, the mechanical strength of the binder resin is lowered and the charging property is deteriorated, which may cause a problem in durability during copying. If it exceeds 000, the melt viscosity at the time of fixing becomes high, the rate of change of h 1 / h 2 becomes less than 2, and further the pulverizability in the pulverization step at the time of toner production is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
On the other hand, when the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (B) on the high molecular weight side is less than 500,000, the melt viscous viscosity at the time of fixing becomes low, and the temperature of the heat roller becomes extremely high due to fluctuations in temperature adjustment. In this case, offsetting is likely to occur, while if the weight average molecular weight exceeds 5,000,000,
At the time of production, the productivity in the crushing step is reduced, which is not preferable.
【００２２】上記のような２種の結着樹脂成分（Ａ）及
び（Ｂ）が分子量分布で、３０，０００〜１，０００，
０００の領域に極小点を有するようにすると、低分子量
樹脂成分（Ａ）が定着時に高分子量成分（Ｂ）に影響を
受けずに短時間で低溶融粘度化でき、記録紙が定着装置
を通過する瞬時の間に、磁性トナー像の高さをｈ1 ／ｈ
2 の割合が２以上に変化させることが可能になる。更
に、極小点の高さが、低分子量のピーク高さと比較して
１０％以下にすると、特に優れた結果が得られる。The above-mentioned two kinds of binder resin components (A) and (B) have a molecular weight distribution of 30,000 to 1,000,
By having a minimum point in the area of 000, the low molecular weight resin component (A) can be made to have a low melt viscosity in a short time without being affected by the high molecular weight component (B) during fixing, and the recording paper passes through the fixing device. The height of the magnetic toner image is changed to h 1 / h
Ratio of 2 is can be changed to two or more. Further, when the height of the minimum point is 10% or less as compared with the height of the low molecular weight peak, particularly excellent results are obtained.
【００２３】ここでいうスチレン系樹脂とは、スチレン
モノマーを主体とし、他のビニル系モノマーとを共重合
させたもので、ビニル系モノマーとしては、例えばアク
リル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸プロピ
ル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸オクチル、アクリル
酸２−エチルヘキシルのようなアクリリル酸エステル
類；メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタク
リル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸オ
クチル、メタクリル酸２−エチルヘキシルのようなメタ
クリル酸エステル類；アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレ
イン酸、フマル酸などのカルボキシル基を有する化合物
やその誘導体；エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレンのよう
なエチレン不飽和モノオレフィン類などがあり、これら
の中から単独で、或は混合物として適時選択し、スチレ
ン系樹脂を得ることができる。The styrene resin referred to here is a resin mainly composed of a styrene monomer and copolymerized with another vinyl monomer. Examples of the vinyl monomer include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and propyl acrylate. Acrylates such as butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate Methacrylic acid esters; compounds having a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and their derivatives; and ethylenically unsaturated monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, and butylene. Or And appropriately selected as a compound, it is possible to obtain a styrene resin.
【００２４】また、本発明のスチレン系樹脂には必要に
応じて架橋剤を使用してもよい。架橋剤としては、芳香
族ジビニル化合物（例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニ
ルナフタレンなど）；アルキル鎖で結ばれたジアクレー
ト化合物類（例えば、エチレングリコールジアクリレー
ト、１，３−ブチレングリコールジオアクリレートな
ど）；エーテル結合を含むアルキル鎖で結ばれたジアク
リレート化合物類（例えば、ジエチレングリコールジア
クリレート、トリエチレングリコールジアクリレートな
ど）等が挙げられる。これらの架橋剤のうちで、芳香族
ジビニル化合物（特にジビニルベンゼン）及びエーテル
結合を含む鎖で結ばれたジアクリレート化合物類が本発
明で好ましく用いられる。これら架橋剤の添加量として
は、０．００１〜１．０ｗｔ％が好ましく用いられる。If desired, a crosslinking agent may be used in the styrene resin of the present invention. As the cross-linking agent, an aromatic divinyl compound (eg, divinylbenzene, divinylnaphthalene, etc.); a diacrylate compound linked by an alkyl chain (eg, ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate, etc.); ether bond Examples thereof include diacrylate compounds linked by an alkyl chain containing (eg, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, etc.). Among these crosslinking agents, aromatic divinyl compounds (particularly divinylbenzene) and diacrylate compounds linked by a chain containing an ether bond are preferably used in the present invention. The addition amount of these crosslinking agents is preferably 0.001 to 1.0 wt%.
