JPH06102329B2 - Molding method and manufacturing equipment for cement / mortar moldings - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for molding cement / mortar moldings suitable for manufacturing outer wall panels, interior panels, decorative boards, pavement boards and the like used in buildings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, cement mortar molded by fixing tile porcelain pieces to the base substrate of cement / mortar by using tile porcelain pieces as an exterior mounting component for makeup on outer wall panels and pavement boards. There was a molded product.

This cement / mortar molded article is molded by, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a fixing material 51, such as stone powder or lime, which is soluble in water after solidification is cast into a mold 50 to a desired thickness. , Then the surface Ta on top of this fixing material 51
The tile porcelain piece T with the bottom facing down is embedded approximately in the lower half part corresponding to the depth of the joint part M, and then the reinforcing bar 52 is arranged as necessary to cast the cement / mortar S, The upper half of the tile porcelain piece T is embedded in cement / mortar S to be cured and solidified to form the base substrate portion B, and the fixing material 51 that has already been solidified after mold release is dissolved by washing with water to tile. A method of pouring is performed in which the surface of the tile porcelain piece T is exposed by removing it from the porcelain piece T to form a cement / mortar molded product S ″ such as an outer wall panel or a pavement board. It was

By the way, the applicant has filed a patent application for a manufacturing device for automatically manufacturing cement / mortar molded products formed of cement / mortar alone, such as roof tiles and floor panels, and has already issued a patent application. (Kosho 54-20209)
Is.

This manufacturing apparatus has an upper die attached to the lower end of a high-pressure press piston that has a water suction hole on the molding surface, has a water suction passage on one side, and moves up and down. By combining a lower mold that can be combined and a mold frame that is vertically movable around the lower mold, pressure and compression are performed by the upper mold and the lower mold to mold a cement / mortar molded product. However, as a result of molding water by vacuum suction from the upper mold at the time of molding to form a molded product, it is possible to obtain a good quality product with homogenized materials, Therefore, it was molded in a short time of 30 seconds, mass production was possible, and the inefficient work of removing the molded product from the mold after the curing and hardening work of the cement / mortar was not required.

[0006]

According to the conventional molding method by pouring shown in FIG. 12, the mold 50 is required unless the base substrate B made of cement / mortar S is cured and solidified.
The molded product S ″ cannot be released from the mold. Moreover, after the molded product S ″ is released, the fixing material 51 such as stone powder or lime is solidified and then washed with water to expose the surface of the tile ceramic piece T. Since so-called washing work must be performed, the number of steps required for molding is large and it takes time and labor.
It was inefficient. Further, the casting method by pouring is adopted only in the case of molding a cement / mortar molded product having a relatively small size, and is not suitable for the actual situation.

[0007] Moreover, it is necessary to mold the surface solid material such as tile porcelain pieces, marble, limestone, iron flat stone, glass, synthetic resin, etc. in the mold by applying a high compressive force together with the cement / mortar to prevent the solid surface material from breaking. If the strength was not lower than the compressive force during molding, cracking or chipping was likely to occur, which could result in damage. Moreover, for example, tile porcelain pieces and marble have a structurally fragile structure due to the formation of fine irregularities on the surface, and fired materials such as tile porcelain pieces are formed by twisting or curved surfaces during firing. Because there is
When a high compression force was applied, it was easy to cause destruction.

In view of the above, the present invention does not cause cracking or breakage of the covering solid material such as tile porcelain pieces even when a high compression force is applied during molding of the molded article, and the number of steps is simplified and time and labor are reduced. It is an object of the present invention to provide a molding method and manufacturing apparatus for a cement / mortar molded product that can be molded efficiently without taking any effort.

[0009]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a cement molded by pressurizing and squeezing water using an upper mold having a water squeezing suction passage and having a water squeezing suction hole on a molding surface and a lower mold. In the method of molding a mortar molded product, a step of disposing a substantially plate-shaped mounting solid material with its surface facing downward in the lower mold, and then forming a base substrate part on which the mounting solid material is disposed, The step of introducing cement / mortar from above the covering solid matter, and the step of pressurizing / compressing the covering solid matter and the cement / mortar with the upper mold and the lower mold, the compression force A means of leaching a part of the water contained in the cement / mortar to the lower surface of the surface-mounted solid material to keep the compression and the pressure on the lower surface of the surface substantially the same is adopted.

