JPH0584824B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a device for detecting contamination inside an air compressor and a gas turbine in a gas turbine power generation device, and a contamination amount detection signal from the device. ,
The present invention relates to cleaning devices in which the cleaning level inside them is controlled.

[Prior art]

Gas turbine power generation equipment generally injects air pressurized by a turbo-type air compressor and liquid fuel such as light oil or heavy oil or gaseous fuel such as LNG or LPG into a combustor, and the resulting high temperature A gas turbine is rotated by a jet of high-pressure combustion gas, and a generator connected to the turbine is driven to generate electricity.

An air filter is usually installed in the air intake passage of an air compressor, but it cannot sufficiently collect fine particles and chemical substances floating in the air, such as dust, salt, oil, fat, and carbonized substances. Have difficulty. Therefore, these substances enter the air compressor and the stator blades,
It adheres and accumulates on moving blades and air passages. On the other hand, in addition to the dust scattered from the air compressor, non-combustible substances and unburned substances in the combustion gas also adhere and accumulate on the stationary blades, rotor blades, air passages, etc. of the gas turbine.

It is undesirable that contaminants adhere and accumulate in the air compressor or gas turbine, since this will reduce the air volume of the compressor, increase the temperature of the gas turbine exhaust gas, and further reduce the amount of power generated, thereby reducing plant efficiency. When the amount of contamination reaches a certain level, it is necessary to stop power generation and clean the inside. However, the amount of pollution depends on many variable factors, such as the environment in which the plant is installed, changes in that environment, the size and duration of the operating load, the operating method, and the type of fuel used. isn't it.

Therefore, there is a need for a system that accurately measures the amount of contaminants that have actually adhered or accumulated and determines when to start cleaning based on this.

To meet this demand, for example, a bypass path is provided in the air introduction path for compressed air, and a filter for detecting the accumulation of salt, which is a type of pollutant, is installed there, and the amount of accumulated salt is detected using an optical method. It is proposed that. (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 52-47112) [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, such a method of detecting the amount of contamination requires special equipment such as a bypass path as the detection equipment, and also requires a process between detection of the amount of contamination and cleaning. The filter must be replaced every cycle. In addition, in order to maintain measurement reproducibility, it is necessary to strictly control filter variations, and while it is only possible to deal with specific pollutants, it is not possible to directly grasp the overall amount of pollution in the gas turbine itself. is not possible.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention can provide a contamination amount detection device with good reproducibility and high accuracy by directly utilizing the measurement means for operation management normally provided in a gas turbine power generation device, and This invention was based on the knowledge that by organically combining the detection device with cleaning means for decontamination, it is possible to provide extremely efficient cleaning devices for the interior of air compressors and gas turbines. .

Generally, the compression ratio of an air compressor is determined by various factors, but it is important to note that the value of the change that occurs over the course of operation corresponds to the amount of contamination inside the compressor with relatively good reproducibility, and that it also depends on the operation of the gas turbine. The amount of internal contamination that occurs over time is almost proportional to the amount of internal contamination in the air compressor, and these are equal to the amount of heat that should be generated in the combustor under ideal combustion conditions (converted amount of input fuel into heat amount). It was found that this corresponds with the amount of change in thermal efficiency calculated from the amount of power generated at that time with relatively good reproducibility. Furthermore, the progress of internal contamination in gas turbines is
It was also found that this resulted in an increase in gas turbine exhaust temperature.

Cleaning of gas turbine generators is usually done at 1000rpm.
Alternatively, the cleaning liquid is sprayed in a mist form from the air suction side of an air compressor that is cranked at a lower speed, and the sprayed cleaning liquid mist is passed through the air compressor and combustor using a low-speed air flow. A method of cleaning the gas turbine by flowing it through the gas turbine is often used. In this way, when the internal cleaning of the air compressor and the gas turbine are performed in common, the detection part of the contamination detection device used to determine the cleaning start time detects the amount of change in the compression ratio or the change in thermal efficiency as described above. It is sufficient to use either amount. However, although practically satisfactory results can be obtained by using these changes as indicators of the amount of internal contamination in gas turbine power generation equipment, air compressor , or to deal with cases where the rate of increase in the amount of contamination in either one of the gas turbines is large, to eliminate the effects of various other fluctuation factors as much as possible, and to obtain higher accuracy and reproducibility. It is preferable to calculate the amount of contamination by integrating the amount of change in both the ratio and the heat consumption rate.

