JPH06147668A - Maximum environment circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a fluid circuit in which working medium is compressed while an amount of consumption of working amount created through expansion of the working medium is being made minimum. CONSTITUTION: A fluid circuit comprises a compressor 10, a high-pressure reservoir 12, a turbine 14 and a low-pressure reservoir 16. A cooling vane 20 is wound around the compressor 10 in a helical manner. A cooling jacket 18 winds up around the compressor 10. Valves 22, 24, 26 and 28 are installed through the fluid circuit in order to control a flow rate of fluid and an entire pressure of the fluid circuit.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fluid circuit for job creation, and more particularly to a highly efficient fluid circuit that interacts with environmental conditions to maintain a thermal equilibrium state, in which the working fluid is a turbine Used in conjunction with a compressor, heat exchange mechanism, the turbine exhaust is used to reduce the work of the compressor by isothermal compression, and the internal energy of the turbine exhaust is recovered as secondary heat to reduce the ambient temperature. The present invention relates to the fluid circuit in which work is drawn out by adiabatic internal energy change which is a starting point.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventional fluid circuits for producing work typically include boilers, turbines, condensers and pumps. The heat for converting the working fluid into high pressure steam or gas for use as a working medium is supplied to the boiler by combustion of fossil fuels. Such steam is expanded in the turbine to create work output. In a heat removal mechanism for a fluid circuit, the steam exhausted from the turbine enters a condenser where sufficient heat is removed to condense the steam. The saturated liquid is sent to a pump, which raises its pressure to a saturation pressure corresponding to the boiler temperature, after which steam is sent to the boiler and the circuit is repeated. In standard fluid circuits, heat sources and heat sinks are used to establish temperature gradients that create heat flow. When a temperature difference is created, the working fluid is caused to flow by a pressure difference and / or a volume difference. The adaptability of such a fluid circuit depends on its efficiency. One obvious drawback in conventional fluid circuits is the fact that work input must be increased in order to develop extremely high pressures and temperatures through the addition of heat and thereby create a difference. Generally, in a conventional fluid circuit, the work required to compress the pressure of the vapor to its saturation pressure is greater than the work drawn from the fluid circuit via the turbine. The work input required to compress the vapor is functionally dependent on the temperature differential established to generate heat flow in the fluid circuit. In the past, efforts have been made to improve efficiency using latent or exhaust heat to reduce heat input.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fluid circuit for compressing the working medium in a circuit while minimizing the consumption of the work created by the expansion of the working medium. Is to provide. To achieve this, in the compression part of the circuit, the working medium is compressed and at the same time the vapor is cooled. As a result, the work of compression is minimized. Additional cooling can be done by standard A / C techniques. Another challenge is to reduce the input heat by using ambient air as the heat exchange medium. In the conventional work circuit, the temperature of the working fluid is heated above the ambient temperature in order to generate the temperature difference, whereas in the present invention, the temperature of the working fluid is maintained at or near the ambient temperature. For example, the ambient temperature is about 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
℃). Therefore, the input heat is substantially reduced than that required in conventional work circuits.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A fluid circuit of the present invention includes a turbine in which a working fluid exits at a first temperature and pressure less than or equal to the inflow temperature and pressure at which the working fluid entered. The compressor downstream of the turbine and the working fluid discharged from the turbine at the first temperature are exchanged with the compressor, thereby cooling the working fluid in the compressor and compressing the working fluid discharged from the turbine. Means for heating to a temperature above said first temperature by exchanging heat therethrough, a reservoir for the working fluid heated by the compressor and discharged from the turbine, and a working fluid from this reservoir to the compressor To the second reservoir and the compressor The compressed working fluid What second
Means for delivering the working fluid to the turbine, and means for delivering working fluid from the second reservoir to the turbine. Specifically, the fluid circuit of the present invention includes a high pressure gas reservoir, a turbine, a compressor,