Further, the present invention has a water suction hole on the molding surface,
An upper die attached to the lower end of a high-pressure press piston that moves up and down while providing a water suction passage, a lower die that can collide with the upper die, and a frame that is vertically movable around the lower die. A cement / mortar molded product manufacturing equipment consisting of
A means of providing an installation concave portion for accommodating the lower portion of the substantially plate-shaped covering solid at a depth corresponding to the joint portion is provided on the upper surface of the lower mold.

[0011]

In the installation recess 1'a provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 1 ', the mounting solid matter H is housed with its surface side facing downward, and the cement / mortar S is charged from the upper surface thereof to lower the upper mold 1 and the lower mold 1'. Mold 1 '
When pressurized and compressed by and, the water contained in the cement / mortar S leaches to the lower surface side of the surface-mounted solid material H, so that the water has a receiving pressure substantially equal to the compression force, and Prevent cracks and chips.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A manufacturing apparatus using a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 shows an example of a cement / mortar molded product manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention, wherein 1 is an upper mold, and 1'is a molded product of cement / mortar S by pressurizing and compressing in cooperation with the upper mold 1. A lower mold for molding S '.

The upper die 1 is a piston 6 which slides by means of an air cylinder 5 which is attached to a lower end of a hydraulic cylinder 2 as a high press which moves up and down and fixed below a slide base 4 which is fixed via a piston rod 3. Sliding block 7 connected to
It is slidably mounted via.

Reference numeral 8 denotes a large number of water suction holes formed on the lower surface 1a, which is the molding surface of the upper mold 1, at substantially regular intervals. The water suction holes 8 are provided on one side of the upper mold 1. The cement / mortar S is drained from the molded product S ′ by being connected to a vacuum source outside the apparatus, for example, a vacuum blower, via the water suction passage 9.

The squeezing water suction passage 9 is connected to the squeezing water suction hole 8 via a plurality of water collecting pipes 10 arranged substantially horizontally.

Reference numeral 11 is a stop plate for closing one side of the water collecting pipe 10, and the stop plate 11 is arranged on the other side opposite to the water suction passage 9.

Reference numeral 12 is an atmospheric suction pipe, and this atmospheric suction pipe 12 communicates with the water collection pipe 10 through a connecting hole 13 near the place where the stop plate 11 is installed. Also, this air suction pipe 1
2 is preferably provided in a direction substantially orthogonal to a plane above the water collection pipe 10 of the upper mold 1 as shown.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a water supply pipe which is substantially concentrically inserted into the atmosphere suction pipe 12, and the water supply pipe 14 is provided with a hole in its wall so as to communicate with the atmosphere suction pipe 12. The water in the water supply pipe 14 is mixed with the air generated in the atmospheric suction pipe 12 by the suction force from the water collection pipe 10 side to constantly wash the water squeezing suction passage 9, while squeezing water from the water squeezing suction hole 8 during molding. Is joined and sucked.

Reference numeral 15 denotes a filter plate unit mounted on the lower surface of the upper mold 1 by using a mounting member 16. The filter plate unit 15 is formed by superposing a wire mesh, a dehydrating cloth, a draining iron plate and the like.

Reference numeral 17 denotes a raw material supply device provided at an installation location on the opposite side of the piston rod 6 connected to the sliding block 7. The raw material supply device 17 serves as a base substrate for cement / mortar S as a raw material. When forming part B, it is supplied to the lower mold 1 '.

The sliding block 7 can move between two positions in a substantially horizontal direction. Of these, the first position (the position shown in FIG. 1) is a position where the upper mold 1 is lowered to form a molding space for molding the molded product S ′ together with the lower mold 1 ′ and the mold 18. In the second position, the lower surface 1a of the upper die 1 is vertically aligned with the pedestal 20 that is vertically moved by the cylinder 19, and the pedestal 20 receives the molded product S conveyed by the upper die 1 after molding at this position. It is a passing position.

