JPH0587737B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention measures thermal environmental conditions that serve as control data for the air conditioner, for example, when an air conditioner provides a comfortable indoor environment for the human body. The present invention relates to the improvement of thermal environment measuring instruments for

(Prior art) In general, there is a limit to maintaining the indoor environment in a thermal state that is comfortable for the human body by controlling an air conditioner based only on the indoor temperature. It is necessary to evaluate the actual residential thermal environment by combining physical quantities such as (wind speed), humidity, and radiation. Thermal environment measuring devices used to detect such thermal conditions should be manufactured in such a way that a thermal correlation is established between the measuring device and the human body, based on the thermal equilibrium of the human body. This is what is required.

Conventionally, as this type of measuring instrument, for example,
As disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 218624, it is equipped with a heating element having an electric heater in a hollow spherical shell, and a temperature sensor that measures the surface temperature of the heating element, and the heating element is heated by energizing the electric heater. It is known to measure the thermal state of the environment by supplying a predetermined amount of heat to the air and then measuring its surface temperature, taking into account air temperature, air flow velocity, and radiation.

By the way, even if the indoor thermal environment is the same,
The user's experience differs depending on the amount of clothing the user wears, such as changes in clothing due to seasonal changes and whether or not bedding is worn while sleeping. This is because the thermal resistance caused by clothing affects the physical sensation.

However, with the above-mentioned conventional devices, the thermal state of the environment is detected in the form of sensible temperature that takes into account air temperature, air velocity, and radiation, so the sensation differs depending on the amount of clothing worn, so it is difficult to use such a measuring device. When controlling an air conditioner using the air conditioner, there is a problem in that the comfort temperature setting must be reset each time the amount of clothing changes.

In addition, the conventional method does not take humidity, which is one of the thermal environment factors, into account, so there is a problem in that the actual thermal environment cannot be accurately grasped because the physical sensation varies depending on changes in humidity.

Therefore, in order to solve these problems, the present applicant has already developed a system that detects the user's clothing by detecting the perceived temperature that takes into account the environmental temperature, air velocity, radiation, humidity, and the amount of clothing the user is wearing. We have proposed a method that allows accurate understanding of the actual thermal environment depending on volume or humidity (see the specifications and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 60-265325 and Japanese Patent Application No. 60-265326).

In other words, these devices include a heating element that generates heat by supplying heat, a temperature sensor that detects the surface temperature of the heating element, and a humidity sensor that detects indoor humidity (or a sensor that measures the thermal resistance of the amount of clothing on the human body). It is equipped with a clothing amount input device) and an arithmetic circuit that calculates the sensible temperature according to the air temperature, air velocity, and radiation based on the surface temperature and humidity of the heating element (or the thermal resistance of the amount of clothing). .

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) By the way, the effects of humidity and amount of clothing on the sensible temperature vary depending on changes in air temperature, radiation, and airflow velocity. However, in the above proposal, even when the temperature, air velocity, and radiation change, the effects of humidity and amount of clothing are uniformly affected, and the effects cannot be calculated accurately, so there is room for improvement.

The present invention has been made to improve the above-mentioned proposal in view of the above points, and its purpose is to take into account air temperature, air velocity, and radiation when calculating the influence of humidity and amount of clothing on sensible temperature. By taking these into account as variables, it is possible to accurately calculate the effects of humidity and amount of clothing on the perceived temperature even when the temperature, air velocity, radiation, and radiation change. The purpose is to accurately detect the sensible temperature based on a comprehensive evaluation of the amount of clothing.

(Means for solving the problem) In order to achieve this object, the solving means of the present invention includes a heat generating means 4 and a shell 3 surrounding the heat generating means 4, as shown in FIG. and a thermocouple 8 for measuring the surface temperature of the shell 3. The outer surface of the shell 3 is made of a composite material of fluororesin and titanium oxide, and has a spectral emissivity approximately equal to that of human skin or clothing. A radiant material layer 14 having a matching emissivity is provided, and a measuring means 10 is provided for measuring the sensible temperature y in consideration of one or more environmental factors of the air temperature Ta, the air velocity V, and the radiation Tr.