【００２５】本発明のスチレン系樹脂の合成方法の例と
しては、従来から知られている種々の２ピークタイプ結
着樹脂の合成方法が使用できる。その中でも各々の樹脂
成分を単独で合成し、溶液状態で両者を混合する方法が
好ましい。この方法はそれぞれの樹脂成分を単独で重合
するので、各々の成分の分子量調整が行い易く、目標と
する分子量分布のスチレン系樹脂を的確に調製できる。
更に、溶液中で混合するので、それぞれの樹脂成分を均
一に混ぜ合わせることができ、熱的、機械的に優れた特
性の結着樹脂が得られる。As an example of the method for synthesizing the styrene resin of the present invention, various conventionally known methods for synthesizing a two-peak type binder resin can be used. Among them, the method of synthesizing each resin component independently and mixing both in a solution state is preferable. In this method, each resin component is polymerized alone, so that the molecular weight of each component can be easily adjusted, and a styrene resin having a target molecular weight distribution can be accurately prepared.
Furthermore, since they are mixed in a solution, the respective resin components can be mixed uniformly, and a binder resin having excellent thermal and mechanical properties can be obtained.
【００２６】更に、本発明の磁性トナーに含まれる磁性
粉としては、マグネタイト、ヘマタイト、フェライトの
ような酸化鉄、及び他の金属酸化物を含む酸化鉄などの
磁性粉がある。これらの磁性粉は、平均粒径が０．１〜
０．５μｍ（より好ましくは、０．１〜０．３μｍ）で
あるのが好ましく、磁性トナー中に３０〜７０ｗｔ％含
有させると、現像特性等で優れた性能が得られる。Further, as the magnetic powder contained in the magnetic toner of the present invention, there are magnetic powders such as iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite and ferrite, and iron oxides containing other metal oxides. These magnetic powders have an average particle size of 0.1 to 0.1.
It is preferably 0.5 μm (more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 μm), and when it is contained in the magnetic toner in an amount of 30 to 70 wt%, excellent performance such as developing characteristics can be obtained.
【００２７】本発明の磁性トナーには、荷電制御剤を添
加して用いるのが好ましい。本発明に用いられる荷電制
御剤としては、例えば、ニグロシン及びその変性物、四
級アンモニウム塩、トリフェニルメタン系化合物、サル
チル酸系化合物の金属錯体、、或はモノアゾ染料化合物
の金属錯体等が好ましく用いられる。A charge control agent is preferably added to the magnetic toner of the present invention. As the charge control agent used in the present invention, for example, nigrosine and its modified products, quaternary ammonium salts, triphenylmethane compounds, metal complexes of salicylic acid compounds, or metal complexes of monoazo dye compounds are preferable. Used.
【００２８】また、本発明の磁性トナーには、クリーニ
ング特性や定着時のオフセット性を改良するため、低分
子量ポリオレフィンに代表されるワックス類を添加して
も良い。このようなワックス類としては、低分子量ポリ
エチレン、低分子量ポリプロピレン、低分子量ブチレン
−プロピレン共重合体、サゾールワックス等があり、磁
性トナー中に０．５〜５ｗｔ％添加するのが好ましく、
添加方法としては、前記結着樹脂を溶液中で加熱しなが
ら混ぜ合わせる時に混合するのが好ましい。このような
ワックス類を添加すると、結着樹脂溶液からの脱溶媒時
にワックス類が内部滑剤として働き高分子鎖の切断を防
ぎ、目的とする高分子量成分を含有させることが容易に
なる。In addition, waxes typified by low molecular weight polyolefins may be added to the magnetic toner of the present invention in order to improve cleaning properties and offset properties during fixing. Examples of such waxes include low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, low molecular weight butylene-propylene copolymer, and sazol wax, and it is preferable to add 0.5 to 5 wt% to the magnetic toner.
