JPH06207345A - Reinforcing three-dimensional woven fabric for composite material and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a simple weaving process to prevent the deformation of a reinforcing three-dimensional woven fabric for beam-formed composite material having I-shaped or T-shaped cross-section or for a plate-formed composite material by increasing the strength at a necessary part of the fabric in longitudinal direction. CONSTITUTION:The objective fabric is provided with a vertical 1st face member 21 formed essentially as a beam-formed member and extending in the direction of length and 2nd face members 22 perpendicular to the 1st face member and extending in the direction of length. Each face member has a thickness corresponding to at least plural number of flat woven fabrics. Both members are integrally woven with a yarn. The yarns of the 1st and the 2nd face members 21, 22 are oriented in a state inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of a three-dimensional woven fabric 20 at an angle of + or -15 deg. to + or -60 deg. and each yarn is folded on the surface of the woven fabric to weave a fabric continuing in longitudinal direction. A core yarn 23 linearly oriented in the longitudinal direction of the beamformed three-dimensional woven fabric 20 is woven into the total or a part of the 2nd face members 22.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is for producing a beam-shaped composite material having an I-shaped or T-shaped cross section or a plate-shaped composite material in which face members for holding a gap are sandwiched between upper and lower face members. The present invention relates to a reinforcing three-dimensional fabric for use in and a method for producing them.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The present inventors have previously disclosed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-3079.
No. 49 proposes a reinforcing three-dimensional fabric used for producing a beam-shaped composite material and a method for producing the same. In contrast to the three-dimensional woven fabric proposed in the past, a conventional three-dimensional woven fabric for composite materials (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-117842) is formed by laminating basically planar fabrics. , Is advantageous in that the yarn is oriented in the direction of the main stress when the bending load is applied or in the direction close thereto (± 15 to 60 °) to effectively exhibit the strength against the bending load. . However, with the orientation of the yarn as described above, the deformation tolerance of the three-dimensional fabric is large, and in particular, when the external force acts in the longitudinal direction of the beam-shaped composite material, the strength is effectively supplemented. At the same time, it is desired to prevent deformation.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that in a three-dimensional woven fabric for reinforcement of a beam-shaped composite material having an I-shaped or T-shaped cross section or a plate-shaped composite material, the longitudinal direction is required. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively increasing the strength of a portion to prevent deformation and further easily weaving such a three-dimensional fabric.

[0004]

A first reinforcing three-dimensional fabric of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is formed as a member having a substantially beam shape, and the beam-shaped member has a lengthwise direction. A vertical first surface member that extends and a second surface member that is orthogonal to the first surface member and that extends in the length direction of the first surface member are provided, and the double-sided member has at least several layers. A beam-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric having a thickness equivalent to that of the planar woven fabric and integrally weaving these double-sided members with yarns, wherein the first and second face members in the three-dimensional woven fabric are: The yarn is ± 15 to 6 in the length direction of the three-dimensional fabric.
A three-dimensional woven fabric oriented so as to be inclined by 0 ° and woven so as to be continuous in the length direction by folding each yarn on the woven fabric surface, and forming a beam shape in the whole or a part of the second face member. It is characterized in that a core yarn linearly oriented in the longitudinal direction is woven.

The second reinforcing three-dimensional woven fabric of the present invention is formed as a substantially planar plate-like member, which is a member that forms upper and lower surfaces and is orthogonal to the surface members. And a surface member for holding a gap sandwiched between the double-sided members, each surface member having a thickness corresponding to at least several layers of planar woven fabric, the plate-like member integrally woven A three-dimensional woven fabric, wherein each face member in the three-dimensional woven fabric is oriented with the yarns inclined at an angle of ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the length direction requiring strength of the three-dimensional fabric, and each yarn. Is woven on the surface of the woven fabric so as to be continuous in the length direction, and at least one of the surface members forming the upper and lower surfaces is woven with the core yarn linearly oriented in the direction requiring the above strength. It is characterized by that.

