JPH06131065A - Solar power generator system - Google Patents
Solar power generator systemInfo
- Publication number
- JPH06131065A JPH06131065A JP4282571A JP28257192A JPH06131065A JP H06131065 A JPH06131065 A JP H06131065A JP 4282571 A JP4282571 A JP 4282571A JP 28257192 A JP28257192 A JP 28257192A JP H06131065 A JPH06131065 A JP H06131065A
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- section
- solar cell
- current value
- voltage
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、太陽電池と該太陽電池
の電圧を変換して出力する電圧変換部とを少なくとも備
える太陽光発電システムに関し、特に、最大電力を得ら
れるように太陽電池の動作点を制御する太陽光発電シス
テムに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solar power generation system including at least a solar cell and a voltage conversion unit for converting and outputting the voltage of the solar cell, and more particularly to a solar power generation system for obtaining maximum power. The present invention relates to a solar power generation system that controls an operating point.
【０００２】太陽電池の出力特性は日射量、温度等の変
化により大幅に変動する。よって、効率良く太陽エネル
ギーを取り出すために最大出力制御が必要である。The output characteristics of solar cells fluctuate significantly depending on changes in the amount of solar radiation, temperature, and the like. Therefore, maximum output control is required to efficiently extract solar energy.
【０００３】[0003]
【従来の技術】図４は、従来の構成例を示す。図４にお
いて、１は太陽電池、２は電圧変換部、１０は負荷、１
１は電力演算部、１２は電力増減識別及び動作点制御
部、Ｖiは太陽電池の電圧、Ｉi は太陽電池の電流、Ｖ
o は電圧変換部の出力電圧、Ｉoは電圧変換部の出力電
流を表わす。2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 4 shows a conventional configuration example. In FIG. 4, 1 is a solar cell, 2 is a voltage conversion unit, 10 is a load, 1
1 is a power calculation unit, 12 is a power increase / decrease identification and operating point control unit, V i is the voltage of the solar cell, I i is the current of the solar cell, V i
o represents the output voltage of the voltage converter, and Io represents the output current of the voltage converter.
【０００４】電圧変換部２は、昇圧型チョッパ又は降圧
型チョッパ若しくは両チョッパから成り、電圧を変換す
る。電力演算部１１は、太陽電池の出力電圧Ｖi と出力
電流Ｉi とを測定し、ＶiとＩi との積を求める。The voltage converter 2 is composed of a step-up chopper, a step-down chopper, or both choppers, and converts the voltage. The power calculator 11 measures the output voltage V i and the output current I i of the solar cell, and obtains the product of V i and I i .
【０００５】電力増減識別及び動作点制御部１２は、電
力の増減を識別しつつ、動作点を移動させる制御信号を
電圧変換部２へ出力する。図５は、太陽電池の電流−電
圧、電力特性を示す。図５において、曲線ｐは電圧、曲
線ｑは電力の特性を示す。The power increase / decrease identification and operating point control unit 12 outputs a control signal for moving the operating point to the voltage conversion unit 2 while identifying the increase / decrease in power. FIG. 5 shows current-voltage and power characteristics of the solar cell. In FIG. 5, the curve p shows the voltage and the curve q shows the electric power.
【０００６】太陽電池を有効に使用するためには、最大
電力が得られる動作点Ｐｍａｘで動作させることが必要
である。ところで、電圧変換部２により、太陽電池の電
圧Ｖi をｎ倍して、出力電圧Ｖ o を出力すると、電圧変
換部の出力電流Ｉo は太陽電池の電流Ｉi の１／ｎ倍に
なる。負荷抵抗Ｒo をＶo ／Ｉo とすると、太陽電池か
ら見た負荷抵抗Ｒi は、In order to use the solar cell effectively, the maximum
It is necessary to operate at the operating point Pmax at which electric power can be obtained
Is. By the way, the voltage conversion unit 2 is used to
Pressure ViN times the output voltage V oIs output, the voltage change
Output current I of converteroIs the current I of the solar celli1 / n times
Become. Load resistance RoTo Vo/ IoIf so, is it a solar cell?
Load resistance RiIs
【０００７】[0007]
【数１】 [Equation 1]
【０００８】となる。このように電圧比ｎを変えること
により、太陽電池から見た負荷を任意に変えることがで
きる。従って、実際の負荷Ｒo を固定したまま、太陽電
池の動作点を移動させることができる。[0008] By changing the voltage ratio n in this way, the load viewed from the solar cell can be arbitrarily changed. Therefore, the operating point of the solar cell can be moved while the actual load Ro is fixed.