As a method of addition, it is preferable to mix the binder resins when they are mixed in a solution while heating. When such waxes are added, the waxes act as an internal lubricant at the time of removing the solvent from the binder resin solution to prevent the breakage of the polymer chain and facilitate the inclusion of the target high molecular weight component.
【００２９】また、本発明の磁性トナーには、必要に応
じて添加剤を混合しても良い。この様な添加剤として
は、テフロン微粒子、ポリフッ化ビニリデン微粒子、チ
タン酸ストロンチウム微粒子、疎水性コロイダルシリカ
微粒子等が挙げられる。If desired, the magnetic toner of the present invention may be mixed with additives. Examples of such additives include Teflon fine particles, polyvinylidene fluoride fine particles, strontium titanate fine particles, and hydrophobic colloidal silica fine particles.
【００３０】次に、本発明で用いられる加熱加圧定着に
使用される熱ローラーとしては、従来から用いられてい
るものが使用できる。例えば、芯金としてアルミニウム
や鉄を用いてローラーを作成し、その表面を離型性に優
れたフッ素系樹脂で被覆したものが好ましい。また、加
圧ローラーには、外層にシリコーンゴムやスポンジ層を
有するローラー、或はこれらの外層を更にフッ素系樹脂
で処理したローラー等が好ましく用いられる。Next, as the heat roller used in the heat and pressure fixing used in the present invention, those conventionally used can be used. For example, it is preferable that a roller is formed by using aluminum or iron as a core metal, and the surface thereof is coated with a fluororesin having excellent releasability. Further, as the pressure roller, a roller having a silicone rubber or sponge layer as an outer layer, or a roller obtained by further treating these outer layers with a fluororesin is preferably used.
【００３１】熱ローラーと加圧ローラーとは、総圧で５
０Ｋｇ以上の加重で圧接させられるのが好ましく、更に
７０Ｋｇ以上だと、よりよい結果が得られる。The heat roller and the pressure roller have a total pressure of 5
It is preferable that they are brought into pressure contact with each other with a load of 0 kg or more, and further, if 70 kg or more, better results are obtained.
【００３２】本発明で用いる加熱加圧定着装置にはクリ
ーニング部材を取りつけても構わない。クリーニング部
材としては、クリーニングウェブが好ましく、クリーニ
ングウェブとしては、耐熱性の布なら何でも構わない
が、高温でウェブにテンションを掛けながらウェブを送
るので、高テンションに耐えられるナイロン、テトロ
ン、ポリイミド、ポリアミド等耐熱性繊維の不織布が好
ましい。このような不織布に本発明の範囲のシリコーン
オイルを含浸し使用するのが良い。好ましいシリコーン
オイル含浸量としては、クリーニングウェブ１ｍ2 当り
５〜４０ｇのシリコーンオイルを含浸させるのが好まし
い（より好ましくは、１０〜３０ｇ／ｍ2 ）。シリコー
ンオイル量が５ｇ／ｍ2 未満だと、熱ローラーの離型性
の維持と両面コピー時のトナー像への滑性の付与が不十
分となりやすく好ましくなく、シリコーンオイル量が４
０ｇ／ｍ2 を越えると、クリーニングウェブから熱ロー
ラーへのシリコーンオイルの移行量が過多となりやす
く、記録紙にオイル染み等の画像欠陥を生ずるようにな
る。A cleaning member may be attached to the heating and pressing fixing device used in the present invention. As the cleaning member, a cleaning web is preferable, and as the cleaning web, any heat-resistant cloth may be used, but since the web is fed while tension is applied to the web at high temperature, nylon, tetron, polyimide, polyamide which can withstand high tension are used. A non-woven fabric of iso-heat resistant fibers is preferred. It is preferable to impregnate such a non-woven fabric with silicone oil within the scope of the present invention before use. As a preferable silicone oil impregnation amount, it is preferable to impregnate 5 to 40 g of silicone oil per 1 m 2 of the cleaning web (more preferably 10 to 30 g / m 2 ). When the amount of silicone oil is less than 5 g / m 2 , it is not preferable because the releasability of the heat roller is not maintained and the lubricity of the toner image during double-sided copying is insufficient.
If it exceeds 0 g / m 2 , the amount of silicone oil transferred from the cleaning web to the heat roller tends to be excessive, resulting in image defects such as oil stains on the recording paper.
