JP3361828B2 - Maximum environmental circuit - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fluid circuit for work output , and more particularly to a highly efficient fluid circuit that interacts with environmental conditions to maintain thermal equilibrium, in which the working fluid is a turbine. , compressors, are used in conjunction with heat exchange mechanism, an exhaust of the turbine, is used to reduce the workload of the I Ri complexity <br/> Ssa to isothermal compression, or turbine
Is recovered as an internal energy secondary heat exhaust et relates Ru Fluid circuit drawn work by adiabatic internal energy change of the ambient temperature and the starting point.

[0002]

Fluid circuit from the conventional to the Prior Art is occurs a job includes typically boiler, turbine, condenser and pump. The heat for converting the working fluid into high pressure steam or gas for use as a working medium is supplied to the boiler by combustion of fossil fuels. Such steam is expanded in the turbine to create work output. In a heat removal mechanism for a fluid circuit, the steam exhausted from the turbine enters a condenser where sufficient heat is removed to condense the steam. The saturated liquid is sent to a pump, which raises its pressure to a saturation pressure corresponding to the boiler temperature, after which steam is sent to the boiler and the circuit is repeated. In standard fluid circuits, heat sources and heat sinks are used to establish temperature gradients that create heat flow. When a temperature difference is created, the working fluid is caused to flow by a pressure difference and / or a volume difference. The adaptability of such a fluid circuit depends on its efficiency. One obvious drawback of the fluid circuit from the prior art, thereby creating a difference a very high pressure and temperature and so by occurs through the addition of heat
Or more, to say that inevitably work input is large. Generally, in a conventional fluid circuit, the work required to compress the pressure of the vapor to its saturation pressure is greater than the work drawn from the fluid circuit via the turbine.
Work input required to compress the vapor functionally dependent on the temperature difference to be established in order to generate heat flow into the fluid circuit. In the past, efforts have been made to improve efficiency using latent or exhaust heat to reduce heat input.

