JP2590039B2 - Method for forming concrete product and product formed by this method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a molding method for manufacturing concrete products of various shapes for constructing seawalls, retaining walls, etc. for civil engineering by an immediate demolding method, and a natural stone or artificial stone formed by the molding method. It is related to concrete products with exposed stone blocks and sand grain joints, and is mainly intended for landscape building blocks that protect the natural environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For concrete products of various shapes formed by hardened concrete by an immediate demolding method, a fixed amount of hardened concrete is put into a formwork, and the concrete upper surface is pressed from above while vibrating the formwork. And compacted the concrete in the formwork.

[0003] Further, in a concrete block molding method developed and provided by the applicant (JP-B-59-48724), a surface pallet for molding a product-exposing surface at a predetermined joint position at the bottom of a formwork is raised from below and the inside thereof is raised. It is disclosed in the illustrations that concrete is inserted from above and molded from above, and immediately removed from below.

[0004] Concrete products formed by the conventional compaction are concrete products which are compacted by the vibration of the formwork and pressing force from above, and are not uniformly transmitted to the entire formwork. Was being manufactured. Therefore, in the case of a mold having a complicated shape only by compressing the concrete from above while applying vibration to the mold, the pressing force from above is not transmitted to the lower part of the protruding portion in the mold. That is, the weakened portion of the pressing force has a defect that the compaction of the concrete is incomplete and a rough portion is generated.

[0005] In recent years, a product has been developed which has been actively developed in which natural stone is exposed on the surface of a concrete product to match the surrounding scenery. In this conventional molding method, the concrete and natural stone are incompletely fixed together and are pulled out from the concrete surface and fall off, or the molding during the molding is carried out. There was a drawback that the whole stone was buried, and the expected product could not be obtained.

[0006]

For this reason, even if the shape of the concrete product is complicated, the combined vibration of the form vibration and the independent vibration from the bottom surface is effectively transmitted to the entire stiff concrete in the form, and from both sides. The compaction of concrete in the formwork by compressing concrete by pressing up and down and pressing up and down from up and down and up and down from below to uniformly compact the entire concrete in the formwork at high speed. Can be eliminated. In addition, even when embedding natural stone or artificial stone in the surface of the concrete product, or when filling sand particles for joint formation between these stone blocks, the stone is extremely easily and securely fixed by the above-mentioned forming method. Therefore, there is no extraction or falling off of stone blocks and sand particles.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a molding method for mounting a surface pallet with the exposed surface of a concrete product facing downward as a means for solving the drawbacks and problems of the conventional molding method. the raised by置載products exposed surface table plate mounting surfaces palette molding, FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, interior to the mold bottom is stopped primary in terms palette stroke end position shown in FIG. 5 Then, the hardened concrete is fed from the upper opening of the mold to the upper surface of the mold while energizing the vibration of the mold.

At this time, in the case of a formwork having a small opening on the upper surface of the formwork, a concrete crushing and press bar (19) which passes through the supply box during supply and waits upwards is used to form the formwork as indicated by the dotted line. The inside of the building will be squeezed to consolidate concrete and promote supply. In the case of each of the double-sided formwork devices described as an example, the supply to the formwork is performed by the action of the cylinders provided on both side surfaces for forming the concave portion, and the side inner formwork retreats to a predetermined position. ing.

[0009] Then, when the feeding is completed, the feeding box retreats,
While operating the form vibrator, the press plate descends and presses the upper surface of the concrete to the specified position in the form, and the convex side frames on both sides also move forward and apply vibration from below to the temporarily stopped surface pallet. While pushing up to the secondary stop position (b-line position in the figure) at the upper limit of the surface pallet stroke .

[0010] Then, the vibration of the mold and the independent vibration from below are combined to vibrate the composite vibration to push up from below,
The entire concrete can be firmly and uniformly compacted from corner to corner irrespective of the shape of the formwork by pressing from above and further sandwiching and compressing from both sides, and the molding time can be shortened.

In the case of forming a natural stone or artificial stone block and sand particles for forming joints on the exposed surface of a concrete product, an appropriately shaped stone block and sand particle layer are laid in a surface pallet. When molding is performed by the above-mentioned molding method using a surface pallet that has been wetted by spraying water from above, the stone mass protruding above the sand particle layer and the upper surface of the sand particle layer are pushed up from below and compressed. Due to the shaking, the hardened concrete is softened by the moistened water of the stone mass and the sand grain layer to increase the fixation, so that the stone mass and the sand grain after hardening of the concrete do not come off and fall off.