【００３３】[0033]
【実施例】本発明を実施例に基づいて詳細に説明する。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail based on examples.
【００３４】〔実施例１〕スチレン−ブチルアクリレー
ト共重合体（モノマー重量比；８０：２０、重量平均分
子量（Ｍｗ）＝１１０００）８５重量部とスチレン−ブ
チルアクリレート−モノブチルマレート共重合体（モノ
マー比；６３．５：２８．５：８、Ｍｗ９６００００）
１５重量部とを加熱キシレン中で溶融混合し、更に、キ
シレン樹脂溶液中に低分子量ポリプロピレン４重量部を
添加し溶解混合した。得られた溶液からキシレンを減圧
しながら脱溶媒し、スチレン系樹脂を得た。Example 1 Styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer (monomer weight ratio: 80:20, weight average molecular weight (Mw) = 11,000) 85 parts by weight and styrene-butyl acrylate-monobutyl maleate copolymer ( Monomer ratio: 63.5: 28.5: 8, Mw 960000)
15 parts by weight were melt-mixed in heated xylene, and 4 parts by weight of low molecular weight polypropylene was further added to the xylene resin solution and dissolved and mixed. Xylene was depressurized from the obtained solution under reduced pressure to obtain a styrene resin.
【００３５】上記のスチレン系樹脂…１００重量部 マグネタイト…８０重量部 モノアゾ染料の金属錯体…２重量部 上記材料を予備混合した後、１２０℃に設定した２軸型
溶融混練押出機で混練し、得られた混練物を冷却後、粗
粉砕した。この粗粉砕物をジェット気流式微粉砕機で微
粉砕した後、コランダ効果を利用した多分割分級機に
て、４〜１２．７μｍの粒径の粒子を選択的に集め、重
量平均粒径が８．４μｍの磁性粒子が得られた。100 parts by weight of the above-mentioned styrene resin: 80 parts by weight of magnetite: 80 parts by weight of a metal complex of a monoazo dye: 2 parts by weight of the above materials. The obtained kneaded product was cooled and then roughly crushed. After finely pulverizing this coarsely pulverized product with a jet air flow type fine pulverizer, particles having a particle size of 4 to 12.7 μm are selectively collected by a multi-division classifier utilizing the Colanda effect, and the weight average particle size is 8 Magnetic particles of 0.4 μm were obtained.
【００３６】上記磁性粒子に疎水性コロイダルシリカを
０．６ｗｔ％添加して、磁性トナーを得た。0.6 wt% of hydrophobic colloidal silica was added to the above magnetic particles to obtain a magnetic toner.
【００３７】ＴＨＦを溶媒としたＧＰＣを用いて上記磁
性トナーの分子量分布を測定した。測定は以下のように
して行った。The molecular weight distribution of the above magnetic toner was measured using GPC using THF as a solvent. The measurement was performed as follows.
【００３８】４０℃のヒートチャンバー中でカラムを安
定化させ、この温度で溶媒としてＴＨＦ（テトラヒドロ
フラン）を毎分１ｍｌの流速で流し、ＴＨＦ試料溶液を
約１００μｌ注入して測定した。試料の分子量測定にあ
たっては、試料の有する分子量分布を数種の単分散ポリ
スチレン標準試料により作成された検量線の関係から算
出した。検量線用の標準ポリスチレン試料としては、例
えば東ソー社製、或は昭和電工社製の分子量が１０2 〜
１０7 程度のものを用い、少なくとも１０点程度の試料
を用いるのである。また、検出器にはＲＩ（屈折率）検
出器を使用した。なお、カラムは、昭和電工社製のＳｈ
ｏｄｅｘ ＧＰＣ ＫＦ−８０１、８０２、８０３、８
０４、８０５、８０６、８０７、８００Ｐの組み合わせ
を用いた。測定用試料は、樹脂成分の試料濃度が５ｍｇ
／ｍｌとなるように、磁性トナーをＴＨＦ中に入れ、６
時間放置して後十分に振とうしＴＨＦと良く混ぜ、更に
２４時間放置し、その後、ポアサイズ ０．４５〜０．
５μｍのサンプル処理フィルターを通過させて調整す
る。The column was stabilized in a heat chamber at 40 ° C., and THF (tetrahydrofuran) as a solvent was allowed to flow at a flow rate of 1 ml / min at this temperature, and about 100 μl of a THF sample solution was injected for measurement. In measuring the molecular weight of the sample, the molecular weight distribution of the sample was calculated from the relationship of the calibration curve prepared from several kinds of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples. As a standard polystyrene sample for a calibration curve, for example, a molecular weight of 10 2 ~ manufactured by Tosoh Corporation or Showa Denko KK
About 10 7 is used, and at least about 10 samples are used. An RI (refractive index) detector was used as the detector. The column is Sh from Showa Denko.