[0003]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fluid circuit for compressing the working medium in a circuit while minimizing the consumption of the work created by the expansion of the working medium. Is to provide. Look at this
To reveal, in the compression portion of the circuit, the working medium is compressed while the vapor is cooled. As a result, the work of compression is minimized. Additional cooling may be provided by standard air conditioning ( A / C ) techniques. Another challenge is to reduce the input heat by using ambient air as the heat exchange medium. In the conventional work circuit, the temperature of the working fluid is heated above the ambient temperature in order to generate the temperature difference, whereas in the present invention, the temperature of the working fluid is maintained at or near the ambient temperature. For example, ambient temperature is approximately 80 ° F
(About 26.6 ° C.). Therefore, the input heat is substantially reduced than that required in conventional work circuits.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems] fluid circuit of the present invention, specifications
The working fluid is used as a turbine to create
It is expanded under ambient input temperature and pressure, and the expansion causes
A first temperature and pressure lower than the ambient input temperature and pressure
A turbine that discharges the working fluid under the state of
Located downstream of the turbine and discharged from the turbine
Compressor for compressing working fluid and turbine
A first temperature, lower than the ambient input temperature, discharged from the
Heat exchange between the working fluid and the compressor,
Cools the working fluid inside the compressor and
First means for heating the working fluid discharged from the
Compressor and working fluid discharged from turbine
Second means for cooling surrounding a compressor
The working fluid from the turbine heated by the sir
Heated by the first reservoir and compressor for
For delivering an applied working fluid to the first reservoir
And, in order to compress the working fluid by the compressor,
For sending from the first reservoir to the compressor
By means, the second reservoir and the compressor
For delivering a compressed working fluid to the second reservoir
And a working flow from the second reservoir to the turbine.
It consists of a means for sending the body . Specifically, the fluid circuit of the present invention includes a high pressure reservoir, a turbine, a compressor, a low pressure reservoir, a heat exchanger, a flow control structure such as a valve, and the like. The high pressure reservoir is in heat exchange relationship with the ambient air and delivers the working fluid at ambient temperature to the turbine. The working fluid used in the turbine is brought into heat exchange relationship with the compressor above its temperature. Therefore, the compressor
The working fluid vapor compressed in the compressor is maintained at a temperature below that normally maintained in conventional compression. On the other hand, the working fluid heated by heat exchange with the compressor is then sent to a low pressure reservoir in heat exchange relationship with the ambient air, then to the compressor inlet, where it is compressed in the compressor and then the high pressure reservoir. Sent to. Internal energy is used to provide external work by adiabatic expansion. External work occurs as a result of the reduction of internal energy, and eventually the temperature drops, so that heat flow is not needed per se. The initial internal energy is recovered as described below by other internal processes that raise the lowered temperature to the starting point. Converts maximum internal energy without resorting to external heat using Curtis and impulse stage turbines, as long as the critical pressure ratio can be used at expansion ratios of about 2 to 1 It is possible. According to conventional air conditioning system principles, adiabatic compression is the preferred method for removing heat from the evaporator. This is because such an air conditioning system is intended to remove heat from the low to high temperature range. An increase in pressure due to adiabatic compression causes a temperature increase above ambient temperature or a sufficient temperature difference that is suitable for practical use of an air conditioning system. In an air compressor device in which high-pressure gas output is desired, there is a limit to the effect of reducing the input work by isothermal compression. This is because cooling is limited to ambient conditions. In the fluid circuit of the present invention, compression begins at ambient temperature and the temperature rises, but the exhaust from the turbine cools the compression process. The high pressure steam discharged from the turbine expands adiabatically to ambient temperature, which is well below ambient temperature. Thus, isothermal compression is possible and the internal energy of the compression process is kept constant. The compression process is enclosed in a sub-ambient temperature environment that results from the reduction of internal energy in the exhaust from the turbine. Exhaust gas from the turbine is its internal energy is heated under a constant pressure by heat compression from <br/> compression process at a low temperature environment than the ambient temperature is increased to that of the starting point, whereas the compression process The heat of compression is removed from them and thus the compression process is carried out isothermally. In this system,
There is no heat exchange between the internal countercurrent flow, ie the exhaust vapor flow from the turbine and the flow in the compression process, and the outside. According to the Kelvin-Planck principle of the second law of thermodynamics, no work is generated by the two counteracting isothermal processes, and the circuit that creates the final work isothermally is invalid. In the fluid circuit of the present invention, the adiabatic process is coordinated with the isothermal process, thus eliminating the application or limitation of the above principles. All final changes from the adiabatic process, in this case work, occur in the surrounding environment because the whole is returned to its initial state as a complex system. In order for the thermodynamic device to generate work, heat must be transferred from a high temperature level (heat source) to a low temperature level (heat sink), which the present invention satisfies. That is, first of all, the adiabatic expansion changes the internal energy of the exhaust flow from the turbine and the cold heat of the exhaust flow is wasted to the low temperature heat sink.
It In the fluid circuit of the present invention, temperature and internal energy are reduced adiabatically. Second, viewed from the air-conditioning principle, the compressor roles in the fluid circuit of the present invention, the evaporator as quickly removed or can exhaust flow from pumping, preventing an increase in the pressure of the exhaust flow and or temperature That is. Thus, a mechanically maintained heat sink or reservoir for the work-producing process is provided. In thermodynamics, the type of sink or surrounding environment that acts as a cold receptor is not specified or limited. It may be ambient conditions or another system, in the present case internal heat exchanger and compression process. Fenn,
J. B. W. of San Francisco H. Freem
An and Company's 1982 edition of "En
"Gines, Energy, and Entropy," p. 5 and 6, when there is a correlation or correspondence between observable changes between the "system and its surrounding systems or other systems," States that there is an interaction between a body (as a collection of objects) and its surrounding environment (or other system). "This theory states that there are two temperature levels,
And it would preclude all views on the existence of heat exchange or heat interactions. The surrounding environment is the sea,
It does not have to be the earth or the atmosphere. Most thermodynamicists use the Kelvin-Planck principle of the second law of thermodynamics to deny the operability of a thermodynamic device by drawing a boundary line around the entire system or systems. We think that the final work cannot occur without heat input. Fen
n solves this dilemma on page 15 in this way.
"Work is not energy. A system does not have work, but a system has energy. Work in a system is something that" produces "in the system, so to speak, an interaction. The energy of the system changes when there is a lot of "work" in the system, and it cannot be said that the amount can be expressed by the amount of change in "work". The amount of work done
It cannot be represented by the amount of change in work, that is, ΔW.
Energy variation, i.e. ^{ΔE = MV 2/2 + ΔMgh} =
The expression W only indicates that the amount of change in energy is numerically equal to the amount of work, and does not indicate that the amount of change in work and the amount of change in energy are the same. "