Furthermore, a humidity detector 11 that detects humidity RH
and a clothing amount input device 13 that inputs the thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing on the human body, and receives the outputs of the measuring means 10, humidity detector 11, and clothing amount input device 13, and corresponds to the humidity RH and the amount of clothing. Convert the thermal resistance clo to the sensible temperature y using the air temperature Ta, air velocity V, and radiation.
Arithmetic circuit 1 using arithmetic expressions including each variable of Tr
2 will be provided.

(Function) With this configuration, in the present invention, the measuring means 10 measures the sensible temperature y in consideration of environmental factors, the humidity detector 11 measures the humidity RH, and the clothing amount input device 13 measures the amount of clothing. Thermal resistance corresponding to
clo is detected respectively, and this detected humidity
Thermal resistance clo corresponding to RH and the amount of clothing is calculated by calculating the sensible temperature y, air temperature Ta, air velocity V,
It is converted using an arithmetic expression that includes the radiation Tr variable.
Therefore, when the temperature Ta, air velocity V, and radiation Tr change, the influence of the humidity RH and the amount of clothing will change accordingly, and this will affect the relative influence of the humidity RH and clothing on the sensible temperature y. can be calculated with high accuracy.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a thermal environment measuring device A for controlling an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a spherical heating element, and the heating element 1 has a pipe-shaped support rod 2. An electric heater 4 as a heat generating means is enclosed in the center of a hollow spherical shell 3 made of metal with high thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum and fixed through the shell. The electric heater 4 is connected to power supply lines 7, 7 which pass through an electric insulator 5 filled and fixed in the support rod 2 and supply electric power from a power supply circuit 6 to the electric heater 4. The electric heater 4 is fixedly supported within the shell 3 by 7,7.

Further, on the inner surface of the shell 3 of the heating element 1, a thermocouple 8 is provided to detect the temperature Ts of the surface of the heating element 1 (shell 3).
is fixed, and the output wire 9 of the thermocouple 8 passes through the insulator 5 and the support rod 2 and is led out of the shell 3. The electric heater 4 is energized to generate heat, and the amount of heat is transferred to the heating element 1. In this state, the surface temperature Ts of the heating element 1 is detected by the output voltage of the thermocouple 8, and based on this surface temperature Ts, the thermal state of the indoor environment is measured as the sensible temperature taking into account the air temperature, air flow velocity, and radiation. Measuring element 1 as a measuring means configured to
0 is configured.

Further, on the outer surface of the shell 3 of the heating element 1, a fluororesin such as tetrafluoroethylene resin (PTFE) and titanium oxide (TiO ₂ )
A thin radiant material layer 1 made of a composite material of a predetermined pigment.
4 is provided to match the radiant heat conductivity of the human body and the like with the radiant heat conductivity of the heating element 1 to detect the sensible temperature with higher accuracy.

A humidity sensor 11 as a humidity detector for detecting indoor humidity RH is arranged on the side of the support rod 2, and the output of the humidity sensor 11 is sent to a calculation circuit along with the output of the thermocouple 8 (measuring element 10). 12 is input. Furthermore, 13 is a clothing amount input device for setting a thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing on the human body,
The output of this clothing amount input device 13 is
and the surface temperature Ts of the heating element 1 detected by the thermocouple 8 in the arithmetic circuit 12;
Indoor humidity RH detected by humidity sensor 11
Based on the thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing inputted from the clothing amount input device 13, the sensible temperature y of the indoor environment according to the air temperature, air velocity, radiation, humidity, and amount of clothing is calculated using the following calculation formula. It is configured to calculate according to (1).