Therefore, the gist of the first invention of the present invention based on such knowledge, which is an air compressor for a gas turbine power generator and a contamination detection device inside the gas turbine, is to calculate the air pressure from the air suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor. A compression ratio change detection unit that compares the compression ratio value to its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio, and the amount of heat and power generation that should be generated converted from the amount of fuel supplied to the combustor. It is characterized by having a thermal efficiency change detection section that compares the value of thermal efficiency with its normal value and detects the amount of change in thermal efficiency, and a pollution amount calculation section that inputs output signals from these detection sections and calculates the amount of pollution. That is. In addition to the compression ratio and thermal efficiency which are mainly explained as the pollution amount detection device of the present invention, it is also possible to use the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor or the change in the exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine.

Further, the second aspect of the present invention is an air compressor for a gas turbine power generation device and a cleaning device for the inside of the gas turbine, which is equipped with the pollution detection device of the first invention, and is capable of calculating the amount of contamination of the pollution detection device. It is characterized by having a cleaning level setting section for setting a plurality of cleaning levels corresponding to the cleaning level, and a cleaning liquid control section for controlling the cleaning liquid sprayed to the air suction side of the air compressor based on the setting value of the setting section. be.

[Examples and effects]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a contamination detection device inside an air compressor and gas turbine of the present invention, and a cleaning device using the same.

The gas turbine power generation device is composed of a turbo-type air compressor 1, a combustor 2, a gas turbine 3, and a generator 4 as main parts, and except for the combustor 2, the rotating shafts are connected to each other.

The suction side of the air compressor 1 communicates with an air suction chamber 5, and a filter 6 is provided in the air introduction passage of the air suction chamber 5. A discharge side of the air compressor 1 is connected to a combustor 2, and compressed air is discharged to the combustor 2. The combustor 2 is provided with a fuel introduction part 8 for injecting fuel from a fuel pipe 7 and a gas turbine inlet part 9 for guiding combustion gas to the gas turbine 3. Further, a gas discharge side of the gas turbine 3 is communicated with an exhaust chamber 10.

Pressure transmitters 11 and 12 and temperature transmitters 13 and 14 are provided on the suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor 1, and the output signals of these transmitters are input to the compression ratio calculation section 15. In the compression ratio calculating section 15, the output signals of the pressure transmitters 11 and 12 are subtracted, and a signal proportional to the compression ratio is output. The temperature transmitters 13 and 14 are used to perform temperature correction on the respective pressures on the suction side and the discharge side when calculating the compression ratio.

The output signal of the compression ratio calculation section 15 is input to the compression ratio change detection section 16, where it is compared with the normal value signal of the compression ratio from the normal value setting device 17, and a signal proportional to the amount of change in the compression ratio is output. . Normal value setting device 17
The output of the compression ratio calculation unit 15 during operation of the air compressor 1 immediately after installation, immediately after periodic inspection, or immediately after thorough cleaning is stored and set as the normal value of the compression ratio. . Further, this normal value can also be set manually by calculation.

A fuel flow rate transmitter 18 is provided in the fuel pipe 7, and its output signal is input to a heat rate calculating section 19. On the other hand, the output of the generator 4 is measured by the wattmeter 20 and similarly input to the thermal efficiency calculation section 19. Thermal efficiency is the amount of electricity generated (Kcal)/the amount of heat generated in the combustor (Kcal) per unit time.
It is preferable to take an average value over a certain period of time in consideration of time delays and short-term fluctuations. In other words, calculate the amount of heat generated by integrating the fuel flow rate for 15 minutes, for example, and converting it into calories.Similarly, calculate the amount of generated electricity by integrating the generator output at that time for 15 minutes, converting this into calories, and calculate the amount of heat generated. This is done by calculating the ratio.
Therefore, the output of the thermal efficiency calculation section 19 in this case is
Average value for 15 minutes.

The thermal efficiency calculated in this way is input from the thermal efficiency calculation section 19 to the thermal efficiency change detection section 21, where it is compared with the normal value signal of thermal efficiency from the normal value setting device 22, and a signal proportional to the amount of change in thermal efficiency is output. be done. The thermal efficiency normal value setter 22 stores and sets the output of the thermal efficiency calculation section 19 during operation immediately after installation as the normal value of thermal efficiency, similar to the compression ratio normal value setter 17 described above.