【０００９】図６は、従来の制御フローチャートを示
す。ステップ３０では、電力演算部１１が電力を演算す
る。ステップ３１では、動作点移動方向をａ方向へ、即
ち、電圧変換比ｎを増大させて、電流Ｉi を増大させる
方向に設定する。FIG. 6 shows a conventional control flowchart. In step 30, the power calculator 11 calculates power. In step 31, the operating point movement direction is set in the a direction, that is, in the direction in which the voltage conversion ratio n is increased and the current I i is increased.
【００１０】ステップ３２では、動作点を設定方向へ移
動させる。ステップ３３では、電力演算部１１が電力を
演算する。ステップ３４では、今回の電力演算結果を前
回の電力演算結果と比較し、電力が増加したか否かを識
別し、増加した場合には、ステップ３２へ、増加しなか
った場合には、ステップ３５へ進む。In step 32, the operating point is moved in the set direction. In step 33, the power calculator 11 calculates power. In step 34, the current power calculation result is compared with the previous power calculation result to identify whether or not the power has increased. If the power has increased, the process proceeds to step 32. If the power has not increased, the process proceeds to step 35. Go to.
【００１１】ステップ３５では、動作点の移動方向をそ
れまで設定されていた方向とは逆の方向に設定する。即
ち、それまでａ方向に設定されていた時には、ｂ方向
へ、ｂ方向に設定されていた時には、ａ方向へ設定す
る。In step 35, the moving direction of the operating point is set to the opposite direction to the direction set up to that point. That is, when the direction a has been set so far, the direction b is set, and when the direction b has been set, the direction a is set.
【００１２】上記ステップ３０ないし３２及びステップ
３４，３５は電力増減識別及び動作点制御部１２が実行
する。The above steps 30 to 32 and steps 34 and 35 are executed by the power increase / decrease identification and operating point controller 12.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上述の如く、従来の技
術によれば、電力を演算し、増減を調べ、その結果によ
り動作点の移動方向を変えるという操作をしなければな
らないので装置が複雑になる。また、動作点を操作した
後、電力が変化するのを待たなければならないので応答
が遅くなる。動作点を徐々に最大電力点へ近づけるの
で、現時点の動作点と最大電力点が大幅に離れている
と、最大電力点までの移動に時間がかかる。応答を速く
するために動作点の移動速度を速くすると、太陽電池に
おいて、入射光や負荷量の変化に対する出力の変化が追
いつけず、出力が安定する前に動作点が移動してしまい
制御不能になる恐れがある。As described above, according to the conventional technique, it is necessary to calculate the electric power, check the increase and decrease, and change the moving direction of the operating point according to the result, so that the device is complicated. become. In addition, after operating the operating point, it is necessary to wait for the power to change, so the response becomes slow. Since the operating point is gradually approached to the maximum power point, it takes time to move to the maximum power point if the operating point at the present time and the maximum power point are significantly apart from each other. If the moving speed of the operating point is increased in order to speed up the response, the output changes due to changes in incident light and load amount cannot be caught up in the solar cell, and the operating point moves before the output stabilizes, making it uncontrollable. There is a risk of becoming.
【００１４】本発明は、装置を簡単化し、入射光や負荷
量の変化に対する応答を速くすることを目的とする。An object of the present invention is to simplify the device and to speed up the response to changes in incident light and load amount.
【００１５】[0015]
【課題を解決するための手段】図１は、本発明の原理構
成図を示す。図１において、１は太陽電池、２は電圧変
換部、３は第１の電流測定部、４はセンサ用太陽電池、
５は第２の電流測定部、６は電流換算部、７は比較部を
表す。FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the principle of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is a solar cell, 2 is a voltage conversion unit, 3 is a first current measuring unit, 4 is a sensor solar cell,
Reference numeral 5 is a second current measuring unit, 6 is a current converting unit, and 7 is a comparing unit.
【００１６】電圧変換部２は太陽電池１の電圧を変換し
て出力する。第１の電流測定部３は上記太陽電池１の電
流値を測定する。第２の電流測定部５はセンサ用太陽電
池４の短絡電流値を測定する。The voltage converter 2 converts the voltage of the solar cell 1 and outputs it. The first current measuring unit 3 measures the current value of the solar cell 1. The 2nd electric current measurement part 5 measures the short circuit current value of the solar cell 4 for sensors.