odex GPC KF-801, 802, 803, 8
A combination of 04, 805, 806, 807 and 800P was used. The measurement sample has a resin component sample concentration of 5 mg.
Magnetic toner in THF so that
After leaving it for a while, it is shaken thoroughly and mixed well with THF, and left for a further 24 hours, and then the pore size is 0.45 to 0.
Condition by passing through a 5 μm sample processing filter.
【００３９】このようにして測定した分子量分布におい
て、極小点はおよそ５０，０００にあり、極小点以下の
樹脂成分のＭｗは１０，５００であり、極小点以上の成
分のＭｗは８５０，０００であり、両者の面積比は８．
７：１．３であった。また、極小点の高さは低分子量成
分のピーク高さの３％以下であった。In the molecular weight distribution thus measured, the minimum point is at about 50,000, the Mw of the resin component below the minimum point is 10,500, and the Mw of the component above the minimum point is 850,000. Yes, the area ratio of both is 8.
It was 7: 1.3. The height of the minimum point was 3% or less of the peak height of the low molecular weight component.
【００４０】図１は本発明に用いられる定着装置の断面
図である。図中１は矢印方向に回転し得る熱ローラー
で、２は中空なアルミニウム芯金であり、３は上記中空
な芯金の外周の７０μｍの厚さのＰＦＡフッ素樹脂から
なる被覆層である。４は加熱用の熱源で、例えば８５０
ワットのハロゲンランプが内蔵されている。５は矢印方
向に回転し得る加圧ローラーで、６は中空な鉄心であ
り、７は中空な鉄心の外周の５ｍｍ厚の最外層に３０μ
ｍのＰＦＡチューブを有するシリコンゴム層であって、
加圧及び熱ローラー共に５０ｍｍφの外径のものが使用
されている。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fixing device used in the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a heat roller rotatable in the direction of the arrow, 2 is a hollow aluminum cored bar, and 3 is a coating layer made of PFA fluororesin having a thickness of 70 μm on the outer periphery of the hollow cored bar. 4 is a heat source for heating, for example, 850
It has a built-in watt halogen lamp. 5 is a pressure roller that can rotate in the direction of the arrow, 6 is a hollow iron core, and 7 is 30 μ in the outermost layer of 5 mm thickness on the outer circumference of the hollow iron core.
A silicone rubber layer having a PFA tube of m,
Both the pressure roller and the heat roller have an outer diameter of 50 mmφ.
【００４１】加圧ローラーと熱ローラーとに、総圧にし
て１１０Ｋｇの加重を加えた。A total pressure of 110 kg was applied to the pressure roller and the heat roller.
【００４２】また、８は１０，０００センチポイズのシ
リコーンオイルを２５ｇ／ｍ2 の割合で含浸させたポリ
エステル系の不織布であり、記録紙一枚当り０．０５ｍ
ｍのスピードで元巻きロール９より押圧ローラー１１を
介して巻き取りロール１０に掛け渡される。Numeral 8 is a polyester non-woven fabric impregnated with 10,000 centipoise of silicone oil at a rate of 25 g / m 2 , and 0.05 m per recording paper.
It is wound around the take-up roll 10 from the former winding roll 9 via the pressing roller 11 at a speed of m.
【００４３】上記の定着装置をＮＰ−６０６０（キヤノ
ン社製）に取りつけテストを行った。A test was conducted by mounting the above fixing device on NP-6060 (manufactured by Canon Inc.).