On the other hand, the method of the present invention for manufacturing these reinforcing three-dimensional fabrics is such that a large number of rotors, which sandwich a yarn carrier between adjacent rotors, are arranged next to each other in a large number of rows and a large number of columns. The yarn carriers corresponding to the weaving shape of the three-dimensional fabric are sandwiched between the recesses provided in the four circumferences of the adjacent rotors, and the recesses of the other rotor are used as guides when one of the adjacent rotors rotates. By moving the yarn carrier and repeating this, when weaving a beam-shaped or plate-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric, in the portion of the three-dimensional woven fabric where strength in the length direction is required, Lead out the core yarn in the length direction of the original fabric, and
Among a large number of rotors, rotors that are not adjacent to each other in the rows and columns are regarded as one group, and the whole is divided into two groups,
Rotate one group of rotors as a non-rotating fixed guide and rotate the other group by 90 ° or 180 ° in one direction, and then use the previously rotated one group of rotor as a fixed guide and the other group as the reverse of the above. By rotating 90 ° or 180 ° in the direction of, and inclining the yarns ± 15 to 60 °, and weaving a three-dimensional woven fabric in which the core yarn is inserted into a portion requiring reinforcement. It is characterized by.

[0007]

In general, when a bending load is applied to a beam-shaped material or the like, for example, an I-beam in which upper and lower flange portions (second surface members) are connected by a web portion (first surface member) is used. In this case, a compressive or tensile stress acts on both flange portions, and a principal stress acts on the web portion in a direction of about ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the length direction. In consideration of these problems, the proposed three-dimensional four-axis woven fabric having no core yarn in which the yarns are oriented in the direction of ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction (see Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-3079).
No. 49) has a structure that is flexible against tension and compression, but has a characteristic that expansion and contraction are small with respect to shear stress which is a force of displacement in an oblique direction. On the other hand, the three-dimensional woven fabric containing the core yarn is characterized in that it has little elongation when pulled and compressed in the core yarn direction and is strong against shear stress.

The properties of tension / compression and properties of shearing are determined by factors such as the ratio of yarns and core yarns in the four-axis direction and the orientation angle of the yarns in the four-axis direction. As described above, the beam-shaped material is often used as a material that is generally subjected to bending stress, the flange portion is mainly subjected to tensile or compressive stress, and the shearing force acts on the web portion, The structure of the flange portion through which the core yarn is passed and the web without the core yarn becomes extremely effective.

When weaving the three-dimensional woven fabric,
Rotate one group of rotors by 90 ° or 180 ° in one direction using the fixed guide as the fixed guide, and then use the other group of rotors by rotating the other group in the opposite direction as the fixed guide. It is rotated by 90 ° or 180 ° and this is repeated in sequence, but at that time, reinforcement is required by a simple means of pulling out the core yarn from the central portion of the rotor in the longitudinal direction of the three-dimensional fabric. It is possible to weave a three-dimensional woven fabric in which the core yarn is inserted in the portion to be formed. In this weaving, the inclination angle of the yarn can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of beating and the delivery speed of the woven three-dimensional fabric.

[0010]

Embodiments (A) to (C) of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are for explaining the structure of a first embodiment of a three-dimensional fabric according to the present invention. This three-dimensional woven fabric is used for reinforcing a beam-shaped composite material having a T-shaped cross section, which is used as a structural material, and when used, each yarn is connected by a matrix. The beam-shaped member 1 forming the three-dimensional woven fabric is a first surface member 1 which extends in the lengthwise direction and is arranged in a vertical direction which is a normal T-beam external force acting direction.
a and a second face member 1b which is orthogonal to the face member 1a and extends in the lengthwise direction of the first face member, and the double-sided members 1a and 1b have at least several layers of planar woven fabric. These double-sided members 1a and 1b are integrally woven so as to have a corresponding thickness. Although the cross-sectional shape is T-shaped here, it may be formed in an I-shaped or other cross-sectional shape in which one or more of the first and second surface members are appropriately connected.

The second surface member 1b is woven with a core yarn 3 linearly oriented in the length direction of the beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric. The core thread 3 is oriented to a portion where it is necessary to increase strength and suppress expansion and contraction of the member due to external force. For example, the core thread 3 can be woven into the whole or a part of the second surface member 1b, and is three-dimensional. When the woven fabric has an I-shaped cross-section, it can be woven into only one of the second surface members 1b.

1 (A) to 1 (C) and FIG. 2, the weaving mode of the yarns 2a and 2b and the core yarn 3 in the three-dimensional woven fabric is shown. 3 shows a perspective view and a perspective view of only the yarns of the portion viewed from three directions orthogonal to each other (core yarn is omitted in FIG. 2). A large number of yarns 2a, 2a, ... And 2b, 2b, ..., Which compose this three-dimensional fabric are woven in a manner substantially similar to the illustrated yarns by a method described later. , Thereby weaving a three-dimensional fabric. The circled numbers in FIGS. 1 (A) (C) and FIG. 2 indicate that they correspond to each other.

