JPH0582572B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0582572B2 JPH0582572B2 JP59225579A JP22557984A JPH0582572B2 JP H0582572 B2 JPH0582572 B2 JP H0582572B2 JP 59225579 A JP59225579 A JP 59225579A JP 22557984 A JP22557984 A JP 22557984A JP H0582572 B2 JPH0582572 B2 JP H0582572B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- charge generation
- charge
- ddp
- surface protective
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N squaric acid Chemical class OC1=C(O)C(=O)C1=O PWEBUXCTKOWPCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical compound [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0609—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen
- G03G5/0611—Squaric acid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0601—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0618—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は電子写真用感光体に関する。
〔従来技術〕
従来、積層型有機感光体の構成として電荷発生
層を電荷輸送層の下層として積層する形態が数多
く見られる。現在、一般に見い出されている電荷
輸送層は正孔輸送性のものが殆んどであるため、
このような構成の感光体は負帯電で用いることが
必要である。このため、従つて負帯電による高濃
度のオゾン発生、コントロンの帯電ムラ等、感光
体にインパクトを与える種々の欠点を有してい
た。この欠点を解消するため、電荷発生層を電荷
輸送層の上層として積層し、正帯電で使用し、更
に機械強度、変質等の改善をはかるため、最上層
として低抵抗表面保護層を積層した構成が試みら
れた。しかしこのような構成の感光体は、充分な
帯電性が得られず、低いコントラスト・ポテンシ
ヤルしか得られない、あるいは帯電性が充分の場
合でも、光減衰が十分でなく残留電位が高い、温
湿度の変化により帯電々位、残留電位が変動して
しまう、繰り返し使用時の帯電々位、残留電位が
変化してしまう、表面保護層をつける前に比べて
感度低下が大きい、など種々の欠点を有してい
た。
〔発明の目的〕
本発明の目的はこの様な欠点のない電子写真用
感光体、すなわち、帯電電位の低下、高残留電
位、温湿度の影響、感度低下を防止し、繰り返し
使用時の帯電々位、残留電位の安定した電子写真
用感光体を提供することである。
〔発明の構成〕
本発明の目的は、電荷発生層の材料として特定
のスクエアリン酸誘導体を用いることにより達成
きる。更に本発明の目的は特定のスクエアリン酸
誘導体を用いた電荷発生層上に、特定の導電性金
属酸化物の微細粒子を絶縁性樹脂中に分散させて
成る低抵抗表面保護層を設けることにより達成で
きる。
本発明は、導電性支持体上に電荷輸送層、電荷
発生層、低抵抗表面保護層が順次積層され、電荷
発生層中に下記構造式（）
[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor. [Prior Art] Conventionally, there have been many configurations of laminated organic photoreceptors in which a charge generation layer is laminated as a lower layer of a charge transport layer. Currently, most of the charge transport layers commonly found have hole transport properties, so
It is necessary to use a photoreceptor having such a configuration with a negative charge. For this reason, they have various drawbacks that impact the photoreceptor, such as generation of high concentration ozone due to negative charging and uneven charging of Kontron. In order to eliminate this drawback, a charge generation layer is laminated as an upper layer of a charge transport layer and used for positive charging, and in order to further improve mechanical strength, deterioration, etc., a low resistance surface protection layer is laminated as the top layer. was attempted. However, photoreceptors with such a configuration do not have sufficient chargeability, resulting in only a low contrast potential, or even if they have sufficient chargeability, light attenuation is insufficient and the residual potential is high, or the temperature and humidity are high. There are various disadvantages such as the charge level and residual potential fluctuate due to changes in the charge level and residual potential, the charge level and residual potential change during repeated use, and the sensitivity decreases significantly compared to before applying the surface protective layer. had. [Object of the Invention] The object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not have such drawbacks, that is, to prevent a decrease in charging potential, a high residual potential, the influence of temperature and humidity, and a decrease in sensitivity, and to reduce charging during repeated use. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor having stable residual potential. [Structure of the Invention] The object of the present invention can be achieved by using a specific squaric acid derivative as a material for the charge generation layer. A further object of the present invention is to provide a low-resistance surface protective layer made of fine particles of a specific conductive metal oxide dispersed in an insulating resin on a charge generation layer using a specific squaric acid derivative. It can be achieved. In the present invention, a charge transport layer, a charge generation layer, and a low resistance surface protective layer are sequentially laminated on a conductive support, and the charge generation layer has the following structural formula ().
