JPH0585297B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a machining center equipped with an automatic tool changer and a magazine, and particularly to a machine tool in which the area occupied by the magazine is small and magazine maintenance work is easy. Regarding.

[Conventional technology]

In conventional machining centers equipped with automatic tool changers, the magazine is attached to the side or top of the column.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the above-mentioned conventional machining centers, those in which the magazine is mounted on the top surface are superior in terms of space utilization, but there is a problem in that maintenance work on the magazine is difficult, such as when an operator needs to replace worn tools etc. inside the magazine. . On the other hand, if the magazine is attached to the side of the column, the difficulty of maintaining the magazine is somewhat improved, but the problem is that the magazine is located at the rear of the side and the area occupied by the covering etc. increases. It was hot.

The present invention has been made to solve the problems of the difficulty of magazine maintenance work and the large area occupied by the magazine, and it facilitates magazine maintenance work such as replacing worn tools inside the magazine. At the same time, it is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool in which the area occupied by the magazine is reduced.

[Means for solving problems]

Means for solving the above problems in the present invention includes a spindle on which a tool can be detachably mounted and movable to a tool changing position of a machine tool, and a spindle provided near the axis of the spindle on the side surface of the base of the machine tool. a magazine cover body having an inner cylindrical part formed therein and centered on an axis perpendicular to the spindle axis; A plurality of tool holding parts for storing the tools are disposed in a direction parallel to the central axis of the body, and a tool magazine main body having a hollow part formed in the center, and a tool magazine main body provided on the magazine cover body or the base part, The tool holder, which has been indexed to the tool exchange position of the tool magazine body, is inserted into the hollow part about an axis perpendicular to the spindle axis direction and the center axis of the magazine cover body so as to be parallel to the spindle axis. an arm that is provided on the magazine cover body or the base between the tool magazine body and the spindle, and includes a grip portion that grips the tool and is capable of pivoting and moving forward and backward; passing through the hollow part by the holding part swinging means,
The present invention is characterized in that it includes an automatic tool changer that exchanges a tool on the holder that has swung in a direction parallel to the spindle axis and a tool on the spindle that has moved to the tool exchange position.

[Effect]

By using the hollow part provided in the magazine as the operating space during automatic tool exchange, the present invention allows the magazine to be placed near the spindle side of a conventional machining center. It is possible to reduce the increase in the area occupied by the magazine by making effective use of the magazine.
Furthermore, since the magazine is located within the work area of the machining center, work efficiency becomes particularly easy.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 are a side view and a plan view of a vertical machining center embodying the present invention. first,
The configuration of a machining center that implements the present invention will be described. A spindle head 1 supports a spindle (main shaft) 2, and is supported by a saddle 3 so as to be movable in the direction of the main shaft axis (hereinafter referred to as the Z axis). This saddle 3 is supported by a column 4 so as to be movable in a horizontal direction (hereinafter referred to as the
It is designed to be able to move in the axial direction. Column 4
is fixed on the head 5. Movement of the spindle 2 in the Z-axis direction is performed by a ball screw (not shown) or the like driven by a servo motor. On the other hand, the X-axis movement of the saddle 3 is performed by a motor 7, a ball screw 8, and the like.
Below the spindle 2, a table 9 on which a mounting jig with a workpiece clamped is placed is disposed on the head 5 so as to be movable in a horizontal direction (hereinafter referred to as the Y-axis) orthogonal to the X-axis. This Y-axis movement is performed by motor 9
This is done using a ball screw (not shown) or the like. In addition to the above, this vertical machining center also includes a magazine 10 having a hollow portion 10a, which is the main part of the present invention, and an automatic tool changer (hereinafter referred to as ATC).
It consists of 11 etc. Note that the machine tool in which the present invention is implemented is not limited to the above-mentioned machine tool, and the spindle may be vertical or horizontal as long as the spindle can be moved to the tool exchange position, and the machine tool may be one in which the column is movable. Also good.