【００１７】電流換算部６は上記第２の電流測定部５が
測定した短絡電流値を予め決められた定数倍して出力す
る。比較部７は上記第１の電流測定部３が測定した電流
値と上記電流換算部６が出力する電流値とを比較して、
該２つの電流値の比に基づいて、制御信号を電圧変換部
２へ出力する。The current conversion unit 6 multiplies the short circuit current value measured by the second current measurement unit 5 by a predetermined constant and outputs the result. The comparing unit 7 compares the current value measured by the first current measuring unit 3 with the current value output by the current converting unit 6,
A control signal is output to the voltage conversion unit 2 based on the ratio of the two current values.
【００１８】[0018]
【作用】比較部７は、上記制御信号により、電圧変換部
２における電圧変換比を調整して太陽電池の動作点を移
動させることにより、上記第１の電流測定部３が測定し
た電流値と上記電流換算部６が出力する電流値とを近づ
けるように制御する。ここで、上記第１の電流測定部３
が測定した電流値と上記電流換算部６が出力する電流値
との比の大きさにより、現時点の動作点と最大電力動作
点との距離を知ることができる。従って、当該距離に応
じて動作点を動作させることにより、動作点を最大電力
動作点に急速に近づけることが出来る。The comparator 7 moves the operating point of the solar cell by adjusting the voltage conversion ratio in the voltage converter 2 according to the control signal, so that the current value measured by the first current measuring unit 3 is The current value output by the current conversion unit 6 is controlled to be close to each other. Here, the first current measuring unit 3
The distance between the current operating point and the maximum power operating point can be known from the magnitude of the ratio between the current value measured by and the current value output by the current conversion unit 6. Therefore, by operating the operating point according to the distance, the operating point can be brought close to the maximum power operating point rapidly.
【００１９】[0019]
【実施例】図２は単結晶Ｓｉの太陽電池の電流−電力特
性の一例を示す。図２において、曲線ｒ１は光量（単位
はｍＷ／ｓｑ．ｃｍとする）が２０の時の、曲線ｒ２は
光量が５０の時の、曲線ｒ３は光量が８０の時の、曲線
ｒ４は光量が１００の時の電流−電力特性を示す。曲線
ｒ１ないしｒ４から、夫々の光量の時の、短絡電流及び
最大電力時の電流は表１に示すように読み取ることがで
きる。また、短絡電流と最大電力時の電流との比は、光
量によらずほぼ０．８２前後であることがわかる。EXAMPLE FIG. 2 shows an example of current-power characteristics of a single crystal Si solar cell. In FIG. 2, the curve r1 is when the light quantity (unit is mW / sq.cm) is 20, the curve r2 is when the light quantity is 50, the curve r3 is when the light quantity is 80, and the curve r4 is the light quantity. The current-power characteristic at 100 is shown. From the curves r1 to r4, the short-circuit current and the current at the maximum power can be read as shown in Table 1 at each light amount. Further, it can be seen that the ratio between the short-circuit current and the current at the maximum power is about 0.82 regardless of the light amount.
【００２０】[0020]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２１】図３はアモルファスＳｉ太陽電池の電流−
電力特性の一例を示す。図３において、曲線Ｓ１ないし
Ｓ５は、夫々、光量が２０，４０，６０，８０，１００
の時の電流電力特性を示す。曲線Ｓ１ないしＳ５から、
夫々の光量の時の、短絡電流及び最大電力時の電流は表
２に示すように読み取られる。また、短絡電流と最大電
力時の電流との比は、光量によらずほぼ０．７４前後で
あることがわかる。FIG. 3 shows the current of an amorphous Si solar cell--
An example of power characteristics is shown. In FIG. 3, curves S1 to S5 indicate that the light intensity is 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, respectively.
The current power characteristics at the time of are shown. From the curves S1 to S5,
The short-circuit current and the current at the maximum power at each light amount are read as shown in Table 2. Further, it can be seen that the ratio between the short-circuit current and the current at the maximum power is about 0.74 regardless of the light amount.
【００２２】[0022]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２３】従って、短絡電流を知ることができれば、
最大電力時の電流は、その太陽電池に対応する係数を短
絡電流に掛けることにより、知ることができる。図１
は、本発明の原理構成図である。概略については、既に
記述したので、各部について、詳述する。Therefore, if the short-circuit current can be known,
The current at the maximum power can be known by multiplying the short circuit current by a coefficient corresponding to the solar cell. Figure 1
FIG. 3 is a principle configuration diagram of the present invention. Since the outline has already been described, each part will be described in detail.