When the molding is completed in this way, the convex inner forms on both sides are retracted, the press plate is also raised, and each vibrator is stopped. Next, instantaneous vibration is applied to the formwork, and at the same time, the cylinder for raising the surface pallet is lowered, and the product formed by the repulsive force of the upper spring at this time is smoothly and smoothly removed with the surface pallet downward. Out of the machine.

[0013]

According to the present invention, and interior surface palette for each shape corresponding to the product exposed surface on the bottom of the mold of appropriate shape, the Menpa
Let was Kyuzai hard kneading concrete while applying vibration to the mold by temporarily stopped once raised to the surface palette stroke lower end position location, further surface while providing independent vibration to face the pallet from pressing the lower from above By pressing up the pallet to the upper limit position and further compressing the inner formwork on both sides, the entire concrete in the formwork can be compacted uniformly.

In addition, large and medium-sized mixed stone blocks of natural stones and artificial stones are juxtaposed on a surface pallet having a large number of pores for drainage formed on the bottom surface thereof on the surface of the concrete product. The sand grains that form the joints between them are filled and laminated to an arbitrary thickness, and an appropriate amount of water is sprayed from above to wet the stone blocks and the sand grain layer, to improve the adhesion to concrete, and to spray excess water that has been sprayed. By draining water through the sand layer from the pores at the bottom of the surface pallet, the sand layer is compacted to prevent the penetration of cement base during molding and stabilize the stone mass. The surface pallet treated in this manner is installed at the bottom of the formwork, and the stone layer and the upper layer of the sand grain layer at the joint forming portion are partially embedded in the concrete by the molding method described above, and a part of the surface layer is exposed as a product surface. Put out.

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an example of an apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is composed of an outer mold (4) and an inner mold (4-1). FIG. 2 is a front view of a molding machine having an integral formwork in which only a convex side frame (8) of an inner formwork (4-1) moves by the action of a cylinder (9). Shows a side view of the molding machine of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows an inner mold having a convex side frame (8) to which the outer mold (4) is fixed among the double-structured molds of the outer mold (4) and the inner mold (4-1). FIG. 4 is a side view of the formwork apparatus in which the form moves by the action of the cylinder (9), and FIG. 4 is a development explanatory view of the formwork apparatus shown in FIG.

Further, FIG. 5 shows a split type formwork which is divided at an appropriate place in a double structure. The front and rear formworks are fixed to the respective split formwork, and the outer formworks (4) on both sides are operated by the cylinder (40). Side surface of the formwork in which the inner formwork (4-1) having the convex side frame (8) which moves by the action of the cylinder (9) is installed in the moving outer formwork (4). FIG. 6 is a development explanatory view of the formwork apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a surface pallet P-1 which forms a joint with a natural stone or artificial stone block S and sand particles SS.
Is a cross-sectional view, W in the figure is a nozzle for spraying water on the upper surface, and (10) shows pores for discharging excess water. FIG. 8 shows a product B formed using the surface pallet P-1.
9 and FIG. 9 show the same side view.

1 and 2, (1) is a machine frame of a molding machine, (2) is a bracket mounted on the machine frame (1), and provided with an anti-vibration rubber (3) on an upper surface thereof. The mold (4) is fixed via the vibration-proof rubber (3). The mold (4) is shown as an example, and is an integral mold, and a convex side frame (8) for forming a concave portion, which is opened and closed by a cylinder (9) described later, is provided inside. I have.
The anti-vibration rubber (3) is mounted on the bottom surface of the formwork (4), and the underside of the anti-vibration rubber is fixed to the bracket (2) of the machine frame (1) so that vibrations outside the formwork (4) can be prevented. Communication is blocked.
Reference numeral (5) denotes a vibrating base plate on which a surface pallet P is placed and which moves up and down by a cylinder (7).
Is provided and vibrates independently of the machine frame and the formwork by the vibration isolating rubber (3-1).

(8) is a convex side mold formed for pinching and conveying the product, which is provided on both sides of the mold. (9) shows a cylinder for opening and closing the convex side frame (8). (11) is a form vibrator for applying vibration to the form (4), (12) is a material box located below the concrete storage hopper (14), and moves forward and backward by operation of the cylinder (13). Feeding to frame (4) is repeated. (15) is a press plate for pressing the concrete in the form (4), and (15-1) is a square shaft fixed on the upper portion of the press plate (15), and a spring (15-2) ) Is wound. (16) is a press disk for compressing the spring (15-2). The spring (15-2) acts to push the product downward with a repulsive force when the product is removed from the mold after molding.