1'a is a flat surface slightly larger than the outer dimensions of the mounting solid material H on the upper surface of the lower mold 1 ', because a large number of mounting solid materials H are arranged side by side on the upper surface of the lower mold 1'at the time of molding. The installation recesses are formed to have dimensions, and the depth h of the installation recesses 1'a is accommodated in the installation recesses 1'a such that the depth h corresponds to the joint M formed between adjacent installation recesses. Solid H
The lower half of the is embedded. The depth h of the installation recessed portion 1'a shown in the figure is an example, and the increase or decrease can be freely adjusted according to the joint M of the molded product S'to be molded.

The mold frame 18 provided around the lower mold 1 '
Is slid up and down with respect to the lower mold 1'by driving the cylinder 21, and is lowered after molding to completely separate from the side surface of the molded product S ', and easily and reliably perform mold release.

As shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the molded product S'is provided with a large number of substantially plate-shaped mounting solids H, and the mounting solids H on the surface side at desired intervals and at desired intervals. It is formed of a base substrate portion B formed of cement / mortar S for fixing the joint portion M having a depth.

Examples of the above-mentioned solid surface material H include tile ceramic pieces T, ceramics, inorganic fired materials such as glass, granite,
Examples include natural stones such as marble, garnet stone, and flat stone, as well as synthetic resins.

An example of the apparatus used in the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, and the method of the present invention will be described below in the order of steps as an example in which a tile porcelain piece T is used as the mounting solid material H and an outer wall panel is manufactured. .

First, as the first step, as shown in FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the tile ceramic pieces T as the mounting solid matter H are respectively housed in a large number of installation recesses 1'a provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 1'with their surfaces Ta facing downward. As a result, a large number are arranged on the upper surface of the lower mold 1 '. At this time, the installation recess 1'a is formed to have a plane dimension slightly larger than the outer dimension of the covering solid material H, and the depth h thereof is set to the joint portion M formed between the adjacent covering solid materials H. Correspondingly, the tile ceramic pieces T housed in the installation recess 1'a
The lower half of the is embedded. afterwards,
The cylinder 21 is driven to raise the mold 18 with respect to the lower mold 1'as shown in FIG.

Then, as a second step, the raw material supply device 17 is driven to feed the raw material cement / mortar S into the lower mold 1'from above the tile ceramic pieces T as the above-mentioned solid material H (see FIG. 6). . Then, the mold frame 18 is further raised and adhered to the upper mold 1 by driving the cylinder 21, and the hydraulic cylinder 2 as the high pressure press piston is lowered while the vacuum is applied through the water suction passage 9 provided in the upper mold 1 to lower the cement. When mortar S is pressed and compressed, this cement
Sand contained as a composition of mortar S, the water contained in the voids existing between the cements is expelled from the cement mortar S into the lower mold 1 ′ by the high compressive force at the time of pressurization of 50 to 100 kg / cm ^2. (See FIGS. 2 and 7).

A part of this water is leached on the lower surface on the surface Ta side of the tile porcelain T and enters the fine uneven surface, so that the cement mortar S and the tile porcelain T are 50 to 100 kg as described above. Even if it is pressurized with a high compression force of / cm ² , the water leached on the lower surface of the tile porcelain piece T has a pressure receiving force that is substantially the same as the compressive force, and the tile porcelain piece T exerts a buffering action. Water is squeezed while cracks and chips are prevented (see Fig. 3). On the other hand, the squeezed water is filtered by the filter plate unit 15 which is a combination of a wire net, a dehydration cloth, a draining iron plate, etc., and is sucked into the squeezing water suction holes 8 of the upper mold 1 to squeeze the water.
Drained by.

The tile porcelain piece T is fixed by embedding the substantially upper half portion thereof in the base substrate portion B of the cement / mortar S.

