JPH06146625A - Room for reducing visibility from exterior - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the visibility of the inside from the outside suitably for a residence, shop, building, etc. CONSTITUTION:For an illumination lamp 4 is used one having a luminescent spectrum consisting of luminescence in at least a specified wave length region formed of line spectra and luminescence mainly consisting of continuous spectra in regions other than the specified wave length region and using luminescent energy in regions other than the specified wave length region of 40% or less of all luminescent energy. For a transparent window 2 is used a transparent base body covered with a wave length selectively penetrating film 2B and reflection preventing film 3 so that the transmittivity of light in the specified wave length region is lower than that in region other than the specified wave length region.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a room in which it is difficult to see the inside from the outside through a window, and particularly to a room such as a house or a building, an interior space of an automobile, a store such as a restaurant or a retail business, You can see the outside, but you can see the outside of the room from the outside.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Rooms such as office building rooms and living rooms of private houses, which are provided with a lighting lamp inside and windows at their openings, are difficult to see from the outside, and there is a demand for ensuring so-called privacy. large. In response to this requirement, the glass plate of the transparent window is coated with a thin film such as metal oxide or metal nitride to increase the reflectance of the window and at the same time reduce the visible light transmittance to see the internal space from the outside. It is known that the visibility at that time is reduced.
Further, it is known that lighting is attached to the edge surface of the glass of the transparent window to make the entire glass brighter and thereby reduce the visibility from the outside to the internal space of the room.

However, according to the prior art, when the inside space is seen from the outside when the outside is brighter than the inside space during the daytime, the amount of light reflected from the transparent window surface is large. The amount of transmitted light from the inside is small (Fig. 21).
(A)) reduces the visibility, but when the external brightness at night is very small compared to the internal space, the amount of light reflected from the window surface is relatively small, There is a problem in that the transmitted light becomes visible more and the state of the internal space becomes visible (FIG. 21B). According to the second conventional technique, visibility is low when the internal space is viewed from the outside regardless of the brightness of the outside, but since it is necessary to provide lighting, a large window structure is provided, and an extra window is provided. There is a problem that power is required and power consumption is large.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the problems of the above-mentioned prior art.
When you look inside the room from the outside, you can hardly see people in the room or objects in the room both at daytime and at night, and when you look at the outside from the room both outside at daytime and at night The purpose of the present invention is to provide a room in which people in the room and objects outside can be seen, and in which the room can be illuminated brightly with low power consumption.

[0005]

The present invention is a room in which an illumination lamp is provided inside and a transparent window is provided in an opening, wherein (a) the light source of the illumination lamp is at least one of a line spectrum. Has an emission spectrum consisting of emission in one specific wavelength region and emission mainly consisting of a continuous spectrum other than the specific wavelength region, and the emission energy in the regions other than the specific wavelength region is 40% or less of the total emission energy, b) The transparent window is formed by coating a wavelength selection transmission film on a transparent substrate such that the light transmission in the specific wavelength region is lower than the light transmission in a region other than the specific wavelength region. The above-mentioned room is covered with an antireflection film in the visible wavelength range, thereby reducing the visibility from the inside to the outside of the room.

As the light source of the illumination lamp used in the present invention, a fluorescent lamp (for example, a fluorescent lamp Palook manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works), a mercury lamp (a transparent mercury lamp manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works), a fluorescent mercury lamp (Pana Super manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works) Examples thereof include a mercury lamp), a metal halide lamp (multi-halogen lamp manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.), and a low-pressure sodium lamp (super sodium lamp manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.).

In order to light an illumination lamp with a relatively low power consumption which can be practically used and to achieve the object of the present invention, the light source of the illumination lamp has at least one specific wavelength range consisting of the emission of a line spectrum. It is necessary to have light emission and light emission mainly composed of a continuous spectrum other than the specific wavelength region, and the emission energy outside the specific wavelength region is 40% or less of the total emission energy.

From the viewpoint of increasing the total efficiency represented by (effective luminous flux / power consumption) of illumination, it is more preferable that the emission energy in the region other than the specific wavelength region is 20% or less of the total emission energy.

In particular, blue-violet (wavelength 400 to 480 nm), green (wavelength 500 to 570 nm), red (610 to 700 n)
The three-wavelength fluorescent lamp having at least one line spectrum in each region of (m) can illuminate the room brightly with a relatively small power consumption and has a good color rendering property, and the visibility of the room interior from the outside can be improved. It is preferable because it can be lowered.

The blue-violet, green, and red wavelength ranges can be set by arbitrarily selecting phosphors. However, when the wavelength range is widened, the wavelength range in which the light transmittance of the transparent window is low is widened. As the amount of light transmitted through the transparent window decreases, it becomes difficult to control the transmittance of the transparent window. When the specific wavelength region is one, the wavelength width is 200 nm or less, in two cases it is 100 nm or less, and in three cases it is 80 nm each.
It is preferably nm or less. If the wavelength width of the specific wavelength region is narrow, the illumination efficiency of the illumination lamp is reduced, and it becomes difficult to obtain bright illumination, which is not preferable. From the viewpoint of not lowering the illumination efficiency of the illumination lamp, it is preferably 20 nm or more.