The yarn 2a in the beam-shaped member 1 constituting the three-dimensional fabric is inclined ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the length direction of the three-dimensional fabric in the vertical plane of the first surface member 1a. The yarns 2a of the second surface member 1b are also inclined and oriented to the same degree, while the first and second surface members 1a,
The yarn 2b in 1b is inclined in the horizontal plane to the same extent as in the case of the yarn 2a. These yarns 2a and 2b are woven with each other by being folded back on the surface of the three-dimensional woven fabric forming the beam-shaped member 1 so as to be continuous in the length direction of the beam.

FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C) and FIG. 4 are for explaining the structure of the second embodiment of the three-dimensional woven fabric according to the present invention, and like the case of the first embodiment, The beam-shaped member 11 that constitutes the three-dimensional fabric includes a first face member 11a and a second face member 11b that is orthogonal to the first face member 11a, and the double-sided members 11a and 11b have at least several layers of planar fabric. Of the double-sided members 11a, 11
b is integrally woven. Further, the second surface member 11b is woven with the core yarn 13 linearly oriented in the length direction of the beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric. The core yarn 13 can be woven into the whole or a part of the second surface member 11b, as in the first embodiment.

FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C) correspond to FIGS. 1 (A) to 1 (C), and FIG. 4 corresponds to FIG. 2 in which the single yarn 12 in the three-dimensional fabric is used. Only the weaving mode of the above is shown. Other yarns 12, 12, ... that make up this three-dimensional fabric
Each is woven in a manner substantially similar to the illustrated yarn, whereby a three-dimensional woven fabric is woven. The yarns 12, 12, ... Constituting the beam-shaped member 11 in the second embodiment are within ± 15 to the length direction of the three-dimensional fabric in the plane constituting the first face member 11a. 6
The yarn 1 is inclined by 0 ° and is also inclined to the same degree in the plane forming the second surface member 11b.
.. are woven together by being folded back on the surface of the beam-shaped member 11 so as to be continuous in the length direction of the beam.

When a bending load is applied to the beam-shaped member, in the first surface members 1a and 11a described above, ± 15 to 6 with a center of ± 45 ° with respect to the beam length direction.
The principal stress acts in the direction of about 0 °, but in the first face member of the three-dimensional fabric of the first and second embodiments, the yarns 2a, 12 are arranged in a direction of ± 45 ° or a direction close thereto. Since the yarns 2a, 2b, 12 are folded back on the surface of the fabric and are continuous in the beam length direction, each yarn effectively acts to increase the strength of the beam-shaped composite material. To do. Moreover, the second face member 1b,
Since the core threads 3 and 13 linearly oriented in the length direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric are woven in all or part of 11b, expansion and contraction at that portion is restricted. The inclination angles of the yarns 2a, 2b, 12 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the degree of beating and the winding speed in the weaving of a three-dimensional fabric described later.

5 and 6 are shown in FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C) and FIG.
3 illustrates the orientation of yarns in the appearance of the beam-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric 20 having the structure described in Section 1 and having the I-shaped cross section. In the example of FIG. 5, the vertical first face member 21
The core yarns 23 are woven in low density in the second surface members 22, 22 connected to the upper and lower sides of the above, but this can be woven in higher density. Since the deformation of the members 22 and 22 is restrained by the core yarn 23, it is advantageous for use in a portion where curving is not desired. Further, in the example of FIG. 6, the case where the core yarn 28 is woven at a high density only in one of the second surface members 27a connected to the first surface member 26 is shown, but such a three-dimensional fabric 25 is The second surface member 27b into which the core yarn 28 is not woven can be joined to another appropriate member and used for reinforcement. In this case, the core yarn 28 is attached to the second face member 27b to be joined. Not only is it easy to deform,
Since it is possible to pre-weave the unequal cross-section in accordance with the shape of the reinforcing object, the second surface member 27b can be easily adapted to the shape of the reinforcing object.

Next, a method for weaving the beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9. When weaving the above-mentioned beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric,
A weaving device as shown in FIG. This weaving machine
By a plurality of carrier drive units 31 arranged along the carrier raceway surface, a motion is given to the yarn carrier 32, which supports a bobbin (not shown), so that the yarn carrier 32 travels on a required trajectory.
The yarn 33 unwound from those bobbins is woven.