【００４４】未定着時のトナー像（ライン画像または文
字画像）の平均高さ ｈ1 は１３μｍであり、定着後の
トナー像の平均高さｈ2 は１．５μｍであり、ｈ1 ／ｈ
2 ＝８．７であった。The average height h 1 of the toner image (line image or character image) when unfixed is 13 μm, and the average height h 2 of the toner image after fixing is 1.5 μm, h 1 / h
2 = 8.7.
【００４５】更に、常温常湿下で１５万枚の両面コピー
の連続複写テストを行った。Further, a continuous copying test of 150,000 double-sided copies was conducted at room temperature and normal humidity.
【００４６】このテストにおいて、定着及び両面コピー
時のどちらも汚染のない良質な複写画像が得られた。In this test, a good quality copy image without contamination was obtained in both fixing and double-sided copying.
【００４７】更に、種々の条件を変えて行った結果を合
わせて表１に示す。Table 1 also shows the results obtained by changing various conditions.
【００４８】[0048]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００４９】[0049]
【発明の効果】本発明の磁性トナーを用いると、定着時
にオフセットや定着クリーニング部材からのオフセット
物の再流出による画像汚れを生じず、更に、両面コピー
時にも定着されたトナー像表面が滑性に富み、紙同士の
摩擦性も減少し、複写画像に汚れを発生しにくくなる。When the magnetic toner of the present invention is used, image stains due to offset and reflow of the offset material from the fixing cleaning member do not occur during fixing, and the fixed toner image surface is smooth even during double-sided copying. In addition, the friction between papers is reduced, and stains are less likely to occur on a copied image.
【図１】本発明で使用する加熱加圧定着装置の一例を示
す概略的な断面図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a heat and pressure fixing device used in the present invention.
１ 熱ローラー ５ 加圧ローラー ８ クリーニングウェブ １２ 記録紙 １３ 未定着のトナー像（高さｈ1 ） １４ 定着トナー像（高さｈ2 ）1 Heat Roller 5 Pressure Roller 8 Cleaning Web 12 Recording Paper 13 Unfixed Toner Image (Height h 1 ) 14 Fixed Toner Image (Height h 2 )
Claims (4)
る磁性トナーにおいて、少なくとも熱ローラーと加圧ロ
ーラーとから構成される定着装置を通す前の記録体上の
トナー像の高さ ｈ1 と、該定着装置を通過後の記録体
上のトナー像の高さ ｈ2 が、 ２≦ｈ1 ／ｈ2 ≦１０ の条件を満たすことを特徴とする磁性トナー。1. A magnetic toner containing at least a binder resin and magnetic powder, wherein a height h 1 of a toner image on a recording medium before passing through a fixing device including at least a heat roller and a pressure roller, A magnetic toner characterized in that a height h 2 of a toner image on a recording body after passing through the fixing device satisfies a condition of 2 ≦ h 1 / h 2 ≦ 10.
マトグラムにおける分子量分布において分子量３０，０
００〜１，０００，０００の領域に極小点を持ち、分子
量分布を該極小点で２分割した時に、低分子量側の結着
樹脂成分（Ａ）の重量平均分子量が５，０００〜２０，
０００であり、高分子量側の結着樹脂成分（Ｂ）の重量
平均分子量が５００，０００〜５，０００，０００であ
り、結着樹脂成分（Ａ）と（Ｂ）との割合が１５：１〜
７：３である請求項１の磁性トナー。2. The binder resin has a molecular weight of 30,0 in the molecular weight distribution in gel permeation chromatogram.
When the molecular weight distribution has a minimum point in the region of 0 to 1,000,000 and the molecular weight distribution is divided into two, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (A) on the low molecular weight side is 5,000 to 20,
000, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (B) on the high molecular weight side is 500,000 to 5,000,000, and the ratio of the binder resin components (A) and (B) is 15: 1. ~
The magnetic toner according to claim 1, which is 7: 3.