Reference numeral (19) denotes a pressing bar for pressing the concrete in the form (4) through the press plate (15). When the opening of the form is small, the material is supplied in order to promote the material supply. It is also a crushing and pressing plate pressing bar that penetrates the material box inside and performs crushing. (18) is the pressing bar (1)
9) shows the cylinder that moves up and down. (20) is an arm rod for performing the operation of transferring the finished product on a chain conveyor (23) provided outside the machine and transferring the next surface pallet P to the surface pallet vibrating table in one step. It is operated forward and backward by the roll of (20) by the cylinder (21), and operates intermittently in conjunction with the product to be immediately removed from the mold.

FIGS. 3 and 4 show another embodiment of the formwork apparatus, in which both sides are movable.
1) is an integral type housing a cylinder (9)
The inner form (4-1) is opened by the operation of (1) to facilitate feeding, and after the feeding, it is closed at a predetermined position and the concrete is compressed from the side to be densely formed.

The same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 2 denote members having the same functions as those shown in FIGS.
(3) and (3-1) denote anti-vibration rubber. (4) is an outer frame which is fixed. An inner frame (4-1) is fixed to the front and rear side frames (in the figure) of the outer frame (4), and the left and right side frames are moved by the action of the cylinder (9). The moving inner mold (4-1) is provided with a convex protrusion (8) for forming a concave portion. The inner frame (4-1) is not limited to the one shown in the figure, but is attached so as to be replaceable in order to always mold a standard product.

(12) is a material supply box, and a front plate (28)
Are separated and screwed to supports on both side surfaces of the material supply box via upper and lower vibration isolating rubbers (4-2) to be integrally formed. (3
0) is a lifting vibrator provided at an appropriate position on the front plate (28). The feeding box moves forward to give a lifting vibration at the time of feeding to the formwork to supply hardened concrete material which is hard to fall. We will promote to speed up the supply of material into the formwork. (12) is a closing plate of a supply box, (11) is a form vibrator provided on a fixed outer form (4), and the form vibrator (11) has two motors. It is activated by (33) to achieve smooth rotation.

Then, in this mold, the operation of raising the surface pallet P or P-1 placed on the diaphragm (5) at the bottom of the mold and mounting the interior and after the molding is completed, the concrete block is demolded downward and the conveyor is conveyed downward. The operation of transferring the information to the upper part is the same as that shown in FIGS.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show still another embodiment of the formwork apparatus. This formwork apparatus is divided at an appropriate position and is moved to the left and right by a cylinder (40). 4) and an inner mold (4-1) which is opened and closed by the operation of the cylinder (9).
(36) shows a slide metal for smoothly moving the divided outer formwork (4), and (37) is a rail that engages with the slide metal.

The inner mold (4-1) is opened by the cylinder (9) to widen the material supply port on the upper surface of the mold to supply the material, and the concrete is clamped from the side while compacting to form a concave portion and compacted. (40) is a cylinder for opening and closing the divided formwork (4), and (41) is an outer formwork (4) and a cylinder (40).
By replacing the shaft (41) with the shaft connecting the shafts, it is possible to easily replace a mold having another shape.

A rubber member for preventing vibration of the mold from being transmitted to the cylinder (40) is inserted into the insertion opening of the shaft (41). (11) is a form vibrator, (1)
2) is a supply box, and (29) is a closing plate of the supply box. Also, the lifting box (30) shown in FIG. 3 can be mounted on the material box (12) as necessary.

Also in this formwork apparatus, the concrete pallet P, P-1 placed on the diaphragm (5) at the bottom of the formwork is lifted to mount the concrete block in the formwork, and the concrete block is completed. The operation of removing the mold and transferring it onto the conveyor is the same as that shown in FIGS.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a surface pallet P-1 which forms an joint portion by a natural stone or artificial stone block S and sand grains SS, and W in the figure denotes a juxtaposed stone. A nozzle for spraying water on the upper surfaces of the lump S and the sand layer SS, and (10) indicates pores for draining excess water provided on the bottom surface of the surface pallet.

Next, the forming method of the present invention will be described. A predetermined surface pallet P or a stone block S and a sand layer SS according to FIG. 7 are filled on a vibrating base plate (5) on which the surface pallet P is placed. already to置載surface pallet P-1 vibrating table plate is paused in terms Parettosu stroke lower end position of the raised surface pallet by the action of cylinder (7) mold (4) bottom.
(Line a shown) and the material box (12) is advanced to the position of the opening on the upper surface of the formwork, and the hardened concrete is shaken by the vibrator (1).
While starting 1), the material is fed to the formwork, and the material box retreats and returns to the original position.

