JPH06147937A - Pmv display method by thermal environment sensor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain PMV value that changes according only to air temperature, wind speed and temperature by calculating, with a specified equation, PMV's air temperature sensitivity, sensor temperature, offset amount and the temperature at which PMV becomes zero when no radiation exist, which indicate confortableness. CONSTITUTION:Temperature Ts indicated by a thermal environment sensor is approximated to Ts=ta+ArXDELTAtr+OF when effect of radiation is linearized. However, ta is air temperature, Ar is a coefficient that relates radiation with sensor output (function of wind speed), and DELTAtr is tr-ta (tr is radiation temperature). Meanwhile, assuming that the temperature at which PMV corresponds to zero is ta#, a constant relating to temperature ta decided by amount of warn clothes, amount of activity and wind speed is Bt, and a constant relating to radiation decided by the amount of worn clothes, the amount of activity and wind speed is Br, the approximation PMV=Bt(ta-ta#)+BrXDELTAtr is obtained. Assuming that DELTAtr=0 and substituting the former equation for the latter equation, PMV=Bt (Ts-OF-ta#), and from reduction temperature of thermal environment sensor, PMV is obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a thermal environment sensor, and more particularly to a method of displaying PMV by the sensor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 8 shows a conventional configuration of a thermal environment sensor. The thermal environment is partitioned by the thermal resistor 10, the constant output heater 20 is disposed on the back side thereof, and the output of the temperature sensor 30 disposed inside the thermal resistor 10 or on the heater side surface is used as the thermal environment change. It is what is output.

With such a configuration, when there is a flow of air (wind velocity) in the thermal environment space, the temperature of the thermal resistor 20 decreases, so that the value displayed on the temperature sensor 30 varies depending on the wind velocity as well as the temperature change. It will also include elements.

When there is heat radiation or cold radiation from a wall or the like, the temperature of the thermal resistor 10 rises or falls and the temperature sensor 30 is affected. Therefore, the temperature sensor 30 is used not only for the temperature but also for the air flow (wind speed).
It also means the sensible temperature due to radiation.

[0005]

As an index of the thermal environment, PMV (Predi) which indicates the conventional method of expressing by temperature, the amount of clothing, the amount of activity, the humidity, the wind speed, and the comfort level in consideration of radiation
cate Mean Vate) value, as well as clothing, activity, humidity, wind speed, and radiation in standard conditions (clothing clo = 0.6, activity Met =
1.0 to 1.2, humidity RH = 50%, wind speed Var = 0.1 to 0.15 m /
sec ^*, which is the room temperature equivalent to the physiological state of the human at SET ^*
Etc. Among them, in the international standard, PMV (ISO: No, 7730) widely used internationally is adopted.

Even if the thermal environment sensor having the above-mentioned configuration is used to obtain a sensible temperature in consideration of the influence of wind speed and radiation, the temperature is determined whether or not a person in the environment is comfortable with the current environment. Does not represent On the other hand, the PMV represents whether or not a person feels comfortable in the current environment, but there are few sensors that directly measure the PMV, and at the present time, it is expensive. Further, when calculating the PMV by calculation, the calculation is complicated only by _adding various conditions (clothing surface temperature t _cl , air temperature ta, radiation temperature tr, etc.) to a logical formula for deriving the PMV. Met.

Further, although the above-mentioned conventional thermal environment sensor cannot express the influence of humidity in its output, PMV represents the degree of comfort considering the magnitude of humidity. The present invention has been proposed in view of the above conventional circumstances, and PMV
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for calculating the above using the output of a thermal environment sensor that has been used conventionally, and to provide a PMV that also includes a humidity condition.

[0008]

The present invention employs the following means in order to achieve the above object. That is, the thermal resistor 10 for performing heat balance with the thermal environment space and the thermal resistor 10
PMV = B _t (T _s -OF-) in a thermal environment sensor including a constant output heater 20 disposed on one side of the heat resistor 10 and a temperature sensor 30 disposed inside the thermal resistor 10 or on the heater side surface. t _a ^# ) B _t : PMV temperature sensitivity (constant determined by wind speed, amount of clothing, activity amount) T _s : Sensor temperature OF: Offset amount ta _a ^# :: Temperature when PMV becomes zero when there is no radiation, The value of PMV that changes only in wind speed and radiation is calculated.

Further, in the absence of the above radiation, the temperature t _a ^{# at} which PMV becomes zero is changed according to the magnitude of humidity, and P
Make sure that the MV includes the requirement for humidity change.