本発明の実施例を以下に示す。
実施例 １
アルミニウムの基板上に、下記材料系より成る
電荷輸送層、電荷発生層、表面保護層を順次積層
して感光体を作製した。
電荷輸送層（20μ）ポリエステル樹脂（東洋紡：
バイロン200） 50重量部
２，５−ビス（Ｐ−ジエチルアミノフエニル）−
１，３，４−オキサジアゾール 50重量部
電荷発生層（1μ）スクアエリン酸誘導体（構成
式（）） 30重量部
ポリイソブチルメタクリレート（デユポン：エル
バサイト2045） 70重量部
表面保護層酸化スズ粉末 45重量部
ポリウレタン樹脂 55重量部
この感光体を20℃、50％RHの環境下に於て市
販の静電複写試験装置（川口電機製：エレクトロ
スタテイツク ペーパー アナライザーSP−
428）を用いて、＋6kVのコロナ放電を行なつて正
帯電させ、１秒間暗所放置した後の表面電位を測
定すると、1000Vを示した。その直後５ルツクス
のタングステン光を３秒間照射してVDDPが半減す
るのに要する光量Ｅ1/2を求めた。更にこの後、
200ルツクスの光を0.5秒間照射して表面電位をさ
らに減衰させ、その時の表面電位を残留電位：
RPとして求めた。
この測定を連続して1000回行ない、１サイクル
目と1000サイクル目のVDDP、RPの差をΔVDDP(C)、
ΔRP(C)として、サイクル安定法を表わした。
又同様の測定を10℃、20％RHの環境下と30
℃、80％RHの環境下にて行ない、１サイクル目
と1000サイクル目のVDDP、RPの差をΔVDDP(E)、
ΔRP(E)として、環境安全性を表わした。
本実施例中の各測定値を以下に示す。
VDDP：1000V
Ｅ1/2：1.8ルツクス・秒
RP：60V
ΔVDDP(C)：70V ΔRP(C)：30V
ΔVDDP(E)：50V ΔRP(E)：20V
即ち、十分な帯電性と感度、及びすぐれたサイ
クル安定性、環境安全性を有しているといえる。
比較例 １
実施例１における電荷発生層のスクエアリン酸
誘導体の代わりにβ型銅フタロシアニンを用いた
以外は実施例１と同様に感光体を作製し、同様の
測定を行なつたところ下記の値を示した。
VDDP：650V
E1/2：7.0ルツクス・秒
RP：80V
ΔVDDP(C)：200V ΔRP(C)：30V
ΔVDDP(E)：200V ΔRP(E)：40V
帯電性が低く、かつサイクル、環境の両安定性
に問題があることを示している。
実施例 ２〜６
実施例１における電荷輸送層及び電荷発生層の
結合剤を下記の組合せのものに変化させ実施例１
と同様にして感光体を作製し、測定を行なつた
が、いずれも十分な帯電性と感度、及びすぐれた
サイクル、環境安定性を示した。
Examples of the present invention are shown below. Example 1 A photoreceptor was prepared by sequentially laminating a charge transport layer, a charge generation layer, and a surface protection layer made of the following materials on an aluminum substrate. Charge transport layer (20μ) polyester resin (Toyobo:
Byron 200) 50 parts by weight 2,5-bis(P-diethylaminophenyl)-
1,3,4-oxadiazole 50 parts by weight Charge generation layer (1μ) Squaric acid derivative (constituent formula ()) 30 parts by weight Polyisobutyl methacrylate (DuPont: Elvacite 2045) 70 parts by weight Surface protective layer Tin oxide powder 45 Part by weight Polyurethane resin 55 parts by weight This photoreceptor was tested in an environment of 20°C and 50% RH using a commercially available electrostatic copying tester (manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric: Electrostatic Paper Analyzer SP-).
428), a +6 kV corona discharge was performed to positively charge the surface, and the surface potential was measured after being left in a dark place for 1 second, and it was found to be 1000 V. Immediately thereafter, tungsten light of 5 lux was irradiated for 3 seconds to determine the amount of light E1/2 required to reduce V DDP by half. Furthermore, after this,
The surface potential is further attenuated by irradiation with 200 lux light for 0.5 seconds, and the surface potential at that time is the residual potential:
Obtained as RP. Repeat this measurement 1000 times and calculate the difference between V DDP and RP between the 1st cycle and the 1000th cycle as ΔV DDP (C).
The cycle stability method was expressed as ΔRP(C). In addition, similar measurements were carried out under an environment of 10℃ and 20%RH.
The difference between V DDP and RP between the 1st cycle and 1000th cycle is calculated as ΔV DDP (E).
Environmental safety was expressed as ΔRP(E). Each measured value in this example is shown below. V DDP : 1000V E1/2: 1.8 Lux・sec RP: 60V ΔV DDP (C): 70V ΔRP(C): 30V ΔV DDP (E): 50V ΔRP(E): 20V In other words, sufficient chargeability and sensitivity, It can be said that it has excellent cycle stability and environmental safety. Comparative Example 1 A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that β-type copper phthalocyanine was used instead of the squaric acid derivative in the charge generation layer in Example 1, and the same measurements were performed, and the following values were obtained. showed that. V DDP : 650V E 1/2 : 7.0 Lux・sec RP: 80V ΔV DDP (C): 200V ΔRP(C): 30V ΔV DDP (E): 200V ΔRP(E): 40V Low chargeability and cycle This indicates that there is a problem with the bi-stability of the environment. Examples 2 to 6 Example 1 was prepared by changing the binder of the charge transport layer and charge generation layer in Example 1 to the following combinations.