Compression ratio change detection section 16 and thermal efficiency change detection section 2
The output signal of No. 1 is input to the contamination amount calculation section 23, where both signals are added and outputted to the display section 24 as a contamination amount signal. This is because, as mentioned above, the amount of contamination in the air compressor 1 and the amount of contamination in the gas turbine 3 usually increase with the same trend over time, but when the rate of increase in either one becomes large depending on the operating conditions, It is desirable to obtain a contamination amount signal that incorporates this, and it is also desirable to improve accuracy by removing as much as possible the influence of fluctuation factors that affect the compression ratio and thermal efficiency. The amounts are added together and the influence of each is averaged.

Figure 2 shows the amount of change in compression ratio ΔΡ with respect to operating time t.
This shows an example of the trend of the thermal efficiency change amount Δη,
In this example, both have a coefficient Κ ₁
and Κ ₂ are multiplied and added to calculate the comprehensive pollution amount calculation line Κ ₁ ΔΡ + Κ ₂ Δη. Κ ₁ and Κ ₂ are constants that predetermine the overall influence of the compression ratio change corresponding to the air compressor pollution amount and the thermal efficiency change corresponding to the gas turbine pollution amount, for example, 0.1. It can be determined empirically in any range of ~10.

The output of the contamination amount calculating section 23 is input to the display section 24, where the amount of contamination is indicated or recorded, and is also input to the cleaning level setting section 25. In the cleaning level setting section 25, the output of the contamination amount calculation section 23 is set to three contamination level setting devices 26a and 26 in this example.
b, and set values S ₁ , S ₂ and S ₃ of 26c, and when the set values are greater than or equal to the set values, a cleaning level set value signal corresponding to the value is output. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the contamination amount calculator output and the contamination stage set values S ₁ , S ₂ and S ₃ . The number of contamination stage setters is not limited to three, but any number can be used, and a cleaning level set value signal corresponding to the number of setters can be obtained.

The output of the cleaning level setting section 25 is transmitted to the cleaning liquid control section 2.
7. The cleaning liquid control unit 27 controls the cleaning liquid sprayed onto the suction side of the air compressor 1, and automatically selects a control method corresponding to the input cleaning level setting value. For example, when the contamination stage setting value is set to three levels S ₁ , S ₂ and S ₃ , A. If the cleaning level setting value is when the contamination stage is S ₁ or more and less than S ₂ ...with only water as a cleaning solution. Wash.

B: If the cleaning level is set when the contamination stage is _S2 or higher and less than _S3 ...Clean with a cleaning solution containing detergent, and then clean (rinse) with a cleaning solution containing only water.

C. When the cleaning level setting value is set when the contamination stage is _S3 or higher...The same cleaning process as in case B above is carried out, but the cleaning time is made longer.

Three different control methods can be selected. Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate various control methods such as multi-stage setting and changing the flow rate and injection pressure of the cleaning liquid.

If the contamination stage reaches S ₁ or higher, it may not be possible to immediately stop power generation and operate the cleaning equipment. For example, there may be cases where it is not possible to remove the load immediately, or cases where it is economically better to wait until the amount of contamination increases and clean it at another stage. Furthermore, even if power generation is stopped immediately, it is necessary to cut off the fuel, temporarily stop the gas turbine, and then start cranking at a low speed using a starter motor, etc., and it will take some time until cleaning conditions are established. Therefore, a cleaning start signal 28 can be input to the cleaning liquid control unit 27, and an interlock is performed so that a cleaning command is not issued from the cleaning liquid control unit 27 until after this signal 28 is input. can. This cleaning start command can be formed by organically selectively combining a generator stop completion signal from the generator control circuit 29, a gas turbine crank operation signal, or a signal from a manual cleaning stop release switch.
In order to notify the power generator control circuit 29 of the contamination stage and make a shutdown decision, the output of the cleaning level setting section 25 is sent to the power generator control circuit 29 through a communication line 30.
Can be combined with

The cleaning liquid containing detergent is sent from the tank 31 to the pipe 32.
It enters the collecting pipe 33 through the collecting pipe 33 and is sprayed into the air suction chamber 5 from a large number of cleaning nozzles 34 provided in the collecting pipe 33. 35 provided in the pipe 32 is a filter, 36 is a pump, 37 is a pressure regulating valve, 38 is a flow regulating valve, 39 is a flow transmitter, and 40 is a check valve. Note that the pressure regulating valve 37 is controlled by a pressure regulator 41, and the flow rate regulating valve 38 is controlled by a flow rate regulator 42.