It includes a low pressure reservoir, a heat exchanger, and flow control structures such as valves. The high pressure reservoir is in heat exchange relationship with ambient air and delivers the ambient temperature working fluid to the turbine. The working fluid used in the turbine is brought into heat exchange relationship with the compressor above its temperature. Thus, the compressed working fluid is maintained at a lower temperature than normally achieved in conventional compression operations. The working fluid exiting the turbine and heated by the compressor is then sent to a low pressure reservoir in heat exchange relationship with ambient air and then to the compressor inlet,
After being compressed in the compressor, it is directed back into the high pressure reservoir. Internal energy is used to output work to the outside due to adiabatic expansion. Such work does not require the heat flow itself for its output, as it occurs as a result of the reduction of internal energy and thus the temperature is lowered. The initial internal energy is recovered by other internal processes that raise the temperature to the starting point described below. Maximum internal energy can be converted without resorting to external heat using Curtis and impulse stages, as long as the critical pressure ratio is available at expansion rates of about 2 to 1. is there. According to the principles of conventional air conditioning systems, adiabatic compression is the preferred method for removing heat from the evaporator.
This is because such air conditioning systems aim to remove heat from cold to higher temperatures. The increase in pressure causes a practical temperature rise of the air conditioning system above ambient temperature or a sufficient temperature difference. In an air compressor circuit device in which high-pressure gas output is desired, there is a limit to the effect of reducing the input work by isothermal compression. This is because cooling is limited to ambient conditions. In such circuit devices, compression is initiated at ambient temperature and the temperature is raised. However, the exhaust from the turbine is used to cool the process. The temperature of the exhaust from the turbine, which is expanded adiabatically from ambient temperature, is significantly lower than ambient temperature, so isothermal compression is possible. The internal energy of the compression process is kept constant. As a result of the reduced internal energy of the exhaust from the turbine, the compression process is surrounded by a sub-ambient temperature environment, which causes the exhaust from the turbine to heat under constant pressure and its internal energy to that at the starting point. Will be increased. In this circuit there is no heat exchange outside the countercurrent flow inside it. Kelvin of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
According to Planck's principle, no work is generated by the two counteracting isothermal processes, and the circuit that creates the final work isothermally is invalid. In the circuit device,
Since the adiabatic process is co-operated with the isothermal process, the application or limitation of the above principles is eliminated. All final changes, in this case work, occur in the surrounding adiabatic process since the whole is returned to its initial state as a compound system. For the work to be created by the thermodynamic device, heat must be passed from the hot level (heat source) to the cold level (heat sink). The present invention satisfies this requirement. Thermodynamic device First of all, the internal energy produced by adiabatic expansion is changed, and the cold heat exiting must be dumped to a heat sink at a cold level. Such thermodynamic devices exhibit adiabatic temperature and reduced internal energy. Secondly, according to the air conditioning principle, the compressor in the circuit
The purpose is to remove or pump out the effluent from the evaporator as soon as possible to prevent pressure and / or temperature rise. Accordingly, a mechanically maintained heat sink or reservoir at a low temperature level is provided for the process of creating work. In thermodynamics, the type of sink or peripheral that acts as a cold temperature receptor is not specified or limited. It is an ambient condition or another system, in this case the internal heat exchanger and compression process. Fenn, J .; B. W. of San Francisco H. Freeman and Company, 1982 edition of "Engines, Energy, an.
On pages 5 and 6 of "dEntropy", if there is a correlation or correspondence between the observable changes between the "system and its surrounding systems or other systems," the system (object or set of objects There is an interaction between (as a) and its surrounding environment (or other system). "This is the existence of heat exchange or interaction in the presence of two temperature levels. It is believed that it excludes all views on: the surrounding environment does not have to be the sea, earth or atmosphere. In the case of denying the operability of the device, it is considered that the final work cannot occur due to the absence of heat input in these systems by drawing a boundary line around the entire system or systems.
Fenn solves this dilemma on page 15 of this matter. "Work is not energy. Work is a" genus "of a system.
However, energy does not belong. Work is "accidental" in our system, and we call it interaction. The system has energy, which does its job as an interaction where the energy of the system is changed by it. We "include" the system so big work
Is not considered, and thus we can represent the amount of work by changing the "work content" of the system. Thus, ΔW cannot be used to represent the amount of work done by W alone. Wherein ^{ΔW = MV 2/2 + ΔMgh} = W , the change in energy is a than to say only that equal to the amount and numerical work, the not have said that the work and energy are the same amount. "

