JPS63131834A - Device for detecting pollution in air compressor and gas turbine and washing device using said detecting device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the efficiency of running a plant by calculating a pollution level from changes in compression ratio and thermal efficiency. CONSTITUTION:Pressures at the intake and discharge sides of an air compressor 1 are detected by pressure oscillators 11, 12 to obtain a change in compression ratio by a detecting section 16. A fuel amount supplied to a combustor 2 and a generated energy of a generator 4 are detected to obtain a change in thermal efficiency by a detecting section 21. Next, the pollution levels in the compressor 1 and a gas turbine 3 are calculated from changes in compression ratio and thermal efficiency by a calculating section 23 to spray washing liquid from a nozzle 34 to the intake side of air compressor 1 according to the pollution level. Thus, a time taken for washing can be shortened to improve the efficiency of running a plant.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides a device for detecting contamination inside an air compressor and a gas turbine in a gas turbine power generation device, and a contamination amount detection signal from the device. The present invention relates to a cleaning device in which the internal cleaning level is controlled.

[Traditional technique]

Gas turbine power generation equipment generally injects air pressurized by a turbo-type air compressor and liquid fuel such as light oil or heavy oil or gaseous fuel such as LNG or LPG into a combustor, and generates high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The jet of combustion gas rotates a gas turbine, which drives a generator connected to it to generate electricity.

An air filter is usually installed in the air introduction passage of an air compressor, but it removes fine particles and chemicals suspended in the air.
For example, it is difficult to sufficiently collect dust, salt, oily bones, carbide, etc. Therefore, these substances enter the air compressor and accumulate on the stator blades, rotor blades, air passages, etc. On the other hand, in addition to the dust scattered from the air compressor, non-combustible substances and unburned substances in the combustion gas also adhere and accumulate on the stationary blades, rotor blades, air passages, etc. of the gas turbine.

It is undesirable that contaminants adhere and accumulate in the air compressor or gas turbine, since this will reduce the air volume of the compressor, increase the temperature of the gas turbine exhaust gas, and further reduce the amount of power generated, thereby reducing plant efficiency. When the amount of contamination reaches a certain level, it is necessary to stop power generation and clean the inside. However, the amount of pollution depends on many variable factors, such as the environment in which the plant is installed, changes in that environment, the size and duration of the operating load, the operating method, and the type of fuel used, and is not necessarily a constant amount after a certain period of operation. .

Therefore, there is a need for a system that accurately measures the amount of contaminants that have actually adhered or accumulated and determines when to start cleaning based on this.

To meet this demand, for example, a bypass path is provided in the air introduction path for compressed air, and a filter for detecting the accumulation of salt, which is a type of pollutant, is installed there, and the amount of accumulated salt is detected using an optical method. It is proposed that.

(Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-471) 2) [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, such a method for detecting the amount of contamination requires special equipment such as a bypass path as the detection equipment, and it is difficult to detect the amount of contamination. - Filters must be replaced after every cleaning cycle. In addition, in order to maintain measurement reproducibility, it is necessary to strictly control filter variations, and
It is only possible to deal with specific pollutants, but it is not possible to directly grasp the overall amount of pollution from the gas turbine itself.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention utilizes the measurement means for operation management normally provided in gas turbine power generation equipment as is.
By providing a highly reproducible and highly accurate contamination detection device, and by organically combining the detection device with a cleaning means for removing contamination, an extremely efficient air compressor can be created. This invention was made based on the knowledge that it is possible to provide a cleaning device for the inside of a gas turbine.

In general, the compression ratio of an air compressor is determined by various factors, but the value of the change caused by the course of operation corresponds to the amount of contamination inside the compressor with relatively good reproducibility, and the value of the change caused by the course of operation of the gas turbine The amount of contamination is almost proportional to the amount of internal contamination of air pressure ms, and these are calculated from the amount of heat that should be generated in the combustor under ideal combustion conditions (conversion of amount of input fuel into amount of heat) and the amount of power generated at that time. It was found that this corresponds to the amount of change in thermal efficiency with relatively good reproducibility. It has also been found that the progress of internal contamination of the gas turbine causes an increase in the gas turbine exhaust temperature.