The carrier drive unit 31 has a rotor 34 as shown in FIG. The rotor 34 sandwiches the yarn carrier 32 between adjacent rotors, and recesses 35 for sandwiching the yarn carrier 32 are provided on the four circumferences of the rotor 34. It is formed in an arc shape centering on the rotation axis of the adjacent rotor, and when one of the two rotors 34, 34 adjacent to each other rotates, the recess 35 of the other rotor functions as a guide for the yarn carrier 32. , The rotors 34 are closely adjacent to each other, and are arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns in the moving area of the yarn carrier 32. In addition, a core thread insertion hole 37 that penetrates the center of the rotary shaft 36 of each rotor 34 is provided, and the core thread 28 is led out to a portion of the three-dimensional fabric requiring reinforcement through the insertion hole 37. I have to. For the core yarn 28, for example, a bobbin is arranged at the center of the rotor,
It may be led out from there, or may be attached to the center of the rotor via a tensioning device. In addition,
In FIG. 7, reference numeral 39 denotes a fixed guide which is provided around the moving area of the yarn carrier 32.

On the other hand, the yarn carrier 32 sandwiched between the rotors 34 is provided with a holding portion 40 formed by two cylindrical surfaces 41, 41 which fit into the recesses 35 of the pair of adjacent rotors 34, and The bobbin support shaft 42 is erected. When the yarn carrier 32 is driven by the large number of carrier driving units 31 having the rotor 34 described above, the yarn carrier 32, as shown in FIG. The first surface member 26 and the second surface members 27a and 27b are arranged in conformity with the integrated sectional shape. Note that FIG.
In the example, a case of weaving a beam-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric 25 having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 6 is illustrated.

When weaving, in the rows and columns of the rotor array, the rotors 34 that are not adjacent to each other are grouped into one group, and the whole group is divided into two groups. Drive means (not shown) is provided. In FIG. 9, the two groups are shown separately by the shaded rotor and the rotor without it. The drive means for these two groups is the rotor 34 of each group.
Is intermittently driven in the same direction by 90 ° or 180 °, and the driving means of both groups can be rotationally driven in at least opposite directions. In the following description, the shaded rotor in FIG.
A rotor that performs intermittent rotation of 0 ° or 180 ° (these rotor groups are hereinafter referred to as a first group), and a rotor that does not have diagonal lines is a rotor that performs intermittent rotation of 90 ° or 180 ° in the counterclockwise direction. Hereinafter, the rotor group will be referred to as the second group.)
And

In the weaving, one group of rotors 34 is used as a non-rotating fixed guide, and the other group is rotated by 90 ° or 18 degrees in one direction.
It is carried out by rotating 0 °, and then rotating the other group by 90 ° or 180 ° in the opposite direction to the above with the one group of rotors rotated previously as a fixed guide, and sequentially repeating this. In FIG. 9, the rotors of the first group and the second group are driven to rotate alternately. Observing the movement of the yarn carrier at the time of weaving, in both cases of 90 ° and 180 °, the yarn carrier runs within a range of arrangement of the yarn carrier 32 under relatively simple regularity, For example, when the rotors of the first group and the second group are rotated by 90 ° in the normal and reverse directions by the rotor arrangement as shown in FIG. 7, the three-dimensional fabric 20 having the appearance as shown in FIG. 5 can be obtained. In this case, the organization is as described with reference to FIGS. 3 (A) to 3 (C) and FIG.

On the other hand, when the rotors of the first group and the second group are each rotated by 180 °, the structure becomes as described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1C and FIG. In these weaving, repulsion can be performed as necessary, and by adjusting the degree of repulsion and the winding speed of the woven three-dimensional fabric, each yarn 2 in the above-mentioned three-dimensional fabric can be obtained.
It is possible to arbitrarily adjust the inclination angles of a, 2b and 12.

FIG. 10 shows the structure of a plate-shaped three-dimensional fabric 50 woven by the above-mentioned method. This three-dimensional woven fabric 50 is formed as a substantially planar plate-shaped member, and has surface members 51, 51 that form upper and lower surfaces, and is orthogonal to the surface members 51, 51, and the double-sided member described above. 5
Honeycomb-shaped spacing holding face member 52 sandwiched between 1, 51
Each of the surface members is provided with a thickness corresponding to at least several layers of planar woven fabric, and these surface members are integrally woven.

Each surface member 5 in this three-dimensional fabric 50
1, 52 are as described in FIGS. 1 to 4.
In the plane of the plate-shaped three-dimensional fabric 50, a face member 51 that is woven by yarns oriented at an angle of ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the length direction of the three-dimensional fabric and forms upper and lower surfaces,
A linearly oriented core yarn 53 is woven in the length direction in which the deformation of 51 is suppressed. Such a three-dimensional woven fabric can be obtained by providing a plurality of weaving regions of the surface member 52 for maintaining the space and simultaneously laterally moving the weaving regions as the weaving progresses in the weaving device as shown in FIG. 7. .

