JPH061921B2 - Vehicle retarder - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a vehicle retarder, and more particularly to a vehicle retarder including an electromagnetic retarder and an exhaust brake, both of which are used together to obtain a braking force. Regarding

[Outline of Invention]

The present invention, in a vehicle provided with a generator-type retarder and an exhaust brake, operates the generator-type retarder prior to this when the exhaust brake operates, and gradually increases the braking force by the control means,
When the braking force of the exhaust brake becomes equal, the braking by the generator-type retarder is stopped and the exhaust brake is switched to the operating state, whereby the shock at the time of operating the exhaust brake is eliminated. Is.

[Conventional technology]

The vehicle is provided with a service brake for braking the vehicle, and when the brake pedal of the driver's seat is depressed, the brake is activated to decelerate the vehicle. However, in a large vehicle such as a truck or a bus, the weight of the vehicle becomes large, so that a braking means that generates a large braking force is required. Therefore, in order to supplement the service brake, an electromagnetic retarder or an exhaust brake has been used.
Further, as proposed by Japanese Patent Application No. 56-173229, for example, a braking device has been proposed in which an electromagnetic retarder and an exhaust brake are used together.
By equipping the vehicle with such a manufacturing apparatus, the vehicle can be braked more effectively, or the burden of the service brake can be reduced.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The exhaust brake rotates a butterfly valve provided in the exhaust pipe and closes the exhaust pipe to rapidly increase the back pressure of the engine and generate a high engine brake to obtain a braking force. Further, such an exhaust brake can take only two modes, "open" and "closed", and does not take an intermediate state. Therefore, when such an exhaust brake is actuated, there is a problem that the vehicle is shocked because a suddenly high braking force is generated.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a vehicle retarder in which a shock generated when an exhaust brake is actuated is eliminated by a generator-type retarder used in combination with the vehicle retarder. To do.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention is a vehicle retarder having a generator, an exhaust brake, a control means, a retarder switch, and an exhaust brake switch, wherein the generator has a rotor that is transmitted to a power line to drive the vehicle. The resulting inertial force is absorbed to generate a braking force.The exhaust brake consists of a valve body that closes the exhaust pipe and an actuator that switches this valve body.The retarder switch outputs a generator operation command signal and the exhaust The brake switch outputs an operation command signal for the exhaust brake, and the control means controls the field current of the generator and the actuator of the exhaust brake.The output of the retarder switch and the exhaust brake switch is input to the exhaust switch. When the output of the brake switch is input, the generator field Is gradually increased to increase the braking force. When the braking force becomes almost equal to the braking force of the exhaust brake, the field current is shut off, and the valve element is operated by the actuator to activate the exhaust brake. It's about retarders.

[Action]

When the exhaust brake switch is operated and the operation command signal of the exhaust brake switch is input to the control means, the control means gradually increases the field current of the generator to increase the braking force. When the braking force becomes substantially equal to the braking force of the exhaust brake, the control means cuts off the field current. At the same time, the control means uses the actuator to switch the valve element of the exhaust brake to the operating state,
Activate the exhaust brake. Therefore, the shock at the time of operating the exhaust brake is alleviated.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 shows an engine 1 provided with a retarder according to an embodiment of the present invention. The engine 1 is composed of, for example, a diesel engine for trucks. On the back side of this engine 1 is a flywheel housing 2
Is provided. At the top and bottom of the housing 2, a case 8 of a stator of an inductor generator, which will be described later, is attached. Further, a transmission 5 is arranged on the back side of the flywheel housing 2 so that the rotation speed of the engine 1 can be changed to an appropriate value and transmitted to the drive wheels via a propeller shaft 6.