る磁性トナーから形成された高さｈ1 のトナー像を表面
に有する記録材を、少なくとも熱ローラーと加圧ローラ
ーとから構成される加熱加圧定着手段を通過させ、高さ
ｈ2 の定着トナー像を形成する画像形成方法であり、定
着前のトナー像の高さｈ1 と定着後のトナー像の高さｈ
2 とが下記条件 ２≦ｈ1 ／ｈ2 ≦１０ を満足するようにトナー像を定着することを特徴とする
画像形成方法。3. A recording material having a toner image of height h 1 formed from a magnetic toner containing at least a binder resin and magnetic powder on the surface thereof is heated by at least a heat roller and a pressure roller. This is an image forming method of forming a fixed toner image having a height h 2 by passing through a pressure fixing means. The height h 1 of the toner image before fixing and the height h of the toner image after fixing
2. The image forming method, wherein the toner image is fixed such that 2 satisfies the following condition 2 ≦ h 1 / h 2 ≦ 10.
マトグラムにおける分子量分布において分子量３０，０
００〜１，０００，０００の領域に極小点を持ち、分子
量分布を該極小点で２分割した時に、低分子量側の結着
樹脂成分（Ａ）の重量平均分子量が５，０００〜２０，
０００であり、高分子量側の結着樹脂成分（Ｂ）の重量
平均分子量が５００，０００〜５，０００，０００であ
り、結着樹脂成分（Ａ）と（Ｂ）との割合が１５：１〜
７：３である請求項３の画像形成方法。4. The binder resin has a molecular weight of 30,0 in the molecular weight distribution in a gel permeation chromatogram.
When the molecular weight distribution has a minimum point in the region of 0 to 1,000,000 and the molecular weight distribution is divided into two, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (A) on the low molecular weight side is 5,000 to 20,
000, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin component (B) on the high molecular weight side is 500,000 to 5,000,000, and the ratio of the binder resin components (A) and (B) is 15: 1. ~
The image forming method according to claim 3, wherein the image forming method is 7: 3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01542493A JP3437205B2 (en) | 1993-02-02 | 1993-02-02 | Image forming method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01542493A JP3437205B2 (en) | 1993-02-02 | 1993-02-02 | Image forming method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06230602A true JPH06230602A (en) | 1994-08-19 |
| JP3437205B2 JP3437205B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 |
Family
ID=11888396
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP01542493A Expired - Fee Related JP3437205B2 (en) | 1993-02-02 | 1993-02-02 | Image forming method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3437205B2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1039538A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-13 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image |
| US7153623B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2006-12-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming method using electrophotograhy, electrophotographic toner, and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2007023974A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| JP2011221527A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-11-04 | Xerox Corp | Imaging processes |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02273755A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1990-11-08 | Canon Inc | Magnetic toner |
| JPH03168786A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-07-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Heat fixing device |
| JPH03185458A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-13 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Production of resin composition for toner for electrophotography |
| JPH0478861A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-03-12 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Toner |
| JPH04188153A (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-06 | Canon Inc | Electrostatic image developing toner |
| JPH04199170A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-20 | Konica Corp | Fixing device |
| JPH04226473A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-08-17 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Toner composition for electrophotography |
| JPH04356057A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-12-09 | Canon Inc | Thermocompression fixing toner and thermocompression fixing method |
| JPH052285A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Magnetic toner |
-
1993
- 1993-02-02 JP JP01542493A patent/JP3437205B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02273755A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1990-11-08 | Canon Inc | Magnetic toner |
| JPH03168786A (en) * | 1989-11-29 | 1991-07-22 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Heat fixing device |
| JPH03185458A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-08-13 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Production of resin composition for toner for electrophotography |
| JPH04226473A (en) * | 1990-06-25 | 1992-08-17 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | Toner composition for electrophotography |
| JPH0478861A (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1992-03-12 | Mita Ind Co Ltd | Toner |
| JPH04356057A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-12-09 | Canon Inc | Thermocompression fixing toner and thermocompression fixing method |
| JPH04188153A (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-06 | Canon Inc | Electrostatic image developing toner |
| JPH04199170A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-20 | Konica Corp | Fixing device |
| JPH052285A (en) * | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Magnetic toner |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1039538A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-13 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Toner for developing electrostatic charge image |
| US7153623B2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2006-12-26 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming method using electrophotograhy, electrophotographic toner, and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2007023974A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-03-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| JP2007086747A (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-04-05 | Canon Inc | Image forming apparatus |
| US7783242B2 (en) | 2005-08-22 | 2010-08-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus |
| JP2011221527A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2011-11-04 | Xerox Corp | Imaging processes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3437205B2 (en) | 2003-08-18 |
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