[0026]

According to the present invention described in detail above, in a three-dimensional woven fabric for reinforcement of a beam-shaped composite material or a plate-shaped composite material having an I-shaped or T-shaped cross-section, a required portion in the longitudinal direction can be formed. It is possible to obtain a method of effectively increasing the strength so as to prevent expansion and contraction / deformation of the portion and further easily weaving such a three-dimensional fabric.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 (A) to 1 (C) are explanatory views showing a texture of a first embodiment of a three-dimensional woven fabric for a beam-shaped composite material according to the present invention when viewed from three directions orthogonal to each other. .

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the same tissue in a perspective state.

3 (A) to (C) are explanatory views showing the tissue of the second embodiment as viewed from three directions orthogonal to each other.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing the same tissue in a perspective state.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of a heterogeneous embodiment of a beam-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric having the structure of the second embodiment and having an I-shaped cross section.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of another heterogeneous embodiment of the beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric having the structure of the second embodiment and having an I-shaped cross section.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a weaved state of the beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric.

FIG. 8 is a main part perspective view showing details of the carrier driving mechanism.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram related to a rotational drive mode of a rotor.

FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a plate-shaped three-dimensional fabric.

[Explanation of symbols]

1,11 Beam-shaped member, 1a, 11a, 21,26 1st surface member, 1b, 11b, 22,27a, 27b 2nd surface member, 2a, 2b, 12,33 Yarn, 3,13,23 , 28,53 core yarn, 20,25,50 three-dimensional woven fabric, 32 yarn carrier, 34 rotor, 35 recess, 51 upper and lower surface members, 52 spacing surface member.

Continued Front Page (72) Kenji Fukuta Inventor Kenji Fukuta 1-chome, Sengen 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first surface member which is formed as a substantially beam-shaped member and extends in the lengthwise direction of the beam member, and a first surface member which is orthogonal to the first surface member and which is perpendicular to the first surface member. A second surface member extending in the length direction of the first surface member,
A beam-shaped three-dimensional fabric obtained by integrally weaving these double-sided members by providing the double-sided member with a thickness corresponding to at least a few layers of a flat-shaped fabric. The second surface member is oriented so that the yarns are inclined ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the lengthwise direction of the three-dimensional fabric, and the yarns are folded back on the fabric surface to be continuous in the lengthwise direction. And a core yarn linearly oriented in the length direction of the beam-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric is woven into the whole or a part of the second surface member as a composite material. Three-dimensional textile for reinforcement. 2. A surface member which is formed as a substantially planar plate member and forms upper and lower surfaces, and a surface for holding a space which is orthogonal to the surface members and which is sandwiched between the double-sided members. A plate-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric comprising a member, each face member having a thickness corresponding to at least several layers of a planar woven fabric, and these face members being integrally woven, The surface member is oriented by inclining the yarns at an angle of ± 15 to 60 ° with respect to the length direction requiring strength of the three-dimensional fabric, and by folding each yarn on the surface of the fabric, it is continuous in the length direction. A reinforcing material for a composite material, characterized in that a core thread linearly oriented in the direction requiring the above strength is woven into at least one of the surface members forming the upper and lower surfaces. Three-dimensional fabric. 3. A plurality of rotors, which sandwich a yarn carrier between adjacent rotors, are arranged adjacent to each other in a large number of rows and a large number of columns, and between the recesses provided on the four circumferences of the adjacent rotors,
By sandwiching the yarn carrier corresponding to the weaving shape of the three-dimensional woven fabric, when one adjacent rotor rotates, the yarn carrier is moved using the concave portion of the other rotor as a guide, and by repeating this, a beam shape or When weaving a plate-shaped three-dimensional woven fabric, a core yarn is derived in the lengthwise direction of the three-dimensional woven fabric from the central portion of the rotor in a portion of the three-dimensional woven fabric where strength in the lengthwise direction is required, and further, Among the rotors, the rotors that are not adjacent to each other in the above row and column are divided into two groups, and the whole is divided into two groups. The yarn is rotated by 180 °, and then the previously rotated one group of rotors is used as a fixed guide to rotate the other group by 90 ° or 180 ° in the opposite direction to the above, and by repeating this in sequence, The ± 15~60 °
A method for producing a reinforcing three-dimensional woven fabric for a composite material, which comprises weaving a three-dimensional woven fabric in which the core yarn is inserted in a portion which is inclined and requires reinforcement.