Cleaning of gas turbine power generation equipment is usually done by: 1) Spraying a cleaning liquid in a mist form from the air suction side of an air compressor that is cranked at 1,000 rpm or lower, and dispersing the sprayed cleaning liquid mist with a low-speed air stream. , a method of cleaning the gas turbine by flowing it through the air compressor and combustor is often used. In this way, the detection part of the contamination detection device used to determine when to start cleaning when cleaning the air compressor and gas turbine internally can detect either the amount of change in the compression ratio or the amount of change in thermal efficiency described above. It is sufficient to use either. However, although it is possible to obtain practically satisfactory results by using these changes as an index of the amount of internal contamination in a gas turbine power generation system, the type of fuel,
Depending on operating conditions, environment, etc., either the air compressor or the gas turbine increases the rate of increase in the amount of pollution. In order to obtain accuracy and reproducibility, it is preferable to calculate the amount of contamination by integrating the amount of change in both the compression ratio and the heat consumption rate.

Therefore, the gist of the air compressor for a gas turbine power generator and the contamination detection device inside the gas turbine, which is the first invention based on this knowledge, is that the contamination detection device is calculated from the air suction side and discharge side of the air compressor. a compression ratio change detection unit that compares the compression ratio value with its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio;
A thermal efficiency change detection unit that compares the value of thermal efficiency calculated from the amount of heat to be generated and the amount of power generated converted from the amount of fuel supplied to the combustor with its normal value, and detects the amount of change in thermal efficiency; and a contamination amount calculation section that calculates the amount of contamination by inputting the output signal of.

In addition to the compression ratio and thermal efficiency which are mainly explained as the pollution amount detection device of the present invention, it is also possible to use the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor or the change in the exhaust gas temperature of the gas turbine.

Further, the second aspect of the present invention is an air compressor for a gas turbine power generation device and a cleaning device for the inside of the gas turbine, which is equipped with the pollution detection device of the first invention, and is capable of calculating the amount of contamination of the pollution detection device. It is characterized by having a cleaning level setting section for setting a plurality of cleaning levels corresponding to the cleaning level, and a cleaning liquid control section for controlling the cleaning liquid sprayed to the air suction side of the air compressor based on the setting value of the setting section. be.

[Examples and effects]

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example of a contamination detection device inside an air compressor and gas turbine of the present invention, and a cleaning device using the same.

The gas turbine power generation device is composed of a turbo-type air compressor 1, a combustor 2, a gas turbine 3, and a power generation m4 as main parts, and except for the combustor 2, the rotating shafts are connected to each other.

The suction side of the air compressor 1 communicates with the air suction chamber 5,
A filter 6 is provided in the air introduction passage of the air suction chamber 5. The discharge side of the air compressor a1 is connected to the combustor 2, and compressed air is discharged to the combustor 2. The combustor 2 is provided with a fuel introduction part 8 for injecting fuel from a fuel pipe 7 and a gas turbine inlet part 9 for guiding combustion gas to the gas turbine 3.

Further, a gas discharge side of the gas turbine 3 is communicated with an exhaust chamber 10.

Pressure transmitters 1) and 12 and temperature transmitters 13 and 14 are provided on the suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor 1, and the output signals of these transmitters are input to the compression ratio calculation section 15. In the compression ratio calculating section 15, the output signals of the pressure transmitters 1) and 12 are subtracted and a signal proportional to the compression ratio is output. The temperature transmitters 13 and 14 are used to perform temperature correction on the respective pressures on the suction side and the discharge side when calculating the compression ratio.

The output signal of the compression ratio calculation section 15 is input to the compression ratio change detection section 16, where it is compared with the normal value signal of the compression ratio from the normal value setting device 17, and a signal proportional to the amount of change in the compression ratio is output. . The normal value setting device 17 stores the output of the compression ratio calculation unit 15 as the normal value of the compression ratio when the air compressor a1 is operated immediately after installation, immediately after regular inspection, or immediately after thorough cleaning. Let me set it. Further, this normal value can also be set manually by calculation.

A fuel flow rate transmitter 18 is provided in the fuel pipe 7, and its output signal is input to a heat rate calculating section 19. On the other hand, the output of the generator 4 is measured by the wattmeter 20 and similarly input to the thermal efficiency calculation section 19.