As the illumination lamp used in the present invention, the above-mentioned light source may be used as it is, but the optical filter member having wavelength selectivity is used before the light emitted from the light source reaches the transparent window. It is possible to use those provided so as to pass through.

As such an optical filter member, for example, a glass plate or a plastic plate coated with a metal film or a metal nitride film that absorbs light by itself, or a transparent oxide having a larger refractive index and a refractive index larger than that of the transparent oxide having a larger refractive index are used. A known optical filter having wavelength selectivity in which a glass plate or a plastic plate is covered with a multilayer film in which low transparent oxides are alternately laminated can be used.

In the transparent window according to the present invention, a transparent plate is coated with a known optical multilayer film having wavelength selectivity, and the indoor surface of the transparent window is viewed from the indoor side in the visible wavelength range. Those coated with an antireflection film for reducing the reflectance from the are preferably used. A glass plate or a plastic plate can be used as the transparent plate. Further, the organic film coated with the optical multi-layered film having the wavelength selectivity can be attached to a transparent plate and used. Examples of the film having absorption in the visible wavelength range include a metal film, a metal nitride film, and a metal carbide film.

As the antireflection film, a metal oxide film which does not absorb in the visible wavelength region, a metal nitride film which absorbs light, or the like is used as a single layer or a laminated layer. In particular, in the multi-layer type of the antireflection film, at least the lowermost layer is composed of a film having absorption in the visible wavelength range, which is the antireflection property of the transparent window when viewed from the inside. It is desirable to make it good.

The lower the average reflectance of the transparent window with respect to the light in the visible wavelength region as viewed from the indoor side, the more the visibility from the inside of the room to the outside improves. The average reflectance of the transparent window with respect to light in the visible wavelength region when viewed from the inside is 20%.
The following is preferable for ensuring visibility from the inside of the room to the outside at night. In particular, it is preferable that the average reflectance is 5% or less in order to secure the same level of visibility as that of ordinary window glass.

The smaller the size of the spectral radiant flux transmitted through the transparent window and emitted to the outside with respect to the size of the spectral radiant flux incident on the transparent window, the lower the visibility of the inside of the room seen from the outside through the transparent window, Therefore, the privacy inside the room is further secured. The maximum value of the spectral radiant flux emitted through the transparent window is 5 of the maximum value of the spectral radiant flux incident on the transparent window.
% Or less is preferable in terms of almost eliminating visibility and ensuring good privacy. Further, it is preferable that the maximum value of the spectral radiant flux radiated through the transparent window is 1% or less of the spectral radiant flux incident on the transparent window in order to eliminate the visibility and secure privacy even at night.

Further, it is preferable that the transparent window has a light transmittance of 5% or more in a wavelength region other than the specific wavelength region in order to enhance the visibility when the outside is seen from the inside of the room through the transparent window. It is more preferably 20% or more.

[0018]

The light emitted from the illumination lamp has a high emission intensity in the specific wavelength range and a low emission intensity outside the specific wavelength range. The light transmittance of the transparent window is associated with the wavelength characteristic of the light emitted from the illumination lamp, is small in the specific wavelength region, and is large in the wavelengths other than the specific wavelength region.
The visible light reflectance of the transparent window seen from the room side is lowered by an antireflection film provided on the surface of the transparent window on the room side. Therefore, the amount of light emitted from the illumination lamp that is transmitted through the transparent window and reflected by the transparent window is greatly reduced. On the other hand, external light having a wavelength other than the specific wavelength range is not much attenuated even if it passes through the transparent window and enters the room. This reduces the visibility when seeing objects inside the room from the outside even when the brightness of the outside space is low, and at the same time the visibility when seeing objects outside the room from inside the room where the lighting lamps are placed. Can be secured.

[0019]

Embodiments will be described in detail below based on embodiments. Example 1 As shown in FIG. 1, a room 3 having a width of 4 m, a depth of 4 m, and a height of 2.5 m in which three sides are composed of an opaque wall 1 having an inner white surface and the remaining one side is in contact with an external space through a transparent window 2. An illuminating lamp 4 made of a transparent mercury lamp was arranged in the central portion of.
The illumination light has a spectral radiant flux distribution as shown in FIG. Here, the transparent window 2 has a high refractive index Ti on the glass plate 2A.
The O ₂ film and the low refractive index SiO ₂ film are formed to have a film thickness of 20 to 140 nm.
To form a wavelength selective transmission film 2B, which is alternately laminated by a vacuum evaporation method, and a Cr film and a Z film are further formed thereon.
The antireflection film 2C formed of the rO ₂ film is used, and it has a spectral transmittance characteristic as shown in FIG. 3 and a spectral reflectance characteristic when viewed from the indoor side as shown in FIG.