[0005]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, a fluid circuit according to the present invention is schematically illustrated, which includes a compressor 10 and a high pressure reservoir 1.
2, a turbine 14, and a low pressure reservoir 16. A cooling blade 20 is spirally wound around the compressor 10, and a cooling jacket 18 surrounds the compressor. Valves 22, 24, 2
6, 28 is, Ru is installed through a fluid circuit to control the fluid flow rate and pressure of the entire flow body circuit. At the start of the circuit, the entire fluid circuit is first evacuated. A volume of pressurized fluid sufficient to maintain working pressure is injected into the fluid circuit until the compressor begins to return pressurized fluid. A suitable fluid for use in the fluid circuit of the present invention is Freon R-22 refrigerant (Freon is EI DuPont De Nemours).
& Co is a trademark of a fluorocarbon refrigerant. Pressurized fluid is delivered to high pressure reservoir 12 via valve 26 and conduit 30. This high pressure reservoir 12
Is equipped with a heat exchanger 32 for making the internal temperature equal to the ambient temperature.

Pressurized fluid is delivered from the high pressure reservoir 12 through conduit 34 and valve 28 to turbine 14 where it is expanded. Work is extracted by any number of conventional work extraction devices coupled to the turbine output shaft 35, such as by a drive shaft (not shown). The turbine output shaft 35 is the compressor 10
Also drives. The fluid discharged from the turbine is supplied to the conduit 3
6 is sent to the chamber 37 inside the cooling jacket 18 surrounding the compressor 10. Insulation layer 38 surrounds conduit 36 that communicates between turbine 14 and chamber 37 to maintain the fluid in a cooled state.
The cooling jacket 18 is a working flow inside the compressor.
Cools the body and heats the working fluid discharged from the turbine
The working fluid discharged from the turbine to
Designed as the first means for exchanging heat with the presser.
To use. The temperature of the fluid that enters the chamber 37 and surrounds the compressor 10 is lower than that of the fluid inside the compressor 10. Cooling vanes 20 along the compressor 10 facilitate heat exchange using the compressor. After being discharged from the turbine and heated by the compressor, the fluid is delivered to low pressure reservoir 16 via conduit 40 and valve 24. This low pressure reservoir 1
6 and the heat exchange between the atmosphere is made via a heat exchange element 42 inside the low-pressure reservoir 16.

Fluid is delivered from low pressure reservoir 16 via conduit 44 and valve 22 to compressor inlet 43.
The compressor pressurizes the fluid from the low pressure reservoir,
It is delivered via conduit 30 and valve 26 to a high pressure reservoir to complete the fluid circuit. Early works of fluid circuits
The dynamic temperature environment is sufficient for the fluid circuit to operate optimally
Below the minimum temperature to provide sufficient temperature and pressure
At times, there is a need in the art to replenish the fluid circuit with any work or heat required to maintain it in continuous operation.
Known energy supply means 45 are also included. Such energy replenishing means 45 can be arranged at necessary points in the entire fluid circuit. The arrangement of the energy supply means 45 is merely an example and is not absolute.

[0008] Examples The following, using Freon R-22 refrigerant as a working fluid, on the assumption that the ambient temperature of about 80 ° F (about 26.6 ° C.), the fluid work by the fluid circuit shown in FIG. 1 And pressure and temperature values for. Enthalpy (hereinafter simply H
Value) was also calculated for the fluid circuit. Working fluid pressure in high pressure reservoir 12 is 110 psi
a (absolute value 7.73 kgw / cm ² )
Is 113.8 BTU / LB. The pressure of the fluid discharged from the turbine is 56 psia (3.93 kg in absolute value).
w / cm < ² >), the temperature is 20 <0> F (about -6.6 <0> C), and H is 106.5 BTU / LB. After heat exchange using the compressor, the fluid pressure is 56p
sia (absolute value 3.93 kgw / cm ² ) and temperature 7
The temperature was 5 ° F (about 23.8 ° C). The temperature inside the low pressure reservoir is 80 ° F (about 26.6 ° C) and H is 11
It was 6.5 BTU / LB. The fluid is about 110 psia (absolute value: 7.73 kgw / cm) inside the compressor.
² ) Pressurized. The exhaust temperature from the compressor was about 90 ° F (about 32.2 ° C). H is 115.6B
It was TU / LB. Additional work or heat may be provided to the fluid circuit to maintain it in continuous operation. The pressures and temperatures used are schematic to show the increased efficiency of the fluid circuit of the present invention over the prior art.