Thermal efficiency is defined as [power generation (Kcal)/heat generation amount (Kcal) in the combustor] per unit time, but it is preferable to take an average value over a certain period of time in consideration of time delays and short-term fluctuations. In other words, the amount of heat generated is calculated by integrating the fuel flow rate for 15 minutes, for example, and converting it into calories.Similarly, the generator output at that time is also integrated for 15 minutes to calculate the amount of generated electricity, which is converted into calories, and the amount of heat generated is calculated. This is done by calculating the ratio. Therefore, the output of the thermal efficiency calculation unit 19 in this case is the average value for the past 15 minutes.

The thermal efficiency calculated in this way is input from the thermal efficiency calculation section 19 to the thermal efficiency change detection section 21, where it is compared with the normal value signal of thermal efficiency from the normal value setting device 22, and a signal proportional to the amount of change in thermal efficiency is output. be done. The thermal efficiency normal value setter 22 stores and sets the output of the thermal efficiency calculation section 19 during operation immediately after installation as the normal value of thermal efficiency, similar to the compression ratio normal value setter 17 described above.

The output signals of the compression ratio change detection section 16 and the thermal efficiency change detection section 21 are input to the contamination amount calculation section 23, where the two signals are added together and outputted to the display section 24 as a contamination amount signal.

This is because, as mentioned above, the amount of contamination in the air compressor 1 and the amount of contamination in the gas turbine 3 usually increase with the same trend over time, but when the rate of increase in either one becomes large depending on the operating conditions, It is desirable to obtain a contamination amount signal that incorporates this, and it is also desirable to improve accuracy by removing as much as possible the influence of fluctuation factors that affect the compression ratio and thermal efficiency. The amounts are added together and the influence of each is averaged.

Figure 2 shows an example of the trends of the compression ratio change ΔP and the thermal efficiency change Δη with respect to the operating time t. Δη is calculated for ΔP+ on the pollution amount calculation line.

K and 2 are constants that predetermine the overall influence of the compression ratio change corresponding to the pollution amount of the air compressor and the thermal efficiency change corresponding to the gas turbine pollution amount, for example, 0. It can be determined empirically in any range from .1 to 10.

The output of the contamination amount calculating section 23 is input to the display section 24, where the amount of contamination is indicated or recorded, and is also input to the cleaning level setting section 25. In the cleaning level setting section 25, the output of the contamination amount calculation section 23 is set to three contamination stage setting devices 26a, 26b, and 26c in this example.
, and S3, and when it exceeds the set value, a cleaning level set value signal corresponding to that value is output. Figure 2 shows the contamination amount calculator output and contamination stage setting values S r , S
The relationship between z and S3 is shown. The number of contamination stage setters is not limited to three, but any number can be used, and a cleaning level set value signal corresponding to the number of setters can be obtained.

The output of the cleaning level setting section 25 is input to the cleaning liquid control section 27. The cleaning liquid control unit 27 controls the cleaning liquid sprayed onto the suction side of the air compressor 1, and automatically selects a control method corresponding to the input cleaning level setting value. For example, when the contamination stage set value is set to 3 stages, St, St, and S3, A. If the contamination stage is S, or higher and less than 82, then the cleaning level set value is... with a cleaning solution of only water □ Wash.

B. In the case of cleaning level set value when the contamination stage is 82 or more and less than 33...Clean with a cleaning liquid containing detergent, and then wash (rinse) with a cleaning liquid containing only water.

In the case of the cleaning level set value when the C0 contamination stage is 83 or more...The same cleaning process as in case B above is performed, but the cleaning time is made longer.

Three different control methods can be selected. Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate various control methods such as multi-stage setting and changing the flow rate and injection pressure of the cleaning liquid.

When the contamination stage reaches S or higher, it may not be possible to immediately stop power generation and operate the cleaning device. For example, there may be cases where it is not possible to disconnect the load immediately, or cases where it is economically better to wait until the amount of contamination increases and clean it at another stage. Furthermore, even if power generation is stopped immediately, a certain amount of time is required until the fuel is cut off, the gas turbine is temporarily stopped, and then crank operation is started at low speed using a starter motor or the like until cleaning conditions are established. Therefore, a cleaning start signal 28 can be input to the cleaning liquid control section 27, and this signal 28
It is possible to perform an interlock so that the cleaning command is not issued from the cleaning liquid control section 27 until after the input of the cleaning command. This cleaning start command can be formed by organically selectively combining a generator stop completion signal from the generator control circuit 29, a gas turbine crank operation signal, or a signal from a manual cleaning stop release switch. The output of the cleaning level setting unit 25 can be coupled to the generator control circuit 29 by a connecting line 30 in order to inform the generator control circuit 29 of the contamination stage and make a shutdown decision.