In other words, the temperature is Ta, the air velocity is V, and the radiation is Tr.
Then, the sensible temperature y, which is the comprehensive evaluation of these environmental factors Ta, V, Tr, humidity RH, and amount of clothing clo, is: y=f(Ts, RH, clo) =Ts+C _RH +C _CLO ……(1) C _RH = f ₁ (RH, Ts, clo) ... (2) C _CLO = f ₂ (clo, Ts, RH) ... (3) (However, C _RH is the humidity equivalent to sensible temperature, and C _CLO is the amount of clothing The sensible temperature conversion value) is given, and a specific example of the optimum setting of this calculation formula (1) through experiments etc. is as follows.

y=KET ^* +g ₁ (RH) − _{g 1} (0.5) + g ₂ (clo) − g ₂ (0.6) ...(4) g ₁ (RH) = 0.234 (RH − 0.1) × (KET ^* −25.8 + 2 .84clo) +0.847(RH−0.1) ×(KET ^* −25.8+2.84clo) +1.76(RH−0.1)−0.14 ……(5) g ₂ (clo) = (0.138clo−0.594) ×clo ×(KET ^* −38) ……(6) KET ^* = h(Ta, Tr, V) ……(7) (However, KET ^* indicates that the thermal equilibrium characteristics of heating element 1 approximately match the same characteristics of the human body. (output value of the measuring element 10 when set to
In equations (4) to (7) for converting clo into sensible temperature y, thermal environmental factors such as air temperature Ta, air velocity V, and radiation Tr are taken into consideration as variables.

Then, using equations (4) to (7), the calculated sensible temperature y and the thermal index representing human temperature sensation adopted by ASHRAE (American Society of Air Conditioning Hygiene Society)
The relationship with SET ^* is shown in FIGS. 2 to 8. In each figure, the solid line represents SET ^* , the broken line represents the calculated sensible temperature y, and each point on the same line represents SET ^* and the sensible temperature y when the air temperature Ta is equal. The higher the temperature, the higher the temperature.
Ta increases by 0.5℃.

Figures 2 to 5 show the cases where the amount of clothing and airflow velocity are changed, and Figure 2 shows the airflow velocity when the amount of clothing is 0.3clo.
Figure 3 shows the amount of clothing when the speed is 0.15m/s.
Figure 4 shows the case when the amount of clothing is 1.0clo and the airflow velocity is 0.15m/s. Figure 5 shows the case when the amount of clothing is 1.0clo and the airflow velocity is 0.8m/s. are shown respectively. According to Figure 2, the temperature Ta
The rate of change in SET ^* due to humidity RH differs depending on the height ^of I see, it's just humidity.
A linear equation using only RH cannot approximate the sensible temperature y.

On the other hand, Figures 6 to 8 show the case where the humidity RH is 50% and the air flow velocity V is changed, and Figure 6 shows the air flow velocity.
When the air velocity is 0.15 m/s, FIG. 7 shows the air velocity when the air velocity is 0.3 m/s, and FIG. 8 shows the air velocity when the air velocity is 0.8 m/s. From FIGS. 6 to 8, it can be seen that the influence of the amount of clothing clo on the sensible temperature SET ^* cannot be approximated by a linear equation based only on the amount of clothing clo.

However, according to this example, as shown in the figure, the sensible temperature y substantially matches the thermal index SET ^* under all conditions, and even when the temperature, radiation, and air velocity change, the output value is close to SET ^*. can be obtained.

Therefore, in the above embodiment, the thermocouple 8
The surface temperature Ts of the heating element 1 to which a predetermined amount of heat has been supplied is detected, and the signal thereof is input to the arithmetic circuit 12. This surface temperature Ts is the air temperature Ta and the air flow velocity V
and is a function of the radiation Tr. In addition, humidity sensor 1
1 detects the humidity RH in the room and inputs its signal to the arithmetic circuit 12, and a clothing amount input device 13 inputs a signal of thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing to the same arithmetic circuit 12. In this arithmetic circuit 12, the surface temperature of these heating elements 1 is
The sensible temperature y is calculated by the above equations (4) to (7) based on Ts, humidity RH, and thermal resistance clo depending on the amount of clothing. This sensible temperature y is the air temperature Ta, the air velocity V, and the radiation
It depends on Tr, humidity RH and amount of clothing clo.
From this, when controlling the air conditioner using this sensible temperature y, once the comfortable temperature is set,
Even if the humidity RH or the amount of clothing clo changes, the thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing at that time is input from the clothing amount input device 13.
You can maintain a comfortable thermal environment without having to change the comfort temperature setting.