A circuit using the fluid circuit shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. Here, the Y-axis represents temperature and the X-axis represents pressure. Line AB represents the compression stage that occurs at constant temperature T1 or ambient temperature. Expansion at the turbine is shown by line BC. Cooling and compressor,
Reheat of the exhaust from the turbine is accomplished through heat exchange with ambient air, which is shown by line CA. Turned into minimizing the increase in enthalpy cooled exhaust from the turbine is lowered the temperature of the compressor and vapor, thereby minimizing the work input. It will be appreciated that the temperature of the fluid throughout this circuit is generally maintained at or near ambient temperature. Finally, the work input to the fluid circuit to establish the imbalance is less than that required in conventional fluid circuits, as also illustrated in FIG.

In conventional circuits, such as Rankine circuits, the heat of compression is formed by a pump. The compression stage for this is represented in FIG. 3 by the line A'B '. In order to establish a temperature difference, the fluid circuit has conventionally been heated, for example by burning fossil fuel to raise the temperature from point B'to point C'under constant pressure conditions. Significant heat input is required to pressurize the fluid to the temperature at point C '. The expansion of the fluid is shown by the line C'A '. A circuit using the fluid circuit shown in FIG. 1 is illustrated in FIG. Here the temperature is plotted on the Y-axis and the entropy is plotted on the X-axis. At point A, the entropy (hereinafter simply referred to as S) is equal to 0.2250 and the enthalpy (H) is equal to 114 BTU / LB. Line AB represents turbine expansion. At point B, S equals 0.2250 and H equals 106 BTU / LB, and the pressure is 56 psia (3.93 k absolute).
gw / cm ² ). Line BC represents the heat exchange between the turbine exhaust and the compressor 10. At point C, S equals 0.2443 and H equals 116 BTU / LB. Line CD shows isentropic compression, at point D H equals 124.7 BTU / LB and pressure is 110 (absolute value 7.73 kgw / cm ² ).

Another embodiment of the fluid circuit according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The fluid circuit includes a high pressure reservoir 46, a turbine 48, and a compressor 50, like the fluid circuit shown in FIG. The fluid circuit of FIG. 2 contains the compressor within a low pressure receiving chamber 52 which eliminates the separate, low pressure reservoir as in the fluid circuit of FIG. It is different from the circuit. In the fluid circuit of FIG. 2, the initial operating temperature environment of the fluid circuit optimizes the fluid circuit.
To provide sufficient temperature and pressure to operate under conditions
Also included are energy replenishing means 54 known in the art for providing any work or heat necessary to maintain the fluid circuit in continuous operation when below the minimum temperature of In all other respects, the fluid circuit of FIG. 2 operates similarly to that of FIG. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to specific examples, it should be understood that many modifications can be made within the present invention.

[0012]

According to the present invention efficiency is rather very high, and pollution, to operate without depleting and finite resources without causing obtained, a large part of its, to get as soon as there is an "inventory currently available get "feature practically being able assembled using parts
A fluid circuit having a is provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a schematic diagram of a system for creating a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a system for creating a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing pressure versus temperature in a conventional effort creation circuit and a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the pressure versus temperature of a work creation circuit according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10: Compressor 12: High pressure reservoir 14: Turbine 16: Low pressure reservoir 20: Cooling blade 35: Turbine output shaft 37: Chamber 42: Heat exchange element 43: Compressor inlet