The cleaning liquid containing detergent enters the collecting pipe 33 from the tank 31 through the piping 32, and is sprayed into the air suction chamber 5 from a large number of washing nozzles 34 provided in the collecting pipe 33. Provided in the pipe 32 are a filter 35, a pump 36, a pressure regulating valve 37, a flow regulating valve 38, a flow transmitter 39, and a check valve 40. Note that the pressure regulating valve 37 is a pressure regulator 41,
The flow rate regulating valve 38 is controlled by a flow rate regulator 42.

On the other hand, a cleaning liquid (usually water) that does not contain detergent flows from a tank 43 through a pipe 44 to join the pipe 32. Piping 44
45 provided therein is a filter, 46 is a pump, 47 is a pressure control valve, 48 is a flow rate control valve, 49 is a flow rate transmitter, 5
0 is a check valve, 51 is a pressure regulator, and 52 is a flow regulator.

Pumps 36, 46 in these cleaning circuits. Pressure control valve 37.47. The flow rate control valves 38 and 48 are connected to the cleaning liquid control section 27.
controlled by

Drain pipes 53, 54.
55 and 56 are attached, and on-off valves 57, 58, 59 and 60 are provided in each drain pipe, and these on-off valves are controlled by the cleaning liquid control section 27. 61 is a tank for drainage.

In the example shown in FIG.
9. Although the thermal efficiency change detection section 21, the normal value setting device 22, etc. are shown in block form as separate units, it is clear that the present invention is not limited to this and that they can be unitized in any combination. Further, all calculation mechanisms including these and the contamination amount calculation section 23 can be performed by a computer. In order to quickly respond to various changes in conditions, the calculations and controls of the cleaning level setting section 25 and the cleaning liquid control section 27 are preferably computerized and handled by changing programs rather than being constructed using hardware.

Next, the operation of the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1 will be explained with reference to the operation time chart shown in FIG. 3.

If the contamination inside the air compressor 1 and the gas turbine 3 progresses and the output of the contamination amount calculation unit 23 increases, for example, if the contamination level value exceeds 82, the output of the cleaning level setting unit 25 will change accordingly. Outputs cleaning level signal. This output is input to the cleaning liquid control section 27, and is also transmitted to the power generation device control circuit 29, where it is used to determine whether to stop power generation. When power generation is stopped and cleaning becomes possible, the cleaning start signal 28 is activated.
is input to the cleaning liquid control section 27. Accordingly, the cleaning liquid control section 27 starts the pump 36 and sends a signal to the pressure regulator 41 and the flow rate regulator 42 to maintain the pressure and flow rate of the cleaning liquid at predetermined values. As a result, the cleaning liquid containing the detergent is sprayed into the air suction chamber 5, and the cleaning liquid mist is carried from the suction side of the air compressor 1 to the discharge side by riding on the air flow sucked in by the crank operation of the air compressor 1. At this time, the cleaning liquid mist adheres to the moving blades, stationary blades, and air passages and flows down to wash away contaminants. Next, the remainder of the cleaning mist passes through the combustor 2 and enters the gas turbine 3, where it is spent cleaning its rotor blades and the like, and finally is discharged into the exhaust chamber 10. The cleaning liquid that has flowed down to the bottom of each device is discharged to the tank 61 through drain valves 57 to 60 that are opened at the same time as cleaning starts.

After a certain period of time has elapsed, the pump 36 is stopped to finish spraying the detergent-containing cleaning liquid, and then the pump 46 is started to supply cleaning water that does not contain a cleaning agent into the air suction chamber 5 in the same manner as in the above-mentioned cleaning circuit. Spray and rinse. After rinsing for a certain period of time, the pump 46 is stopped, and then the drainage on-off valve 5 is turned off.
Close 7-60.

When the predetermined cleaning operation is completed, a power generation start command is issued manually or automatically, and power generation is restarted.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The contamination detection device of the present invention utilizes signals from the suction side and discharge side pressure gauges and thermometers of the air compressor provided for managing the gas turbine power generator, the generator output signal, the fuel consumption signal, etc. It is characterized by detecting the amount of change in the compression ratio and thermal efficiency of the air compressor from these and calculating the amount of internal contamination of the air compressor and gas turbine by integrating them, so it is different from conventional equipment. There is no need to provide special detection equipment for the system, and there is no need to update the detection equipment for each cleaning cycle, so the degree of contamination after cleaning, that is, the cleaning effect, can be confirmed immediately after restarting. Furthermore, it has high accuracy and reproducibility, and by using it as a highly reliable indicator of when to start cleaning, it is possible to always control the performance of the gas turbine power generator to the target level.