[0010]

[Action] is the temperature T _s showing thermal environment sensor if linearize the effect of _{radiation, T S = t a + A} r × Δt r + OF ...... (3) t a: Temperature A _r: associate radiation sensor output factor (a function of wind _{speed) Δt r: t r -t a} (t r: radiation temperature) oF: can be approximated with offset. In this equation, under the condition that t _r = t _a, that is, the influence of radiation is zero, the sensor temperature T _s is proportional to the air temperature t _a as shown in FIG. 1 (b).

On the other hand, PMV is the temperature t_aAnd PMV becomes 0
Corresponding temperature t_a ^#Difference t_a-T_a ^#And the amount of clothes, activities
Temperature t determined by volume and wind speed_aConstant B for_tWearing
Radiation constant B determined by clothing amount, activity amount, and wind speed
_rUsing (B_t, B_rFor the formula (7) in the examples
See) PMV = B_t(T_a-T_a ^#) + B_r× Δt_r …… (7) can be approximated in the same way. Where t_a= T_rsand
Under the condition that is not affected by radiation, PMV
Temperature T_sAs in Fig. 2 (b), the temperature t_aProportional to
To do.

From the above equation (3), the sensor temperature T _s is the temperature t
proportional to a, also proportional to the even temperature t _a PMV from (7). Therefore, the sensor temperatures T _S and PMV will be associated with each other if the conditions for coupling them are set appropriately.

[0013] Therefore, when such match the temperature sensitivity of the sensor as the condition to temperature sensitivity _{PMV, PMV = B t (T} s -OF-t a #) PMV with ...... becomes (8) wherein the sensor temperature T _S can be associated.

Further, by changing t _a ^{# at} which the PMV becomes zero according to the humidity, the change in the humidity is changed to PMV.
It will be included in.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION FIG. 1 thermal equilibrium state of the sensor and the environment in the model shown in (a) q: sensor calorific value t _f: sensor surface temperature T _S: sensor output R: as t _r -t _a: sensor thermal resistance Delta] t _r , When the effect of radiation is linearized, it can be approximated as follows.

Q = α _c (t _f −t _a ) + α _r (t _f −t _r ) ... (1) q = (T _s −t _f ) / R (2) (1), (2 If t _f is deleted from the equation), T _S = t _a + A _r · Δt _r + OF (3) here,

[0017]

[Equation 1]

That is, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), t _a = t
sensor temperature T _s when the _r varies linearly with changes in temperature t _a. On the other hand, consider Fig. 2 (b), which shows the thermal equilibrium between the human body model and the environment by PMV.

[0019] H: metabolism - heat release by breathing - heat radiation from the skin t _cl: clothes surface temperature t _s: skin temperature I _Cl: clothing thermal resistance c: a normalizing constant Δt _r = t _r -t _a, radiation The effect can be approximated as follows by linear approximation.

H = β _c (t _cl −t _a ) + β _r (t _cl −t _r ) ... (4) [β _c : convective heat transfer coefficient of human body model, β _r : radiant heat transfer coefficient of human body model] H = (t _S −t _Cl ) / I _Cl (5) Subtracting the right side from the left side of the equation (4), PMV = c {H−β _c (t _cl −t _a ) −β _r (t _cl −t _r )} (6), where c is a predetermined value of PMV (−3 to +3)
It is a normalization constant for entering between. Furthermore,
When t _cl is eliminated from the equations (4), (5), and (6),

[0021]

[Equation 2]

Then, PMV = B _t (t _a −t _a ^# ) + B _r × Δt _r (7)

[0023] The expression (7) When t _a = t _r 2
It is represented by a straight line as shown in (b). Therefore, by comparing FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. 2 (b), it can be understood that both the PMV and the sensor internal temperature T _S can be represented by a straight line, and can be matched with each other if the conditions are appropriately selected.

Therefore, in order to make the temperature sensitivity of the thermal environment sensor the same as the temperature sensitivity of the human body model, B is set on both sides of the equation (3).
When multiplied by _{t, B t T s = B} t t a + B t A r · Δt r + B t OF ...... to give (3 ') (7) _{PMV = B t t a + B} r Δt r -B t Table with t _a ^# in _{...... (7), a r =} B When _{r / B t, PMV = B} t (T s -OF-t a #) ...... (8) next, PMV is the sensor temperature T _s It was done.