Next, the structure of the retarder provided in the engine 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, a circle is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the flywheel 4 which is housed in the housing 2 and fixed to the end of the crankshaft 3. Inductor magnetic poles 7 are provided at a predetermined pitch along the circumferential direction. The flywheel 4 provided with the magnetic poles 7 constitutes a rotor of an inductor type generator, and the generator constitutes a retarder of an automobile. Cases 8 are provided above and below the housing 2, and the stators of the inductor-type generator are housed in these cases 8.

As shown in FIG. 3, this stator includes a plurality of pole cores 9 arranged in the circumferential direction of the flywheel 4. The lower end of the pole core 9 faces the inductor magnetic pole 7 with a small air gap, and the upper end of the pole core 9 is fixed to the cover plate of the case 8 via a stator yoke 10. An armature coil 11 and a field coil 12 are wound around the pole core 9. The armature coil 11 is wound around the two pole cores 9, while the field coil 12 is wound around the pole cores 9.
One on each.

The field coil 12 on the side of the stator having such a configuration is the first
It is connected to the battery 14 via the controller 13 shown in the drawings and FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 13 that controls the field current to the field coil 12 includes a transistor 16, and the transistor 16 controls the field current. The base of the transistor 16 is connected to the controller 17, and the controller 17 is connected to the retarder switch 18 provided in the driver's seat. On the other hand, the armature coil 11 is connected to the load resistor 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. A plurality of capacitors 26 are connected in parallel with the load resistor 15. Further, as is clear from FIG. 4, diodes 27 are connected to both ends of the field coil 12.

The engine 1 equipped with such a retarder is equipped with an exhaust brake 22 as shown in FIG. That is, the exhaust manifold 20 is attached to the side surface side of the engine 1, the exhaust manifold 20 is further connected to the exhaust pipe 21, and the exhaust brake 22 is connected in the middle of the exhaust pipe 21. The exhaust brake 22 is composed of a butterfly valve, and is connected to an actuator 24 via a lever 23. The actuator 24 is controlled by the controller 17. The controller 17 is further provided with the exhaust brake switch 2
5 is connected.

Next, the operation of the retarder of the automobile having the above-mentioned structure will be described. For example, when an automobile equipped with this retarder goes down a long slope, the retarder switch 18 provided in the driver's seat is turned on. Then, the transistor 16 of the controller 13 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 changes to the conductive state. Therefore, a field current flows from the battery 14 through the transistor 16 to the field coil 12 of the stator of the inductor generator, and the field coil 12 is excited.

When the field coil 12 is thus excited, the field coil 12 magnetizes two pole cores 9 in opposite directions to each other as shown in FIG.
The pair of pole cores 9 wound with are magnetized so as to have mutually different polarities. Therefore, at a certain moment, a magnetic circuit 35 as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 3 is formed, and when the flywheel 4 rotates and the inductor magnetic pole 7 moves by an angle corresponding to the pitch of the pole core 9, A magnetic circuit 36 as shown by a chain line in FIG. 3 is formed.

The magnetic fluxes passing through these magnetic circuits 35 and 36 both interlink with the armature coil 11 and the two magnetic circuits 3
The directions of the magnetic fluxes passing through 5 and 36 are mutually inverted. Therefore, due to this change in magnetic flux, the armature coil 11
An electromotive force is induced in this, and this inductor type generator will generate electric power. This means that the engine 1 or the vehicle drives the flywheel 4, and the work done at this time is absorbed as a braking force. Therefore, the vehicle is subjected to a braking force due to the power generation of the inductor-type generator and is decelerated. The power generation output at this time is consumed by the load resistance 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.

On the other hand, when the braking force is obtained by the exhaust brake 22, the exhaust brake switch 25 provided in the driver's seat is turned on. Then, the controller 17 shown in FIG. 1 rotates the valve body of the exhaust brake 22 via the actuator 24 to close the exhaust pipe 21. Therefore, the back pressure of the engine 1 rapidly increases, and the exhaust brake is activated. As described above, since the exhaust brake 22 closes the exhaust pipe 21 with the valve element, a suddenly high braking force is obtained and the vehicle is shocked.