In that case, in the arithmetic circuit 12, the humidity RH,
The influence of the amount of clothing clo on the sensible temperature y is determined by the temperature Ta,
Since it is calculated using equations (4) to (7) with air velocity V and radiation Tr as variables, even when the temperature Ta, air velocity V, and radiation Tr change, humidity RH and amount of clothing are
The sensible temperature y of clo can be calculated with high accuracy,
Therefore, temperature Ta, air velocity V, radiation Tr, humidity RH,
It is possible to accurately detect the sensible temperature y, which is a comprehensive evaluation of the amount of clothing clo.

(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, the thermal environment measuring device of the present invention includes a heat generating means, a fluororesin and an oxidized resin having a spectral emissivity that roughly matches the spectral emissivity of human skin or clothing on the outer surface. A radiant material layer made of a titanium composite material is formed and has a shell surrounding the heat generating means and a thermocouple for measuring the surface temperature of the shell, which measures one of air temperature, air velocity, and radiation. In addition to being equipped with a measuring means for measuring the sensible temperature considering the above environmental factors, a humidity detector for detecting humidity, a clothing amount input device for inputting thermal resistance corresponding to the amount of clothing on the human body, a measuring means, and a humidity detection device. It is equipped with an arithmetic circuit that receives the outputs of the humidity and clothing amount input device and converts the thermal resistance corresponding to the humidity and clothing amount into a sensible temperature using an arithmetic formula that includes air temperature, air velocity, and radiation variables. When converting the effect of air flow on perceived temperature, we use an arithmetic formula that uses air temperature, air velocity, and radiation as variables, so even when air temperature, air velocity, and radiation change, humidity remains It is possible to accurately calculate the influence of the amount of clothing on the perceived temperature, and therefore the effects of temperature, air velocity, radiation,
It is possible to accurately detect the sensible temperature based on a comprehensive evaluation of humidity and amount of clothing with a relatively simple configuration.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention.
The figure is an overall configuration diagram. Figures 2 to 5 are characteristic diagrams showing the relationship between sensible temperature and thermal index SET ^{* when changing the amount of clothing and airflow velocity, respectively, and Figures 6 to 8 are characteristic diagrams showing the relationship between the sensible temperature and the thermal index SET*} when changing the amount of clothing and airflow velocity, respectively. FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between sensible temperature and thermal index SET ^* . A... Thermal environment measuring device, 1... Heating element, 8... Thermocouple, 10... Measuring element, 11... Humidity sensor, 12...
Arithmetic circuit, 13... Clothing amount input device, Ts... Heating element temperature, RH... Humidity, clo... Thermal resistance with respect to the amount of clothing,
a...Temperature, V...Air velocity, Tr...Radiation.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A device comprising: a heat generating means 4; a shell 3 surrounding the heat generating means 4; and a thermocouple 8 for measuring the surface temperature of the shell 3; A radiant material layer 14 made of a composite material of fluororesin and titanium oxide and having an emissivity that roughly matches the spectral emissivity of human skin or clothing is provided, and the temperature Ta,
Measuring means 10 for measuring sensible temperature y considering one or more environmental factors of air flow velocity V and radiation Tr
, a humidity detector 11 that detects the humidity RH, a clothing amount input device 13 that inputs the thermal resistance clo corresponding to the amount of clothing on the human body, and each of the measuring means 10, the humidity detector 11, and the clothing amount input device 13. After receiving the output, calculate the thermal resistance clo corresponding to the humidity RH and amount of clothing by calculating the temperature Ta, air velocity V, and radiation.
1. A thermal environment measuring device comprising: an arithmetic circuit 12 for converting into a sensible temperature y using an arithmetic expression including each variable of Tr.