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, a fluid circuit according to the present invention is schematically illustrated, which includes a compressor 10 and a high pressure reservoir 1.
2, a turbine 14, and a low pressure reservoir 16. A cooling blade 20 is spirally wound around the compressor 10, and a cooling jacket 18 surrounds the compressor. Valves 22, 24, 2
6, 28 are installed 2 via the fluid circuit to control the fluid flow rate and overall fluid circuit pressure 2. At the start of the circuit, the entire fluid circuit is first evacuated. A volume of pressurized fluid sufficient to maintain working pressure is injected into the fluid circuit until the compressor begins to return pressurized fluid. A suitable fluid for use in the fluid circuit of the present invention is Freon R-22 refrigerant (Freon is EI DuPont De Nemours).
& Co is a trademark of a fluorocarbon refrigerant owned by & Co. Pressurized fluid is delivered to high pressure reservoir 12 via valve 26 and conduit 30. This high pressure reservoir 12
Is equipped with a heat exchanger 32 for making the internal temperature equal to the ambient temperature.

Pressurized fluid is delivered from the high pressure reservoir 12 through conduit 34 and valve 28 to turbine 14 where it is expanded. Work is extracted by any number of conventional work extraction devices coupled to the turbine output shaft 35, such as by a drive shaft (not shown). The turbine output shaft 35 is the compressor 10
Also drives. The fluid discharged from the turbine is supplied to the conduit 3
It is sent to the chamber 37 inside the cooling jacket 18 surrounding the compressor 10 via 6. Insulation layer 38 surrounds conduit 36 that communicates between turbine 14 and chamber 37 to maintain the fluid in a cooled state. The temperature of the fluid that enters the chamber 37 and surrounds the compressor 10 is lower than that of the fluid inside the compressor 10. Cooling blades 2 provided along the compressor 10
0 promotes heat exchange using the compressor. After being discharged from the turbine and heated by the compressor, the fluid is delivered to low pressure reservoir 16 via conduit 40 and valve 24. The heat exchange between the low pressure reservoir 16 and the atmosphere is performed via the heat exchange element 42 inside the low pressure reservoir 16.

Fluid is delivered from low pressure reservoir 16 via conduit 44 and valve 22 to compressor inlet 43.
The compressor pressurizes the fluid from the low pressure reservoir,
It is delivered via conduit 30 and valve 26 to a high pressure reservoir to complete the fluid circuit. Also included is a means 45 for providing the fluid circuit with any work or heat required to maintain the fluid circuit in continuous operation. Such means 45 may be located at required points throughout the fluid circuit. The arrangement of the means 45 is exemplary only and not absolute.

Examples The following are Freon® R-22 as the working fluid.
Refrigerant is used and the atmospheric temperature is approximately 80 ° F (approximately 44.4 ° C).
And pressure values for the working fluid according to the fluid circuit shown in FIG. The enthalpy (hereinafter simply H) value was also calculated for the fluid circuit. The pressure of the working fluid in the high pressure reservoir 12 is maintained at 110 psia (7.73 kgw / cm ^{2 in} absolute value), and H is 113.8 BTU / LB. The pressure of the fluid discharged from the turbine is 56 psia (3.93 kgw / cm ^{2 in} absolute value) and the temperature is 20 ° F. (about 11.
11 ° C), and H is 106.5 BTU / LB. After heat exchange using the compressor, the fluid pressure is 56 psia (3.93 kgw / cm absolute).
² ), the temperature was 75 ° F (about 41.66 ° C). The temperature inside the low pressure reservoir was 80 ° F (about 44.4 ° C) and H was 116.5 BTU / LB. The fluid is about 110 psia (7.7 in absolute value) inside the compressor.
It was pressurized to ³ kgw / cm ² ). The exhaust temperature from the compressor was about 90 ° F (about 50.0 ° C). H
Was 115.6 BTU / LB. Additional work or heat may be provided to the fluid circuit to maintain it in continuous operation. The pressures and temperatures used are schematic to show the increased efficiency of the fluid circuit of the present invention over the prior art.

A circuit using the fluid circuit shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. Here, the Y-axis represents temperature and the X-axis represents pressure. Line AB represents the compression stage that occurs at constant temperature T1 or ambient temperature. Expansion at the turbine is shown by line BC. Cooling in the compressor and reheat of the exhaust from the turbine is accomplished through heat exchange with ambient air, which is shown in line CA. The cooled exhaust from the turbine lowers the temperature of the compressor, increasing steam to minimize enthalpy and thereby increasing work input. It will be appreciated that the temperature of the fluid throughout this circuit is generally maintained at or near ambient temperature. Eventually, the work input to the fluid circuit to establish the imbalance, as illustrated in FIG.
Less than that required in conventional fluid circuits.

In conventional circuits, such as Rankine circuits, the heat of compression is formed by a pump. The compression stage for this is represented in FIG. 3 by the line A'B '. In order to establish a temperature difference, the fluid circuit has conventionally been heated, for example by burning fossil fuel to raise the temperature from point B'to point C'under constant pressure conditions. Significant heat input is required to pressurize the fluid to the temperature at point C '. The expansion of the fluid is shown by the line C'A '. A circuit using the fluid circuit shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. Here the temperature is plotted on the Y-axis and the entropy is plotted on the X-axis. At point A, the entropy (hereinafter simply referred to as S) is equal to 0.2250 and the enthalpy (H) is equal to 114 BTU / LB. Line AB represents turbine expansion. At point B, S equals 0.2250 and H equals 106 BTU / LB, and the pressure is 56 psia (3.93 k absolute).
gw / cm ² ). Line BC represents the heat exchange between the turbine exhaust and the compressor 10. At point C, S equals 0.2443 and H equals 116 BTU / LB. Line CD shows isentropic compression, at point D H equals 124.7 BTU / LB and pressure is 110 (absolute value 7.73 kgw / cm ² ).