Photoreceptors were prepared and measured in the same manner as described above, and all showed sufficient chargeability and sensitivity, as well as excellent cycle and environmental stability.
【表】【table】
【表】
実施例 ７
実施例１における表面保護層を酸化チタン／ポ
リウレタン樹脂40／60重量部に変更した以外は実
施例１と同様に感光体を作製し測定した。実施例
１の感光体と同様の安定した特性を示した。
VDDP：950V
Ｅ1/2：1.3ルツクス・秒
RP：50V
ΔVDDP(C)：80V ΔRP(C)；20V
ΔVDDP(E)：90V ΔRP(E)：30V
〔発明の効果〕
本発明によれば、すぐれた帯電性、感度、サイ
クル安定性ならびに環境安定性を有する電子写真
用感光体が得られる。[Table] Example 7 A photoreceptor was prepared and measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the surface protective layer in Example 1 was changed to 40/60 parts by weight of titanium oxide/polyurethane resin. It exhibited stable characteristics similar to those of the photoreceptor of Example 1. V DDP : 950V E1/2: 1.3 Lux・sec RP: 50V ΔV DDP (C): 80V ΔRP(C); 20V ΔV DDP (E): 90V ΔRP(E): 30V [Effects of the Invention] According to the present invention Thus, an electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent charging properties, sensitivity, cycle stability, and environmental stability can be obtained.
第１図〜第４図はそれぞれ本発明の電子写真用
感光体の具体例の断面図である。
１０……低抵抗表面保護層、１１……電荷発生
層、１２……電荷輸送層、１３……導電性支持
体、１４……導電性金属酸化物、１５……電荷発
生材料、２０……接着層、３０……電荷注入阻止
補助層。
1 to 4 are sectional views of specific examples of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10... Low resistance surface protective layer, 11... Charge generation layer, 12... Charge transport layer, 13... Conductive support, 14... Conductive metal oxide, 15... Charge generation material, 20... Adhesive layer, 30...Charge injection blocking auxiliary layer.
Claims (1)
低抵抗表面保護層が順次積層され、電荷発生層中
に下記構造式（） 【化】 で表されるスクエアリン酸誘導体が分散されてい
ることを特徴とする電子写真用感光体。 ２ 低抵抗表面保護層が、絶縁性樹脂中に導電性
金属酸化物の微細粒子を分散した層から成り、該
導電性金属酸化物が、電気抵抗109Ω・cm以下、
平均粒径0.3μm以下の粒子であることを特徴とす
る特許請求の範囲第１項記載の電子写真用感光
体。[Claims] 1. A charge transport layer, a charge generation layer,
A photoreceptor for electrophotography, characterized in that low resistance surface protective layers are sequentially laminated, and a squaric acid derivative represented by the following structural formula () is dispersed in the charge generation layer. 2. The low-resistance surface protective layer consists of a layer in which fine particles of a conductive metal oxide are dispersed in an insulating resin, and the conductive metal oxide has an electrical resistance of 10 9 Ω·cm or less,
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles have an average particle diameter of 0.3 μm or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22557984A JPS61103155A (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1984-10-26 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22557984A JPS61103155A (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1984-10-26 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61103155A JPS61103155A (en) | 1986-05-21 |
| JPH0582572B2 true JPH0582572B2 (en) | 1993-11-19 |
Family
ID=16831517
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22557984A Granted JPS61103155A (en) | 1984-10-26 | 1984-10-26 | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61103155A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0656502B2 (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1994-07-27 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoconductor |
| JPS63113465A (en) * | 1986-10-30 | 1988-05-18 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60130557A (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-12 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Novel squarium compound and its preparation |
-
1984
- 1984-10-26 JP JP22557984A patent/JPS61103155A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60130557A (en) * | 1983-12-16 | 1985-07-12 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Novel squarium compound and its preparation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61103155A (en) | 1986-05-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3640708A (en) | Barrier layers for electrophotographic elements containing a blend of cellulose nitrate with a tetrapolymer having vinylidene chloride as the major constituent | |
| JPH0582572B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0727264B2 (en) | Multilayer photoconductor | |
| JPS63159865A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPS61103156A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPH0548911B2 (en) | ||
| JPS62280864A (en) | Organic photosensitive body for electrophotography | |
| US4218529A (en) | Electrophotographic photosensitive material having a quinocyanine pigment photoconductor | |
| JPH01179163A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPH06118668A (en) | Photosensitive body | |
| JPH0727263B2 (en) | Multilayer photoconductor | |
| JPH056179B2 (en) | ||
| JPS61103153A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JPS6336254A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| JP2568681B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and resin composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JP3267710B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JPH0727265B2 (en) | Multilayer photoconductor | |
| JP2575690B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JPH05119491A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive material | |
| JPH024271A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive body | |
| Weigl et al. | Phthalocyanine-binder photoreceptors for xerography | |
| JPS6333748A (en) | Electrophotographic sensitive material | |
| EP0046960A2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
| JP2568679B2 (en) | Electrophotographic photoreceptor and resin composition for electrophotographic photoreceptor | |
| JPH0466504B2 (en) |