After that, the hydraulic cylinder 21 is depressurized to lower the form 18, and the front surface of the cement mortar S is fixed to the base substrate B of the cement / mortar S by a large number of tile porcelain pieces T whose upper half is fixed. The piston rod 3 is lifted while the molded product S ′ as the stretched outer wall panel is adsorbed to the upper mold 1. When the piston 6 moves the upper mold 1 at the same time as the rise is completed and the vacuum valve is stopped at the same time, the molded product S'is separated from the wire mesh of the filter plate unit 15 and the dehydration cloth, and the cylinder 1
It is received by the pedestal 20 that has been raised by 9, is unloaded at a suitable time, and the cylinder 19 is lowered.

The raw material supply device 1 provided on the sliding block 6 after the surface-mounted solid matter H is supplied to the lower surface of the lower mold 1 '.
Cement mortar S is put into the lower mold 1'from 7 again, and when the molded product S'adsorbed by the upper mold 1 separates, the upper mold 1 returns to the old position, and at the same time, the mold 18 also rises and is added. When returning to the pressure position, the piston rod 3 descends and the molding operation is repeated again.

[0033] Figure 8 'lower mold 1 in the mold an auxiliary plate 30 attached to the upper surface of' said lower die 1 having a flat upper surface portion 1'a ₁
It is another embodiment of the present invention in which a large number of installation recesses 1'a formed on the upper surface of the installation recess 1'a are formed. Of several types of mold auxiliary plates 3 having installation recesses 1'a of various shapes, sizes, and depths h corresponding to joints M according to
The above-mentioned point is that the 0 is replaceably attached to the upper surface of the common lower mold 1 ', or various solid molded products S'are formed by supplying the mounted solid product H so as to achieve versatility. Different from the example.

FIG. 9 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, an installation recess 1'a provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 1'is slightly spaced from the outer edge of the lower mold 1 '. By arranging and arranging it in almost the entire area via K, a large-sized tile porcelain piece T'is embedded and fixed in the base substrate portion B formed by cement / mortar S by embedding the upper half portion thereof. It is different from each of the above-mentioned embodiments in that the ′ is molded.

Further, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a partition plate is provided substantially in the center between the plurality of installation recesses 1'a provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 1 '. A molded product S ′ having a concave groove 41 formed between the mounted solid materials H at places corresponding to the joints M of the base substrate B reinforced with fibrous materials 42 such as synthetic fibers is formed. It is a thing. By using this molded product S ′ as a pavement board, for example, even if the floor surface of the laying site at the laying site is uneven and is not flat,
Even if the molded product S ′ laid on the floor surface is cracked at the portion A where the concave groove 41 is provided, the molded product S ′ is not divided and does not fall apart, and the unevenness of the floor surface is absorbed. This is different from the first embodiment in that the upper surface of the molded product S'is substantially flattened by being bent so that a significant step is not generated.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the tile porcelain pieces T and T'are used as the substantially plate-shaped mounting solid matter H, and the base porcelain portion B in which the tile porcelain pieces T and T'are formed by cement / mortar S. The case where the outer wall panel is molded as a molded product S ′ by fixing it to the outer wall panel made of is described above. As the mounting solid H, in addition to the tile ceramic pieces T, T ′, granite, marble, gem stone, and iron flat Natural stones such as stones,
Further, there are inorganic firing materials such as ceramics and glass, and synthetic resins.

Further, in the above embodiment, the tile porcelain pieces T'as the mounting solid matter H etc. are accommodated one by one in the installation recess 1'a provided on the upper surface of the lower mold 1 '. In place of the above, a large number of solid mounting materials H are adhered to predetermined positions on the surface of a release sheet such as a vinyl sheet with an adhesive so that they can be peeled off. H can be positioned at a time to accommodate a large number, and thereafter cement / mortar S is put into the lower mold 1 ′ from the upper surface of the mounting solid material H to fix the mounting solid material H to the base substrate part B, and then the release sheet is placed. By peeling off the solid mounting material H, the positioning of the mounting solid material H in the installation recess 1'a with respect to the lower mold 1 ', and the positioning and fixing work with respect to the base substrate portion B can be performed more quickly and accurately than in the above embodiment. Can be done

Further, the molded product S'is not limited to the outer wall panel as in the above embodiment, but has a wide range of application such as an interior panel, a floor board, a ceiling board, a decorative board, a pavement board, and has a wide range of uses.