When the illumination of the incandescent lamp in the external space is turned off and the mercury lamp inside the room is turned on, the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point A in the room at a distance of 2 m from the light source is measured and The result of measuring the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point B in the external space at the same distance as this is shown in FIG.
Shown in. From this, even though the distance from the light source is the same and the relationship with the wall surface is almost the same, that in the outside space is much smaller than the incident light intensity inside the room, that is, inside the room. It can be seen that almost no illumination light leaks to the outside. In this state, when the inside of the room was observed with the naked eye from the external space, the state inside the room was almost indistinguishable.

In this case, the illumination lamp 4 provided inside the room
The total efficiency represented by (effective luminous flux / power consumption) is about 30
At (lm / W), this value was the same as the overall efficiency of the illumination lamp 4 itself. The average color rendering coefficient of the lighting was 23.

When the exterior space is illuminated with the illumination lamp 4 attached and the exterior space is visually inspected from the inside of the room, coloring occurs. Although it is slightly dark, it is possible to identify the exterior state. there were. On the other hand, when the inside of the room was looked into from the outside space with the naked eye in this state, it was completely indistinguishable.

Furthermore, when the illumination of the external space is weakened with the illumination lamp 4 attached, and the external space is visually observed from the inside of the room, coloring occurs, and although it is quite dark, the state of the internal space to the transparent window is There was not much reflection, and it was possible to identify the external condition. Example 2 As shown in FIG. 1, a room 3 of which width is 4 m, depth is 4 m, and height is 2.5 m, in which three sides are composed of an opaque wall 1 having an inner white surface, and the remaining one side is in contact with an external space through a transparent window 2. An illumination lamp 4 made of a sodium-thallium-indium-based metal halide lamp was placed in the center of the table. The illumination light has a spectral radiant flux distribution as shown in FIG. Here, the transparent window 2 is a colored film 2 having wavelength selectivity on the surface of the glass plate 2A.
7B is used, and an antireflection film 2C made of a multilayer film of nitride and oxide is further formed on the surface thereof, and FIG.
8 has a spectral transmittance characteristic and a spectral reflectance characteristic when viewed from the indoor side as shown in FIG.

When the incandescent light bulb in the external space is turned off and a metal halide lamp inside the room is attached, the
FIG. 9 shows the result of measurement of the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point A in the room at a distance of m and the result of the measurement of the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point B of the external space located at the same distance from the light source. Show. From this, it is at the same distance from the light source,
And, even though the relationship with the wall surface is almost the same, it is much smaller in the external space than the incident light intensity in the room, that is, the illumination light inside the room hardly leaks to the outside. I understand. In this state, when the inside of the room was observed with the naked eye from the external space, the state inside the room was almost indistinguishable.

In this case, the illumination lamp 4 provided inside the room
The total efficiency represented by (effective luminous flux / power consumption) is about 70
At (lm / W), this value was the same as the overall efficiency of the illumination lamp 4 itself. The average color rendering coefficient of the illumination was 65.

When the exterior space was illuminated with the illumination lamp 4 attached, and the exterior space was visually inspected from the inside of the room, almost no coloring occurred. It was possible without problems. On the other hand, in this state, when we peek inside the room from the outside space with the naked eye,
It was completely indistinguishable.

Further, when the illumination of the external space was weakened with the illumination lamp 4 attached and the external space was visually inspected from the inside of the room, almost no coloring occurred. There was not much reflection of the state, and it was possible to identify the external state. Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIG. 10, a room 3 having a width of 4 m, a depth of 4 m, and a height of 2.5 m, which is composed of an opaque wall 1 having white inner surfaces on three sides and the remaining one surface is in contact with an external space through a transparent window 2. An illuminating lamp 4 made of a transparent mercury lamp was arranged in the central portion of.
The illumination light has a spectral radiant flux distribution as shown in FIG. Here, as the transparent window 2, a glass plate 2A having a colored film 2B formed on the surface on the indoor side is used, and the spectral transmittance characteristics as shown in FIG. 11 and the indoor side as shown in FIG. It has the spectral reflectance characteristics of

When the illumination of the incandescent lamp in the external space is turned off and the mercury lamp inside the room is turned on, the result of measuring the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point A in the room at a distance of 2 m from the light source and the light source The result of measuring the wavelength distribution of the incident light intensity at the point B in the external space at the same distance as this is shown in FIG.
3 shows. From this, even though the distance from the light source is the same and the relationship with the wall surface is almost the same, that in the external space is much smaller than the incident light intensity inside the room, that is, inside the room. It can be seen that almost no illumination light leaks to the outside. In this state, when I gazed at the inside of the room from the outside space with the naked eye,
The condition inside the room was almost indistinguishable.