Here, A _r = B _r / B _t means that the radiation sensitivity of the thermal environment sensor is matched with the radiation sensitivity of the human body model. Figure 3 is t _a = t _r ie clothing amount Clo with no consideration of the radiation _zero. 9 activity amount Met =
_1.2, humidity RH 50%, the wind speed Var = _0. Theoretical value by 1 m / PMV (square marks) in the case of using the sensor output under calculates the above equation (8) sec and ISO (7730) (dashed line ), It can be understood that the theory and practice are in agreement.

[0026] FIG. 4 is an activity amount Met = _1. 2, amount of clothing Cl
o = _0. 9, the temperature t _a = 22.0 ° C, the theoretical value of PMV in the case of changing the wind velocity Var under t _a = t _r (dashed line)
And the sensor output (square mark) are shown, and it can be understood that the theoretical value of the PMV and the actual measurement value are in good agreement also in this case. Furthermore, Figure 5 is an activity amount Met = _1. 2, amount of clothing Clo = _0. 9, air velocity Var = _0. 1m / sec, air temperature t _a =
P when changing the radiant temperature under 22.0 ° C
It shows the theoretical value and the actual measurement value of MV, and the point that they both agree well is the same as in the above two cases.

Furthermore, FIG. 6 shows PMV output and theory PMV sensor when performing air conditioning by using the present method, the glove temperature (radiation temperature) t _g, empty the temperature t _a, the window side temperature t _w is there. It can be seen that the window temperature t _w is high during the day, but the PMV is kept constant.

The sensor shown in FIG. 8 used in the present invention is a humidity sensor.
Cannot reflect the effects of. However, ISO
According to (7730), under constant wind speed (0.1 m / s)
Can represent the relationship between PMV and humidity as shown in FIG.
it can. As shown in this figure, if the wind speed is constant,
As the temperature RH increases, the temperature t with respect to PMV0 increases.
_a ^#Will be lower. Therefore, t_a ^#Small
By changing the humidity, the humidity can be converted to PMV by the sensor output.
Can be reflected. In addition, in the explanation up to FIG.
The degree is fixed at 50%.

According to ISO (7730), Met1
_. 2, _Clo0. 9, the temperature t _a of the under wind VAR0, humidity R
The relationship between H (%) and PMV can be expressed in Table 1. On the other hand, in the formula (8) according to the present _{invention, B t = (X) RH} + (Y) t a # = (V) RH + (W) (X) = 0.0003 (Y) = 0.2228 (V) = -0.0248 (W) = - When 23.316, temperature t _a, humidity RH (%), the sensor temperature T _s
Therefore, for example, the results are as shown in Table 2, and as a result, the results are in good agreement with the results in Table 1, and the humidity can be reflected in the PMV in the present invention. Since the influence of B _{t on} the humidity is very small, it is sufficient to reflect it on t _a ^# .

[0030]

[Table 1]

[0031]

[Table 2]

[0032]

As described above, according to the present invention, the PMV can be obtained from the temperature detected by the thermal environment sensor, and the thermal environment sensor can be used more effectively. Furthermore, it is possible to deal with a change in humidity that cannot be dealt with by the thermal environment sensor alone.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a model and graph showing the relationship between air temperature and sensor temperature.

FIG. 2 is a model and a graph showing the relationship between air temperature and PMV.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between air temperature and PMV according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between wind speed and PMV according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between radiation temperature and PMV according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of indoor air conditioning using the method according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between humidity and optimum temperature according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a sensor used in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Thermal Resistor 20 Heater 30 Sensor

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A thermal resistor (1) for performing heat balance with a thermal environment space.
0) and a constant output heater (20) disposed on one surface side of the thermal resistor (10), and a temperature sensor (30) disposed inside the thermal resistor (10) or on the heater side surface. in thermal environment sensor comprising _{more, PMV = B t (T s} -OF-t a #) B t: temperature sensitivity PMV (wind speed, amount of clothing, constants determined by the activity amount) T _s: sensor temperature oF: offset t _a ^# : A method of displaying a PMV by a thermal environment sensor, which calculates a PMV value that changes only to the temperature, wind speed, and radiation depending on the temperature at which the PMV becomes zero when there is no radiation, from the sensor temperature T _s . 2. The thermal environment sensor according to claim 1, wherein the temperature ta _a ^{# at} which the PMV becomes zero when there is no radiation is changed corresponding to the magnitude of humidity, and the PMV includes the content of requirement for humidity change. How to display PMV by.