In addition, the cleaning device of the present invention is highly reliable because it divides the contamination amount signal from such a contamination detection device into multiple contamination stages, sets the cleaning level based on the contamination level, and controls the cleaning liquid. A detailed cleaning method can be performed automatically, and the power generation stop time required for cleaning can be shortened to the minimum necessary, contributing to improving plant operating efficiency and reducing costs.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram for explaining an example of the air compressor and gas turbine internal contamination detection device and cleaning device using the same according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows the amount of change in compression ratio ΔP with respect to operating time t, A diagram showing an example of the trend of the thermal efficiency change amount Δη,
FIG. 3 is an operation time chart of the cleaning device shown in FIG. 1. 1... Air compressor 2... Combustor 3... Gas turbine 4... Generator 5... Air suction chamber
6...Filter 7...Fuel piping 8...Fuel introduction section 9...Gas turbine inlet section 10...Gas turbine exhaust chamber 1). 12...Pressure transmitter 13.14...Temperature transmitter 13a...Gas turbine inlet temperature transmitter 14a.
...Gas turbine exhaust temperature transmitter 15...Compression ratio calculation section 16...Compression ratio change detection section 17.22...Normal value setter 18...Flow rate transmitter 19...Thermal efficiency calculation section 2
0... Wattmeter 21... Thermal efficiency change detection section 23... Contamination amount calculation section 24... Display section 25...
・Cleaning level setting units 26a, 26b, 26c...Contamination stage setting device 27・
...Cleaning liquid control unit 28...Cleaning start signal 29...
- Generator control circuit 30... Connection line 31.43... Tank 3
2, 44...Piping 33...Collecting pipe 34...
・Cleaning nozzle 35.45...Filter 36.4
6...Pump 37.47...Pressure control valve 38
．． 48...Flow rate control valve 39.49...Flow rate transmitter 40.50...Check valve 41.51...Pressure regulator 42.52...Flow rate regulator 53, 54.55, 56 ...Drain pipe 57, 5B,
59.60...Opening/closing valve 61...Tank

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In the contamination detection device inside the air compressor (1) and gas turbine (3) of the gas turbine power generation device, the pressure is calculated based on the air suction side and discharge side pressure of the air compressor (1). A compression ratio change detection unit (16) that compares the compression ratio or the value of the adiabatic efficiency (hereinafter referred to as compression ratio) calculated based on this compression ratio with its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio.
) and the thermal efficiency or heat consumption rate of the gas turbine, which is calculated based on the amount of heat converted from the amount of fuel supplied to the combustor (2) and the amount of power generated by the generator (4) at that time. A thermal efficiency change detection unit (21) that compares the values and detects the amount of change in these (hereinafter referred to as thermal efficiency), and inputs output signals from these detection units (16, 21) to detect contamination of the air compressor and gas turbine. Contamination amount calculation unit (23
) A device for detecting contamination inside an air compressor and a gas turbine. (2) In the cleaning device inside the air compressor (1) and gas turbine (3) of the gas turbine power generation device, the compression is calculated based on the pressure on the air suction side and the discharge side of the air compressor (1). A compression ratio change detection section (16) that compares the ratio value with its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio, and a thermal efficiency detection section (16) that compares the ratio value with its normal value and detects the amount of change in the compression ratio. A thermal efficiency change detection unit (21) that compares the value with its normal value and detects the amount of change in thermal efficiency, and these detection units (16, 21).
) is provided with a contamination detection device having a contamination amount calculation unit (23) that calculates the contamination amount by inputting an output signal from the contamination detection device, and sets a plurality of cleaning levels corresponding to the contamination amount calculation value of the contamination detection device. Cleaning level setting section (25) and the setting section (25)
1. A cleaning device for the inside of an air compressor and a gas turbine, characterized in that it has a cleaning liquid control section (27) that controls the cleaning liquid sprayed to the air suction side of the air compressor (1) according to a set value of (1).