On the other hand, a cleaning liquid (usually water) that does not contain detergent flows from a tank 43 through a pipe 44 to join the pipe 32. 45 provided in the pipe 44 is a filter;
46 is a pump, 47 is a pressure control valve, 48 is a flow rate control valve, 49 is a flow rate transmitter, 50 is a check valve,
Furthermore, 51 is a pressure regulator, and 52 is a flow regulator.

The pumps 36, 46, pressure control valves 37, 47, and flow rate control valves 38, 48 in these washing circuits are controlled by the washing liquid control section 27.

Drain pipes 53, 54, 55, and 56 are installed at the bottom of the air suction chamber 5, the bottom of the combustor 2, and the bottom of the exhaust chamber 10 of the gas turbine 3, respectively, and an on-off valve 57, 58, 59, and 60 are provided, and these on-off valves are controlled by the cleaning liquid control section 27. 61 is a tank for drainage.

In the example shown in FIG.
5, compression ratio change detection section 16, normal value setting device 17,
Although the thermal efficiency calculating section 19, the thermal efficiency change detecting section 21, the normal value setting device 22, etc. are shown in block form as separate units, it is clear that they are not limited to this and can be combined into a unit in any combination. It is. Further, all calculation mechanisms including these and the contamination amount calculation section 23 can be performed by a computer. In order to quickly respond to various changes in conditions, the calculations and controls of the cleaning level setting unit 25 and the cleaning liquid control unit 27 are preferably computerized and handled by changing programs rather than being configured in hardware.

Next, the operation of the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1 will be explained with reference to the operation time chart shown in FIG. 3.

If the contamination inside the air compressor 1 and the gas turbine 3 progresses and the output of the contamination amount calculation unit 23 increases, for example, if it reaches the contamination stage value S ₂ or more, the output of the cleaning level setting unit 25 will change accordingly. outputs a cleaning level signal. This output is from the cleaning liquid control section 27.
and is transmitted to the power generation device control circuit 29, where it is used to determine whether to stop power generation. When power generation is stopped and the state becomes ready for cleaning, a cleaning start signal 28 is input to the cleaning liquid control section 27. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid control section 27 starts the pump 36 and sends a signal to the pressure regulator 41 and the flow rate regulator 42 to maintain the pressure and flow rate of the cleaning liquid at predetermined values. As a result, the cleaning liquid containing the detergent is sprayed into the air suction chamber 5, and the cleaning liquid mist is carried from the suction side to the discharge side of the air compressor 1 on the air flow sucked in by the crank operation of the air compressor 1. . At this time, the cleaning liquid mist adheres to the moving blades, stationary blades, and air passages and flows down to wash away contaminants. Next, the remainder of the cleaning mist passes through the combustor 2 and enters the gas turbine 3, where it is spent cleaning its rotor blades and the like, and finally is discharged into the exhaust chamber 10. The cleaning liquid that has flowed down to the bottom of each device is drained from the drainage on-off valves 57 to 6, which are opened at the same time as cleaning starts.
0 and is discharged to the tank 61.

After a certain period of time has elapsed, the pump 36 is stopped to finish spraying the detergent-containing cleaning liquid, and then the pump 46 is started to supply cleaning water that does not contain a cleaning agent into the air suction chamber 5 in the same manner as in the above-mentioned cleaning circuit. Spray and rinse. After rinsing for a certain period of time, the pump 46
, and then close the drain valves 57 to 60.

When the predetermined cleaning operation is completed, a power generation start command is issued manually or automatically, and power generation is restarted.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The contamination detection device of the present invention utilizes signals from the suction side and discharge side pressure gauges and thermometers of the air compressor provided for managing the gas turbine power generator, the generator output signal, the fuel consumption signal, etc. It is characterized by detecting the amount of change in the compression ratio and thermal efficiency of the air compressor from these and calculating the amount of internal contamination of the air compressor and gas turbine by integrating them, so it is different from conventional equipment. There is no need to provide special detection equipment for the system, and there is no need to update the detection equipment for each cleaning cycle, so the degree of contamination after cleaning, that is, the cleaning effect, can be confirmed immediately after restarting. Furthermore, it has high accuracy and reproducibility, and by using it as a highly reliable indicator of when to start cleaning, the performance of the gas turbine power generator can be controlled at the target level at all times.