In this case, the illumination lamp 4 provided inside the room
The total efficiency represented by (effective luminous flux / power consumption) is about 30
At (lm / W), this value was the same as the overall efficiency of the illumination lamp 4 itself. The average color rendering coefficient of the lighting was 23.

When the external space is illuminated with the illumination lamp 4 attached, and the external space is viewed with the naked eye from the inside of the room, it becomes slightly darker and colored, and at the same time, the state of the inside of the room is reflected on the transparent window. Although there was some congestion, it was possible to identify the external condition. On the other hand, when the inside of the room was looked into from the outside space with the naked eye in this state, it was completely indistinguishable.

Further, when the illumination of the external space is weakened with the illumination lamp 4 attached and the external space is viewed from the inside of the room with the naked eye, it is considerably darkened and colored, and at the same time, the state of the internal space is reflected on the transparent window. Congestion was apparent and it was difficult to identify external conditions.

[0032]

The outside can be seen from the inside of a room having windows such as a house, a building, a car interior space, a restaurant, and a store, but the visibility from the outside to the inside of the room can be reduced. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a room of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a spectral radiant flux distribution of the illumination lamp used in Example 1 and Comparative Example.

3 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of the transparent window used in Example 1. FIG.

4 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of the transparent window used in Example 1. FIG.

5 is a wavelength distribution of incident light intensity at measurement points A and B in Example 1. FIG.

6 is a spectral radiant flux distribution of the illumination lamp of Example 2. FIG.

7 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of the transparent window of Example 2. FIG.

8 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of the transparent window of Example 2. FIG.

9 is a wavelength distribution of incident light at measurement points A and B in Example 2. FIG.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a room of a comparative example.

FIG. 11 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of a transparent window of a comparative example.

FIG. 12 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of a transparent window of a comparative example.

FIG. 13 is a wavelength distribution of incident light at measurement points A and B of a comparative example.

FIG. 21 shows reflection and transmission of light on a transparent window surface,
It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship with the visibility of an object.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Wall, 2 ... Transparent window, 2A ... Glass plate, 2
B ... Wavelength selective transmission film, 2C ... Antireflection film, 3 ...
..Rooms, 4 ... Lighting lamps

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 18, 1993

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be corrected] Brief description of the drawing

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a room of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a spectral radiant flux distribution of the illumination lamp used in Example 1 and Comparative Example.

3 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of the transparent window used in Example 1. FIG.

4 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of the transparent window used in Example 1. FIG.

5 is a wavelength distribution of incident light intensity at measurement points A and B in Example 1. FIG.

6 is a spectral radiant flux distribution of the illumination lamp of Example 2. FIG.

7 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of the transparent window of Example 2. FIG.

8 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of the transparent window of Example 2. FIG.

9 is a wavelength distribution of incident light at measurement points A and B in Example 2. FIG.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a room of a comparative example.

FIG. 11 is a spectral transmittance characteristic of a transparent window of a comparative example.

FIG. 12 is a spectral reflectance characteristic of a transparent window of a comparative example.

FIG. 13 is a wavelength distribution of incident light at measurement points A and B of a comparative example.

FIG. 14 shows reflection and transmission of light on the transparent window surface,
It is a figure for demonstrating the relationship with the visibility of an object.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 ... Wall, 2 ... Transparent window, 2A ... Glass plate, 2
B ... Wavelength selective transmission film, 2C ... Antireflection film, 3 ...
..Rooms, 4 ... Lighting lamps

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] All drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 1]

[Fig. 2]

[Figure 3]

[Figure 4]

[Figure 5]

[Figure 6]

[Figure 7]

[Figure 8]

[Figure 9]

[Figure 10]

FIG. 11

[Fig. 12]

[Fig. 13]

FIG. 14

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A room in which an illumination lamp is provided inside and a transparent window is provided in an opening, wherein: (a) the light source of the illumination lamp has a light emission in at least one specific wavelength region consisting of a line spectrum and (B) the transparent window is transparent, having an emission spectrum mainly consisting of a continuous spectrum other than the specific wavelength region, and having an emission energy of 40% or less of the total emission energy other than the specific wavelength region. A wavelength selective transmission film is coated on the substrate so that the light transmittance in the specific wavelength region is lower than the light transmittance in other than the specific wavelength region, and reflection in the visible wavelength region is performed on the wavelength selective transmission film. A room in which the visibility from the outside inside the room is reduced by covering the room with a protective film. 2. The antireflection film is composed of multiple layers, and at least the layer provided in contact with the wavelength selective transmission film has light absorption in the visible wavelength range.
Room described in. 3. The room according to claim 1, wherein the reflectance of visible light incident from the inside of the room is 20% or less.