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fluid circuit for creating work, which is a turbine for creating work output, wherein a working fluid is expanded under ambient input temperature and pressure, the expansion causing the ambient input temperature and A turbine for discharging the working fluid under a condition of a first temperature and pressure lower than the pressure, a compressor arranged downstream of the turbine for compressing the working fluid discharged from the turbine, and a compressor for discharging the working fluid It is the, and the working fluid and the compressor of the first temperature below ambient input temperatures to heat exchange, first for pressurized hot working fluid discharged to the compressor inside the working fluid from the cooling and turbine 1 means, a compressor, and a working fluid discharged from the turbine
Means for surrounding and cooling the compressor, a first reservoir for working fluid from the turbine heated by the compressor, and a first fluid for delivering working fluid heated by the compressor to the first reservoir. Means for sending the working fluid from the first reservoir to the compressor for compressing the working fluid by the compressor; a second reservoir; and a working fluid compressed by the compressor for the second
A means for delivering a working fluid from the second reservoir to a turbine, and a fluid circuit for creating work . 2. The fluid circuit of claim 1 including means for effecting heat exchange between the first reservoir and ambient air. 3. The fluid circuit of claim 1 including means for connecting a turbine to the compressor to drive the compressor. 4. The second reservoir is a high pressure reservoir, positioned between the turbine and the compressor downstream of the compressor and provided with means for effecting heat exchange between the high pressure reservoir and ambient air. One fluid circuit. 5. The fluid circuit of claim 1, wherein the first reservoir is defined by a jacket surrounding the compressor. 6. A method of working a working fluid to create work in a system comprising a turbine and a compressor located downstream of the turbine for compressing the working fluid discharged from the turbine. Te, feeding working fluid at a input pressure and temperature on the turbine to generate thereby work output, then the steps of discharging the working fluid from the turbine at a said input pressure and low pressure and temperature than the temperature, turbines Sending the working fluid discharged from the compressor and having undergone heat exchange with the compressor to a fluid inlet of the compressor for compression by the compressor, and compressing the working fluid delivered through the fluid inlet of the compressor in the compressor. Compress using the working fluid discharged from the turbine
Cooling the working fluid in the turbine , the compressor, and the working fluid discharged from the turbine.
A turbine disposed downstream of the turbine, the method comprising: surrounding and cooling the turbine; and delivering a working fluid compressed by a compressor to the turbine.
For compressing the working fluid discharged from the turbine
Creating jobs in a system equipped with a compressor
How to make the working fluid work . 7. The method of claim 6 in which working fluid is included the step of maintaining the temperature at the time of being compressed in the compressor to a constant real qualitatively. 8. The system includes a high pressure reservoir, causing heat exchange between the high pressure reservoir and ambient air, and delivering working fluid from the compressor to the high pressure reservoir prior to delivery to the turbine. The method of claim 6, wherein 9. The system includes a low pressure reservoir for delivering a working fluid heat exchanged with the compressor to the low pressure reservoir prior to delivery to the fluid inlet of the compressor; and between the low pressure reservoir and ambient air. The step of causing heat exchange at, thereby causing the temperature of the working fluid entering the compressor to be substantially equal to ambient temperature. 10. The method of claim 6 including the step of coupling the turbine and compressor such that the turbine and compressor interact. 11. Evacuating the system, and then providing the system with a pressurized working fluid in vapor form sufficient to maintain the working pressure until the system is activated and the compressor returns the pressurized working fluid. 7. The method of claim 6 including the step of filling in different volumes. 12. A method for operating a working fluid to create work, comprising: a turbine having a working fluid inlet; and a working fluid disposed downstream of the turbine for compressing the working fluid discharged from the turbine. And the step of increasing the pressure of the working fluid in the compressor, and expanding the working fluid in the turbine to create work output,
And reducing the ambient input temperature and pressure of the working fluid by the expansion to the exhaust temperature and pressure from the turbine, which is below the ambient input temperature and pressure, and increasing the pressure of the working fluid in the compressor. when it is, Con using working fluid discharged from the turbine
Working inside the compressor through heat exchange with the presser
Cooling the fluid to maintain the working fluid temperature substantially constant; the compressor, and the working fluid discharged from the turbine.
Cooling the working fluid discharged from the turbine by heat exchange with the compressor, and delivering the working fluid heated by the compressor from the turbine to the fluid inlet of the turbine. Including working fluids to create work
The method of the eye.