In addition, the cleaning device of the present invention classifies the contamination amount signal from such a contamination detection device into a plurality of contamination stages, sets the cleaning level based on the contamination level, and controls the cleaning liquid, thereby improving reliability. A highly detailed cleaning method can be automatically performed, and the power generation stop time required for cleaning can be shortened to the minimum necessary, contributing to improved plant operating efficiency and reduced costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram for explaining an example of the air compressor and gas turbine internal contamination detection device and cleaning device using the same according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the amount of change in compression ratio ΔΡ with respect to operating time t, A diagram showing an example of the trend of the thermal efficiency change amount Δη, and FIG. 3 is an operation time chart of the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1. 1... Air compressor, 2... Combustor, 3... Gas turbine, 4... Generator, 5... Air suction chamber, 6
... Filter, 7 ... Fuel piping, 8 ... Fuel introduction section, 9 ... Gas turbine inlet section, 10 ... Gas turbine exhaust chamber, 11, 12 ... Pressure transmitter, 1
3, 14... Temperature transmitter, 13a... Gas turbine inlet temperature transmitter, 14a... Gas turbine exhaust temperature transmitter, 15... Compression ratio calculation section, 16... Compression ratio change detection section, 17, 22... ...normal value setting device,
18...Flow rate transmitter, 19...Thermal efficiency calculation section, 2
0... Wattmeter, 21... Thermal efficiency change detection section, 23
... Contamination amount calculation section, 24 ... Display section, 25 ... Cleaning level setting section, 26a, 26b, 26c ... Contamination stage setting device, 27 ... Cleaning liquid control section, 28 ...
Cleaning start signal, 29... Generator control circuit, 30
...Communication line, 31,43...Tank, 32,44
... Piping, 33 ... Collection pipe, 34 ... Cleaning nozzle, 35, 45 ... Filter, 36, 46 ... Pump, 37, 47 ... Pressure control valve, 38, 48 ...
...Flow rate control valve, 39, 49...Flow rate transmitter, 4
0,50...Check valve, 41,51...Pressure regulator, 42,52...Flow rate regulator, 53,54,5
5, 56...Drain pipe, 57, 58, 59, 60...
...Opening/closing valve, 61...Tank.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a contamination detection device inside an air compressor 1 and a gas turbine 3 of a gas turbine power generation device, a compression ratio calculated based on the pressure on the air suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor 1. Alternatively, a compression ratio change detection unit 16 that compares the value of adiabatic efficiency (hereinafter referred to as compression ratio) calculated based on this compression ratio with its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio; The value of the thermal efficiency or heat consumption rate of the gas turbine, which is calculated based on the amount of heat converted from the amount of fuel and the amount of power generated by the generator 4 at that time, is compared with its normal value, and the amount of change in these (hereinafter referred to as thermal efficiency) is determined. Thermal efficiency change detection section 21 detects
A pollution amount calculation unit 2 that calculates the pollution amount of the air compressor and gas turbine by inputting the output signals from 6 and 21.
3. An apparatus for detecting contamination inside an air compressor and a gas turbine, comprising: 2. In the cleaning device inside the air compressor 1 and gas turbine 3 of the gas turbine power generator, the value of the compression ratio calculated based on the pressure on the air suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor 1 is determined as its normal value. The compression ratio change detection unit 16 compares and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio, and the value of thermal efficiency calculated from the amount of heat generated in the combustor 2 and the amount of power generated at that time is compared with its normal value to determine the amount of change in thermal efficiency. The contamination detection device includes a thermal efficiency change detection section 21 that detects a change in thermal efficiency, and a contamination amount calculation section 23 that inputs output signals from these detection sections 16 and 21 to calculate the amount of contamination. The present invention includes a cleaning level setting section 25 that sets a plurality of cleaning levels corresponding to the calculated amount, and a cleaning liquid control section 27 that controls the cleaning liquid sprayed to the air suction side of the air compressor 1 based on the setting value of the setting section 25. A cleaning device for the inside of an air compressor and gas turbine.