In order to eliminate such a shock, the retarder is actuated when the exhaust brake 22 is actuated, so that the braking force is smoothly increased as shown in FIG. That is, before operating the exhaust brake 22, the controller 17 controls the transistor 16 to generate the braking force by the retarder, and the field current at that time is controlled by the transistor 16 to control the fifth current. As shown in the figure, the braking force is controlled to gradually increase. Then, when the braking force by the retarder becomes equal to the braking force of the exhaust brake, the transistor 16 is cut off and the braking force by the retarder is set to 0. At this time, the controller 17 activates the exhaust brake 22 via the actuator 24. I am trying to switch to the state. Therefore, it is possible to soften the shock when the exhaust brake 22 is activated by the retarder. If a larger braking force is required thereafter, the transistor 16 is energized again with the exhaust brake 22 kept in the operating state, and the field current is gradually increased. As shown in FIG. 5, a large braking force is gradually generated. Therefore, according to such a braking device, the vehicle is not shocked when the exhaust brake 22 is actuated. If the braking force of the exhaust brake 22 is sufficient, the retarder may not be operated again and may be left in the closed state.

The brake torque of the retarder and the brake torque of the exhaust brake with respect to the engine speed change as shown by the solid line and the dotted line in FIG. 6, respectively. Therefore, it is preferable that the switching from the retarder to the exhaust brake during the operation of the exhaust brake is adjusted according to the engine speed. Further, in the vehicle of this embodiment, the retarder is provided between the engine 1 and the transmission 5, but when the retarder is mounted after the transmission 5, the retarder torque is reduced by the reduction ratio of the transmission 5, It does not match the braking torque of the exhaust brake. Therefore, in such a case, the transmission 5
The operating position of the exhaust brake 22 may be changed according to the gear position of the. As a result, smooth braking can be achieved as in the above embodiment.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, the present invention operates the generator-type retarder prior to the operation of the exhaust brake, gradually increases the braking force by the control means, and when the braking force becomes substantially equal to the braking force of the exhaust brake. The braking by the formula retarder is stopped and the exhaust brake is switched to the operating state. Therefore, according to such a configuration, it becomes possible to mitigate the impact at the time of operating the exhaust brake.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a braking device according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of an essential part showing a retarder, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged expanded front view of the essential part. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the retarder, FIG. 5 is a graph showing how the retarder relieves the braking force when the exhaust brake is activated, and FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the brake torque with respect to the engine speed. The names of the main parts in the drawings are as follows. 7 ... Inductor magnetic pole 8 ... Case (generator type retarder) 11 ... Armature coil 12 ... Field coil 16 ... Transistor 17 ... Controller (control means) 18 ... Retarder switch 21 ... Exhaust pipe 22 ... Exhaust brake 24 ... Actuator 25 ... Exhaust brake switch

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A vehicle retarder comprising a generator (8), an exhaust brake (22), a control means (17), a retarder switch (18) and an exhaust brake switch (25). In the machine (8), the rotor (4) is transmitted to the power line to absorb the inertial force caused by the traveling of the vehicle to generate a braking force, and the exhaust brake (22) is a valve that closes the exhaust pipe (21). Body and actuator that switches this valve body (2
4), the retarder switch (18) outputs the operation command signal of the generator (8), the exhaust brake switch (25) outputs the operation command signal of the exhaust brake (22), and the control means ( 17 is a field current of the generator (8) and an actuator (2) of the exhaust brake (22).
4) for controlling the retarder switch (1
8) and the output of the exhaust brake switch (25) are input, and when the output of the exhaust brake switch (25) is input, the field current of the generator (8) is gradually increased to increase the braking force. Power is exhaust brake (2
When the braking force of 2) becomes almost equal, shut off the field current,
A retarder for a vehicle that activates an exhaust brake (22) by operating a valve element with an actuator (24).