【００２４】センサ用太陽電池４はメインの太陽電池１
の短絡電流を推定するために設けられている。センサ用
太陽電池４はメインの太陽電池１に照射される光量と同
じ光量を得られるようにメインの太陽電池１の近傍に、
かつ、平行に設置されるとともに、メインの太陽電池１
と同じ材質のものが用いられる。また、センサ用太陽電
池４はメインの太陽電池１よりも規模が小さいことは言
うまでもない。上記の如くセンサ用太陽電池４を設けれ
ば、センサ用太陽電池４の短絡電流とメインの太陽電池
１の短絡電流との比は当該２つの電池の面積比に等しく
なる。従って、電流換算部６は、センサ用太陽電池４の
短絡電流に上記面積比を掛けて、メインの太陽電池１の
短絡電流を計算する。さらに、電流換算部６は、メイン
の太陽電池１の最大電力時の電流を求めるために、メイ
ンの太陽電池１の短絡電流に、表１及び表２で説明した
短絡電流と最大電力時の電流との電流比を掛けて、最大
電力時の電流を求める。例えば、当該２つの太陽電池が
単結晶Ｓｉの場合には、０．８２を掛け、アモルファス
Ｓｉの場合には０．７４を掛ける。The sensor solar cell 4 is the main solar cell 1.
It is provided to estimate the short circuit current of the. The sensor solar cell 4 is provided in the vicinity of the main solar cell 1 so that the same amount of light as the main solar cell 1 can be obtained.
Besides, they are installed in parallel and the main solar cell 1
The same material as is used. It goes without saying that the sensor solar cell 4 is smaller in scale than the main solar cell 1. If the sensor solar cell 4 is provided as described above, the ratio of the short circuit current of the sensor solar cell 4 to the short circuit current of the main solar cell 1 becomes equal to the area ratio of the two cells. Therefore, the current conversion unit 6 calculates the short-circuit current of the main solar cell 1 by multiplying the area ratio by the short-circuit current of the sensor solar cell 4. Further, the current conversion unit 6 calculates the short-circuit current of the main solar cell 1 by using the short-circuit current and the maximum power current described in Table 1 and Table 2 in order to obtain the current of the main solar cell 1 at the maximum power. The current at maximum power is obtained by multiplying the current ratio with. For example, 0.82 is multiplied when the two solar cells are single crystal Si, and 0.74 is multiplied when the two solar cells are amorphous Si.
【００２５】比較部７は、上記電流換算部６が算出した
最大電力時の電流と、太陽電池の電流とを比較して、そ
の比の大きさに応じて、当該両電流値が近づくように動
作点を移動させる。例えば、最大電力時の電流がメイン
太陽電池１の電流よりも大きい時には、メイン太陽電池
１の電流を増加するように、即ち、電圧変換部２の電圧
変換比を増加させるように電圧変換部２を制御する。さ
らに具体的に説明する。数式１から、メイン太陽電池１
の電流は電圧変換比の２乗に比例することがわかるの
で、上記求めた最大電力時の電流がメイン太陽電池電流
のｍ倍であるときには、電圧変換比を現時点の値にｍの
２乗根を掛けた値に変更すれば、メイン太陽電池電流を
最大電力時の電流にすることができる。The comparison unit 7 compares the current at the maximum power calculated by the current conversion unit 6 with the current of the solar cell, and the two current values approach each other according to the magnitude of the ratio. Move the operating point. For example, when the current at the maximum power is larger than the current of the main solar cell 1, the voltage conversion unit 2 increases the current of the main solar cell 1, that is, increases the voltage conversion ratio of the voltage conversion unit 2. To control. A more specific description will be given. From Equation 1, the main solar cell 1
It can be seen that the current of is proportional to the square of the voltage conversion ratio. Therefore, when the current at the maximum power obtained above is m times the main solar cell current, the voltage conversion ratio is set to the current value with the square root of m. By changing to a value multiplied by, the main solar cell current can be the current at the maximum power.