At the same time, the concrete crushing and press bar (19) provided above presses the disk (16) by the lowering of the cylinder (18) to compress the spring (15-2) and to press the lower press plate. (15) presses the upper surface of the concrete to a specified position (line b in the drawing) in the formwork . Defined from the pressing at the same time-stroke end position of the surface pallet surface pallet P is temporarily stopped in the press plate (15)
Vibrator (6) on the surface pallet P up to the stroke upper limit position
The concrete rises while giving the independent vibration from the bottom and pushes up the concrete from below to compress it.

During this operation, the inner formwork (4) provided on both sides of the formwork
-1) The convex side frames (8) advance to each other to compress the concrete from the side. Therefore, in compaction of the concrete, the concrete in the mold is raised by sandwiching the mold from both sides, and together with this, the concrete is sufficiently compacted by pressing from the vertical direction. When these operations reach the specified positions and the molding is completed, the form vibrator (11), the vibrator (6) of the vibrating base plate (5) on which the surface pallet is placed are stopped, and the pressing bar (19) is also raised. Then, the pressing of the press plate (15) is released.

Next, the convex-side mold (8) and the inner mold (4-1) provided on both sides of the mold are retracted to instantaneously activate the mold vibrator (11), and at the same time the cylinder (7). When the is lowered, the ready-mixed concrete product with the surface pallet is smoothly and sharply cut off due to the repulsive action of the upper spring (15-2), and is immediately removed from the mold and descends to the predetermined position. By this lowering, the arm rod (20) is transferred to the chain conveyor (23) by the operation of the cylinder (21) when it is placed on the external transfer arm rod (20) which is waiting downward, and is transferred to the curing step. It is. The surface pallet to be used next in this transfer step operation is moved to a position above the vibration base plate (5).

This process is repeated to quickly and efficiently produce a homogeneous concrete product.
Needless to say, a product that displays a stone material surface and a joint sand grain surface on the surface of a concrete product is different only in the surface pallet, and the other process operations are performed by exactly the same molding method.

The formwork used in the present invention is a formwork apparatus having a double structure. The mold is configured such that a hard mold plate having excellent abrasion resistance is exchangeably attached to the inner surface thereof so that a product having a standard size can always be formed. It is a frame device. If the mold is to be molded by immediate demolding, and the surface pallet is to be installed at the bottom of the mold, the integral mold as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the divided mold as shown in FIGS.
Alternatively, the method of the present invention can also be applied to a mold whose front and rear molds are fixed and whose both sides move as shown in FIGS. Also in the reversing type mold, the present invention is inverted and the material is supplied to the mold with the exposed surface up, the vertically moving mold plate for molding the back surface is lowered, the material is raised, and the mold plate is raised to a predetermined position and hardened. It is also possible to compact the compacted concrete material.

[0037]

According to the present invention, as described above, in compaction molding of concrete products of various shapes with hardened concrete by immediate demolding, a pallet is mounted on the bottom of the formwork with the product surface facing down. As long as the mold is formed by molding, it can be applied to any formwork equipment.Unlike concrete with many slumps for casting, hardened concrete has a large porosity, so concrete is put into the formwork and conventionally The concrete was compacted by applying vibration to the upper surface of the concrete from above.

In this conventional compacting method, the vibration pressure is not evenly distributed over the entire concrete material, and there are strong places and weak places, so that a compact product is produced in compaction. The compacted concrete of the present invention has a double-structured formwork, and the material is widened and the material supply is widened. The product processing that is compacted by complex vibration and immediately removed from the mold with a surface pallet downward is a labor-saving process that carries out product transfer and the next surface pallet supply in one step, and has an epoch-making effect. As a molded product, a homogeneous concrete product without variation can be obtained.

In particular, the molding method of the present invention is a surface pallet in which the surface of a concrete product is filled with sand particles which form and express joints between large, medium and small artificial stones, large and small and medium-sized artificial stones, and stone blocks as shown in FIG. A suitable amount of water is sprayed from above the surface pallet, and the excess water that has passed through the sand particles is drained from the drainage pores formed on the bottom of the surface pallet, compacting the sand particles to a small density and stabilizing the large, medium and small stone blocks in the surface pallet On the other hand, the surface pallet, which has been pretreated by moistening large and medium-sized pebbles and the filled sand grains, which are juxtaposed in the surface pallet, is placed at a predetermined position at the bottom of the formwork and compacted in the above-mentioned process.