[0039]

As described above, the present invention does not cause cracking or breakage of the solid covering material such as tile porcelain pieces even when a high compressive force is applied during molding of the molded product, and the number of steps is small and simplified. It takes less time and effort and can be molded efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the same.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an outer wall panel as a molded product.

FIG. 5 is a process cross-sectional view illustratively showing a first process in a state where the mold is raised with respect to the lower mold and the mounting solid matter is accommodated in the installation recess provided on the upper surface of the lower mold.

FIG. 6 is a process cross-sectional view illustratively showing a second process in which cement / mortar as a base substrate portion is put on the upper surface of the surface-mounted solid material in the lower mold.

FIG. 7 is a process cross-sectional view illustratively showing a third process at the time of molding in which pressure and water are further squeezed.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a molded product obtained by using the resulting product.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional molding method by pouring.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Upper mold 1a Lower surface 1'Lower mold 2 Hydraulic cylinder 3 Piston rod 8 Water extraction suction hole 9 Water extraction suction passage 18 Form 21 Cylinder 41 Recessed groove S Cement mortar S'Molded product B Base substrate M Joint H Solid T Tile Ceramic Piece

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A method for molding a cement / mortar molded product, which is molded by pressurizing and squeezing water by using an upper mold having a water squeezing suction passage and having a squeezing water suction hole on a molding surface and a lower mold. Then, a step of arranging a substantially plate-shaped covering solid material on the lower mold with its surface facing downward, and then forming a base substrate portion on which the covering solid material is arranged, from the upper side of the covering solid material. The step of introducing cement / mortar, and the step of pressurizing / compressing the surface-mounted solid matter and the cement / mortar by the upper mold and the lower mold, the water content of the cement / mortar by the compressive force. A method for molding a cement / mortar molded article, characterized in that a part of the above is leached to the lower surface of the surface-mounted solid material and the compression and the pressure on the lower surface of the front surface are made substantially equal to each other and held. 2. The method for molding a cement / mortar molded article according to claim 1, wherein a large number of the solid covering materials are fixed to the surface of the base substrate portion formed of cement / mortar. 3. A groove is formed in the base substrate portion between the mounting solids by a partition plate projecting substantially at the center of a large number of installation recesses provided on the upper surface of the lower die. The cement according to claim 1 or 2.
Mortar molding method. 4. The method for molding a cement / mortar molded article according to claim 1, wherein the mounting solid matter is fixed in substantially the entire area with a slight gap from the outer edge portion of the base substrate portion. . 5. The mounting solid material is removably temporarily fixed to a release sheet and accommodated in the installation recess of the lower die, and then the mounting solid material is fixed to a base substrate portion, and after the mold releasing, the mold releasing is performed. The method for molding a cement / mortar molded article according to claim 1, wherein the sheet is released. 6. The covering solid material is tile ceramic pieces, granite,
Marble, agate, flat stone, ceramic, glass,
The method for molding a cement / mortar molded article according to claim 1, which is one of synthetic resins. 7. An upper die having a water suction hole on a molding surface, provided with a water suction passage and attached to a lower end of a high-pressure press piston that moves up and down, and a lower die with which the upper die abuts. A device for manufacturing a cement / mortar molded product, which comprises a mold frame vertically movably arranged around the lower mold, and is fixed to the lower surface of the base substrate portion with its surface facing downward, and is a substantially plate-shaped solid mounting material. An apparatus for manufacturing a cement / mortar molded product, characterized in that an installation recess for accommodating a lower part at a depth corresponding to a joint is provided on the upper surface of the lower mold. 8. The cement according to claim 7, wherein the installation recess is formed in a mold auxiliary plate which is attached by being superposed on the upper surface of the lower mold having a substantially flat upper surface.
Mortar molding manufacturing equipment.