Next, the configuration of the magazine 10 will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the main parts of the magazine 10 viewed from the side, including the cross section taken along the line -' in FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the tool pot and its rotating mechanism. The magazine 10 is composed of a ring member 10b, and a tool pot 12 is disposed on the periphery of the ring member 10b as a tool holding means, and a replacement tool 13 is removably housed in the tool pot 12. That is, the tool pot 12 has a tapered hole 12a, and a ball 12b biased by a spring or the like is provided at the back side of the hole 12a, and presses a pull stud 13a at the insertion tip of the tool 13 inserted into the tapered hole 12a. and hold it.
A guide portion 10c and a ring gear 10d are formed concentrically on the outer periphery of the ring member 10b, and the ring member 10b, the guide portion 10c, and the ring gear 10d constitute a tool magazine body.
This guide portion 10c is the cover 1 of the magazine.
The ring member 10b is fitted into and abuts the groove of the guide roller 17 which is pivotally supported by the ring member 10e, and thereby the ring member 10b is rotatably supported within the cover 10e. This cover 10e covers the entire magazine and is supported by a support (not shown) on the side of the bed 5. cover 10
A motor 14 is attached to e, and a ring gear 10d meshes with a gear 14a fixed to the motor shaft, and as the motor 14 rotates, the ring member 1
0b is configured to be rotated. By controlling this rotation, the predetermined tool 13 for replacement can be
It is indexed to position B′. The tool 13 at position B' is
The tool pot 12 that grips this is able to swing around a pin 12c, and the cover 10e
The tool is tilted to a tool exchange position B in the hollow part 10a of the magazine by driving a swing cylinder 15 as a holding part swing means fixed to the magazine. That is, the tool pot 12 is rotatably connected to the annular catch member 1 by a pin 12c having an axis perpendicular to the magazine axis within the U-shaped member 16.
The catch member 10f is guided and held in the horizontal direction at 0f, and at the indexing position of the tool pot 12, the catch member 10f is cut within a range through which the tool pot 12 can pass. The U-shaped member 16 is the ring member 1
It is attached to a bracket 16a that is screwed inward of 0b. A cam roller 12d is rotatably provided at the rear of the tool pot 12, and is configured to pass through a notch in an engaging member 15b at the tip of a rod 15a driven by a swing cylinder 15 before indexing the tool. . When indexing the tool, the tool pot 12 of the predetermined tool 13 engages with the engagement member 15.
The rod 15a connected to the piston 15c moves upward under the action of the hydraulic pressure of the swing cylinder 15, and the cam roller 12d
rotates upward around the pin 12c, and the tool pot 12 collapses into the tool exchange position B in the hollow part 10a of the magazine.As a result, the tool 13 becomes parallel to the tool 13' on the spindle, and the tool is automatically changed by the ATC 11. Exchange becomes possible.

Next, we will describe the configuration of ATC. Figure 5 is a plan view of the ATC, which is a view in the direction of the arrows in Figure 3, and Figure 6 is a plan view of the ATC.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the parent and child cylinders of the ATC. ATCY11 includes an arm 11a that rotates on an axis parallel to the spindle 2, and this arm 11a.
It is composed of a parent-child cylinder 18 that drives the arm 11a to the retracted position (solid line position in Figure 5) and the tool exchange position (double-dotted chain line position in Figure 5), and a cylinder 19 that moves this arm 11a up and down along the above-mentioned axis. . The rod 11b is the axis parallel to the spindle 2,
A piston 11c is provided at its upper end,
It is moved up and down by the action of hydraulic pressure from a cylinder 19 supported by a fixed part. A cup-shaped cover 11d is rotatably attached to the lower end of the rod 11b via a bearing. An arm 11a is fixed to this cup-shaped cover 11d, and as described above, the arm 11a is fixed to the cup-shaped cover 11d.
1a is configured to be rotatable relative to the rod 11b and to be moved up and down together with the rod 11b. On the other hand, bearings 20a, 20a are attached to the bracket 20, which is a fixed part.
Spline shaft 21 rotatably supported via
is hollow and loosely fitted into the rod 11b, and further fitted into the arm 11a via a spline groove 11e. A pinion 21b is fixed to the part of the spline shaft 21 supported by the bracket 20 by a key 21a, and the bracket 2
Cross-direction rack bar 18a disposed within 0
It meshes with the This rack bar 18a is slid by the action of the hydraulic pressure of the parent-child cylinder 18, and rotates the spline shaft 21 via the pinion 21b. As shown in FIG.
The rack bar 18a has a second piston 18e driven by the second cylinder 18c at the end of the rack bar 18a.
is formed. The tip of the rod 18f of the first piston 18d driven by the first cylinder 18b is pressed against the second piston 18e. As the first piston 18d moves, the rack bar 18a is pressed and slides, causing the arm 11a to move.
is rotated 90 degrees from one tool change position (eg B) to the retracted position. The second cylinder 18c further moves the second piston 18e to the rack bar 18.
a to rotate the arm 11a by 90 degrees from the above-mentioned retracted position to the other tool exchange position (for example, A). Although not shown in FIG. 7, a parent and child cylinder is similarly arranged on the left side, and the arm 11a
Rotate in the opposite direction to the above.