Another embodiment of the fluid circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The fluid circuit includes a high pressure reservoir 46, a turbine 48, and a compressor 50, like the fluid circuit shown in FIG. The fluid circuit of FIG. 2 contains the compressor within a low pressure receiving chamber 52 which eliminates the separate, low pressure reservoir as in the fluid circuit of FIG. It is different from the circuit. The fluid circuit of Figure 2 also includes means 54 for providing any work or heat necessary to maintain the fluid circuit in continuous operation. In all other respects, the fluid circuit of FIG.
Operated in the same way as that of. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific examples, it should be understood that many modifications can be made within the present invention.

[0012]

【The invention's effect】

1. The circuit is characterized by being extremely efficient and capable of operating without pollution and without exhausting finite resources. The circuit according to the invention is, to a large extent, practically characterized in that it can be assembled using currently available "in stock and readily available" components.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a schematic diagram of a system for creating a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system for creating a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing pressure versus temperature in a conventional effort creation circuit and a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the pressure versus temperature of a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10: Compressor 12: High pressure reservoir 14: Turbine 16: Low pressure reservoir 20: Cooling blade 35: Turbine output shaft 37: Chamber 42: Heat exchange element 43: Compressor inlet

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A fluid circuit for creating work, which is a turbine for creating work output, wherein a working fluid is expanded at an input temperature and pressure, which is higher than the input temperature and pressure. The turbine for discharging at a low first temperature, a compressor downstream of the turbine, and the working fluid discharged from the turbine at the first temperature for exchanging heat with the compressor, whereby the interior of the compressor First means for cooling the working fluid of the compressor and also for heating the working fluid discharged from the turbine to a temperature above said first temperature by heat exchange there, and by means of a compressor A first reservoir for working fluid from the turbine; and sending working fluid from the first reservoir to a compressor. In the means for compression, and the second re and Ba, wherein the working fluid compressed by the compressor second
Fluid circuit comprising: means for delivering to a reservoir of the second fluid source; and means for delivering a working fluid from the second reservoir to a turbine. 2. The fluid circuit of claim 1 including means for effecting heat exchange between the first reservoir and ambient air. 3. The fluid circuit of claim 1 including means for connecting a turbine to the compressor to drive the compressor. 4. The second reservoir is a high pressure reservoir, positioned between the turbine downstream of the compressor and the compressor, and provided with means for effecting heat exchange between the high pressure reservoir and ambient air. One fluid circuit. 5. The fluid circuit of claim 1, wherein the first reservoir is defined by a jacket surrounding the compressor. 6. A method of operating a working fluid to create work in a system comprising a compressor and a turbine, the working fluid being sent to a turbine at an input pressure and temperature, thereby producing a work output. , Then discharging the working fluid from the turbine at a pressure and temperature lower than the input pressure and temperature, cooling the compressor using the working fluid discharged from the turbine, and discharging the turbine and the compressor Sending the working fluid heat-exchanged with the compressor to the compressor fluid inlet for compression by the compressor, compressing the working fluid delivered through the compressor fluid inlet in the compressor, and compressing by the compressor. Delivering a working fluid to the turbine Method. 7. The method of claim 6 including the step of maintaining the temperature of the working fluid substantially constant as it is compressed in the compressor. 8. The system includes a high pressure reservoir, causing heat exchange between the high pressure reservoir and ambient air, and delivering working fluid from the compressor to the high pressure reservoir prior to delivery to the turbine. The method of claim 6, wherein 9. The system includes a low pressure reservoir for delivering a working fluid heat exchanged with the compressor to the low pressure reservoir prior to delivery to the fluid inlet of the compressor; and between the low pressure reservoir and ambient air. The step of causing heat exchange at, thereby causing the temperature of the working fluid entering the compressor to be substantially equal to ambient temperature. 10. The method of claim 6 including the step of coupling the turbine and compressor such that the turbine and compressor interact. 11. Evacuating the system, and then providing the system with a pressurized working fluid in vapor form sufficient to maintain the working pressure until the system is activated and the compressor returns the pressurized working fluid. 7. The method of claim 6 including the step of filling in different volumes. 12. A method for acting a working fluid to create work, comprising: providing a fluid inlet to a fluid compressor and turbine; increasing the pressure of the working fluid in the compressor; Expanding the working fluid to create a work output thereby reducing the working fluid pressure and temperature entering the turbine to a working fluid pressure and temperature exhausted from the turbine below that temperature; Maintaining the working fluid temperature substantially constant by cooling the compressor through heat exchange using working fluid discharged from the turbine as the pressure is increased in the compressor; Heating the discharged working fluid by heat exchange with the compressor and from the turbine to the compressor. Delivering the heated working fluid to the fluid inlet of the turbine.