From the upper end of the mold above the mold,
Position plane palette stroke the lower end of the press plate pressing the lower (from the illustrated a line b line) to a position Crow stroke limit
The stone and the upper layer of sand protruding from the sand grain layer are buried in concrete by pushing up to the position (line a to line b in the drawing) , pinching from both sides, form vibration and independent vibration from below. On the other hand, the sand particles during pre-treatment are moistened with moisture, so that the hardened concrete is slightly softened at the point of contact with the hardened concrete, and the exposed stone mass and the sand particles are more closely adhered and the hardened concrete is extracted. Almost half of the exposed stone mass is buried in concrete and half is exposed on the surface, and the upper layer of the sand layer is fixed in the concrete and the surface pallet is completely peeled off when the surface pallet is peeled off. After the concrete is hardened and does not adhere, the concrete pallet is peeled off after the hardening of the concrete. Therefore, the sand particles are separated into the exposed stone surface and the sand particles remaining in the surface pallet are reused.

As described above, large and medium and small natural stones, large and medium and small artificial stones, and sand particles forming joints are formed on the surface of the concrete product. However, a concrete product with an excellent appearance can be obtained. The exposed surface of this concrete product is a joint sand grain surface and the exposed surface of any natural stone large, medium or small or artificial stone large, medium and small mixed materials is in harmony with the natural environment, and the exposed surface is highly aesthetic and it is important for society to improve environmental destruction. It has an epoch-making effect that contributes.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of a molding apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an example of a molding apparatus for performing the method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a formwork apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a development explanation of the formwork device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is another embodiment of a formwork apparatus for performing the method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a development explanatory view of the formwork device shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a surface pallet P-1 on which stone blocks S of natural stone or artificial stone and sand particles SS for forming joints are provided.

FIG. 8 is a surface view of a concrete product formed using the surface pallet P-1.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the concrete product.

[Explanation of symbols]

(1) ... Machine frame (2) ... Grocket with anti-vibration rubber (3) ... Anti-vibration rubber (4) ... Formwork (5) ... Vibration base plate (6) ... Surface pallet vibrator (7) ... Vertical pallet lifting Cylinder (7-1): Guide shaft for surely moving the vibration base plate up and down (8): Convex side mold (9): Cylinder for convex side mold actuation (10): Drainage pore (11) ... Form vibrator (12) ... Supply box (13) ... Supply box actuating cylinder (14) ... Hopper (15) ... Press plate (15-2) ... Spring (19) ... Compression and press plate press Bar (20): Arm rod for carrying out the product (21) ... Cylinder for operating the arm rod (22) ... Roll for moving the arm rod (23) ... Chain conveyor B ... Concrete product S ... Stone block SS ... Sand grain P: Surface pallet P-1: Surface on which natural stones, artificial stones, and sand grains for joint formation are laid Let W ... water spray nozzle

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Agency reference number FI Technical display location E02D 29/02 303 E02D 29/02 303

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A double-structured formwork having a rigid mold plate adhered to its inner surface.
And a movable left and right side frame provided with a convex portion.
A surface pallet for forming each surface is placed on a vibrating base plate that moves upward and downward with the exposed surface of the concrete product to be formed by the immediate demolding method facing downward, and the surface pallet is placed on the bottom surface of the formwork. Parettosu Rourke stopped primary risen inserted to the lower end position, from the mold upper opening, falls supplying a predetermined amount of hard kneading concrete while providing a sheet material a box front plate vibration and the vibration in the mold in advance of the sheet material a box, By closing the open side molds, the concrete is compressed while eliminating the voids in the concrete, and the concrete is raised upward, the excess material on the upper surface of the form is returned to the material box, and the upper surface is leveled by retreating the material box. cut to a press plate pressed from above, while providing an independent vibrating surface palette paused in terms pallet stroke end position from the lower, pushed up surface Parettosu stroke limit position, the concrete in the formwork total A product unloading the immediate demolding with a surface pallet downward, it is synchronized waiting below gives instantaneous vibration in pressed compression compaction molding mold open mobile frame sides a,
A method for forming a concrete product, wherein the next surface pallet is supplied by a one-step operation and transferred by an arm rod. 2. The front plate of the supply box is separated via a vibration-proof rubber,
2. The concrete product according to claim 1, wherein the concrete product is formed in a single material box, a vibrator is provided on the front plate, and the hardened concrete is supplied to the form while applying vibration to the front plate at the time of material supply. Molding method. 3. A surface pallet of each shape is provided with a large number of pores for draining on the bottom surface, and large, medium, small, natural stones or artificial stones are juxtaposed on the surface pallet. The gap between small and cobble stones is filled with sand for forming joints in a thickness of approximately half the thickness of the cobblestone. 3. A large and medium-sized concrete product formed by the method for forming a concrete product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a surface pallet is used which is configured to compact the sand layer and stabilize the stone mass by draining water from the drain hole. Concrete products whose surface is the surface of stone blocks of small, natural, or artificial stone and the surface of joint sand.