The functions of the spindle, magazine, and ATC in the machining center configured as described above will be described. The tool 13' of the spindle 2 moved to the tool exchange position A and the tool 13 indexed to the tool exchange position B in the hollow part 10a of the magazine,
The ATC arm 11a moves from the retracted position to one of the second
clockwise in FIG. 5 by the cylinder 18c of
It is rotated 90 degrees and transferred. Next, cylinder 19
, the arm 11a moves downward and removes the tools 13 and 1 from the tool pot 12 and the spindle 2.
3' is held by the arm 11a and pulled out.
Here, the arm 11a is rotated 180 degrees counterclockwise by continuous driving of the first and second cylinders 18b and 18c of the other parent-child cylinder 11, and the tool 13 is rotated 180 degrees counterclockwise.
moves the tool 13' to the tool change position A side of the spindle 2.
is moved to the tool exchange position B side of the magazine. Subsequently, the arm 11a is moved upward by the drive of the cylinder 19, and the tool 13 is inserted into the spindle 2 and the tool 13' into the tool pot 12. After this, arm 11
a is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise by the first cylinder 18b and moved to the retracted position, and the tool pot 12 is rotated to position B' by the downward drive of the swing cylinder 15. Then, the tool exchange operation is completed.

In this way, this embodiment has the hollow part 10a of the magazine.
Since the tool exchange operation is performed inside the machine, the magazine 10 can be placed on the side near the spindle 2, that is, on the front side of the side of the machining center.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the magazine can be provided on the front side of the machine tool and near the main body of the machine tool, so operations such as tool changeover and worn tool replacement can be performed and magazine maintenance can be carried out. etc., and since the installation location is secured as a work area, the area occupied by the magazine can be reduced, resulting in the effect of saving space. In addition, since the tool and arm are configured to perform tool exchange operations within the magazine cover or the machine tool body, the tools and arms do not fly out of the machine tool body during tool exchange operations, unlike conventional machine tools. No rocking movement,
Safety for workers can also be improved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view of a machining center according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof, Fig. 3 is a configuration diagram of the main parts including the section taken along the line -' in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 shows the tool pot and its rotation. An enlarged sectional view of the dynamic mechanism, Figure 5 is a plan view of the ATC in the direction of the arrow in Figure 3, and Figure 6 is the ATC.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the parent and child cylinders of the ATC. 2... Spindle, 7... Motor, 8... Ball screw, 10... Magazine, 10a... Hollow part, 10b... Ring member, 10c... Guide part, 10d... Ring gear, 11... ATC, 1
2...Tool pot, 12c...Pin, 12d...
...Cam roller, 13, 13'...Tool, 15...
Swing cylinder, 15b... Engagement member, 16... U-shaped member, 17... Guide roller, 18... Parent-child cylinder, 18a... Rack bar, 19... Cylinder, 21... Spline shaft, 21b... Pinion .

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A spindle on which a tool can be detachably attached and which can be moved to a tool changing position of a machine tool; a magazine cover body having an inner cylindrical part formed with an axis centered on the magazine cover body; disposing a plurality of tool holders for storing the tools in the direction;
A tool magazine main body having a hollow part formed in the center; and a tool holding part provided on the magazine cover body or the base part and indexed to a tool exchange position of the tool magazine main body so as to be parallel to the spindle axis. a holding part swinging means for swinging into the hollow part about an axis perpendicular to the spindle axis direction and the central axis of the magazine cover body; The arm is provided between the spindle and has a grip for gripping the tool, and is rotatable and movable forward and backward. A machine tool comprising: an automatic tool changer that exchanges a tool in a swinging holding section and a tool in the spindle that has moved to the tool change position.