【００２６】電圧変換部２は、昇圧チョッパ回路又は降
圧チョッパ回路或いは両チョッパ回路からなり、上記比
較部７により、制御される。The voltage conversion section 2 is composed of a step-up chopper circuit, a step-down chopper circuit, or both chopper circuits, and is controlled by the comparison section 7.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】上記の如く本発明によれば、従来のよう
な複雑な演算や、動作点が最大電力点まで徐々に移動し
てくるのを待つ必要がなく、応答が速くなる。また、複
雑な演算や、その結果により動作点移動方向を変更する
機構を必要としないので、装置が簡単になる。As described above, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to wait for the complicated calculation and the gradual movement of the operating point to the maximum power point as in the prior art, and the response becomes faster. Further, since the complicated calculation and the mechanism for changing the moving direction of the operating point according to the result are not required, the apparatus becomes simple.
【図１】本発明の原理構成図である。FIG. 1 is a principle configuration diagram of the present invention.
【図２】単結晶Ｓｉの太陽電池の電流−電力特性の一例
を示す。FIG. 2 shows an example of current-power characteristics of a monocrystalline Si solar cell.
【図３】アモルファスＳｉ太陽電池の電流−電力特性の
一例を示す。FIG. 3 shows an example of current-power characteristics of an amorphous Si solar cell.
【図４】従来の構成例を示す。FIG. 4 shows a conventional configuration example.
【図５】太陽電池の電流−電圧、電力特性を示す。FIG. 5 shows current-voltage and power characteristics of a solar cell.
【図６】従来の制御フローチャートを示す。FIG. 6 shows a conventional control flowchart.
１ 太陽電池 ２ 電圧変換部 ３ 第１の電流測定部 ４ センサ用太陽電池 ５ 第２の電流測定部 ６ 電流換算部 ７ 比較部 1 Solar Cell 2 Voltage Converter 3 First Current Measuring Section 4 Solar Cell for Sensor 5 Second Current Measuring Section 6 Current Conversion Section 7 Comparison Section
Claims (1)
圧を変換して出力する電圧変換部（２）とを少なくとも
備える太陽光発電システムにおいて、 上記太陽電池（１）の電流値を測定する第１の電流測定
部（３）と、 センサ用太陽電池（４）と、 該センサ用太陽電池（４）の短絡電流値を測定する第２
の電流測定部（５）と、 上記第２の電流測定部（５）が測定した短絡電流値を予
め決められた定数倍して出力する電流換算部（６）と、 上記第１の電流測定部（３）が測定した電流値と上記電
流換算部（６）が出力する電流値とを比較して、該２つ
の電流値の比に基づいて、制御信号を電圧変換部（２）
へ出力する比較部（７）とを設け、 上記制御信号により、電圧変換部（２）における電圧変
換比を調整することにより、上記第１の電流測定部
（３）が測定した電流値と上記電流換算部（６）が出力
する電流値とを近づけるように制御することを特徴とす
る太陽光発電システム。1. A solar power generation system comprising at least a solar cell (1) and a voltage conversion section (2) for converting and outputting the voltage of the solar cell (1), wherein the current value of the solar cell (1) is A first current measuring section (3) for measuring the temperature, a solar cell (4) for sensor, and a second short circuit current value for measuring the short circuit current value of the solar cell (4) for sensor
A current measuring section (5), a current converting section (6) for multiplying the short circuit current value measured by the second current measuring section (5) by a predetermined constant, and outputting the current. The current value measured by the section (3) is compared with the current value output by the current conversion section (6), and the control signal is converted into the voltage conversion section (2) based on the ratio of the two current values.
And a current value measured by the first current measuring unit (3) by adjusting the voltage conversion ratio in the voltage converting unit (2) by the control signal. A solar power generation system, which is controlled so that the current value output by the current conversion unit (6) approaches.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4282571A JPH06131065A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Solar power generator system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4282571A JPH06131065A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Solar power generator system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06131065A true JPH06131065A (en) | 1994-05-13 |
Family
ID=17654224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4282571A Pending JPH06131065A (en) | 1992-10-21 | 1992-10-21 | Solar power generator system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH06131065A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100614570B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2006-10-24 | 산요덴키가부시키가이샤 | Power supply unit |
| JP2010061263A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Maximum power control device and maximum power control method |
| JP2010117744A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-27 | Sharp Corp | Solar photovoltaic power generator and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102375467A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 联咏科技股份有限公司 | Power control device and method |
-
1992
- 1992-10-21 JP JP4282571A patent/JPH06131065A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100614570B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2006-10-24 | 산요덴키가부시키가이샤 | Power supply unit |
| JP2010061263A (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-18 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Maximum power control device and maximum power control method |
| JP2010117744A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-27 | Sharp Corp | Solar photovoltaic power generator and solar photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN102375467A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 联咏科技股份有限公司 | Power control device and method |
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