JPH0574606A - Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage - Google Patents

Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage

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Publication number
JPH0574606A
JPH0574606A JP3232811A JP23281191A JPH0574606A JP H0574606 A JPH0574606 A JP H0574606A JP 3232811 A JP3232811 A JP 3232811A JP 23281191 A JP23281191 A JP 23281191A JP H0574606 A JPH0574606 A JP H0574606A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
mol
oxide
zinc oxide
voltage
varistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3232811A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Naoki Muto
直樹 武藤
Kazushige Koyama
一茂 小山
Masaaki Katsumata
雅昭 勝又
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority to JP3232811A priority Critical patent/JPH0574606A/en
Publication of JPH0574606A publication Critical patent/JPH0574606A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize excellent voltage nonlinearity and load-life characteristic in a zinc oxide varistor which is used in various electric apparatuses whose circuit voltage is lower than or equal to 100 V. CONSTITUTION:The main component of raw material powder is zinc oxide, to which the following are added as subcomponents; Bi2O3 of 0.1-2.0mol%, Co2O3 of 0.1-1.0mol%, MnO2 of 0.1-0.2mol%, Sb2O3 of 0.01-0.50mol%, Cr2O3 of 0.01-0.50mol%, NiO of 0.1-2.0mol%, Al2O3 of 0.001-0.010mol%, TiO2 of 0.1-3.0mol%, and Y2O3 of 0.01-0.50mol%. The raw material is mixed, granulated, molded, and baked. Thereby a zinc oxide varistor excellent in voltage nonlinearity and load-life characteristic can be obtained.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、回路電圧が100V以
下の回路に用いられる電圧非直線性および負荷寿命が優
れた低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタに関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a low voltage zinc oxide varistor having excellent voltage non-linearity and load life used in a circuit having a circuit voltage of 100 V or less.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】近年、各種酸化亜鉛バリスタの開発には
めざましいものがあり、中でも酸化ビスマスを含有した
酸化亜鉛系の酸化亜鉛バリスタはその優れた電圧非直線
性およびサージ吸収性が認められ、雷サージや異常電圧
に対する防護用酸化亜鉛バリスタとして広く用いられて
いる。このような酸化亜鉛バリスタは、実用上通常の電
圧状態においては漏れ電流が少なく、異常電圧や雷サー
ジの吸収能力が大きく、その後の電気特性の変化がきわ
めて少ないことが要求されている。従来このような要求
に応える技術として特公昭62−282416号公報に
開示されたものがある。上記公報に開示された技術は、
酸化亜鉛に酸化ビスマス,酸化コバルト,酸化マンガ
ン,酸化アンチモンならびに酸化イットリウム,酸化エ
ルビウムおよび酸化ホルミウムのうち少なくとも1種を
添加含有することにより、電圧非直線性に優れ、かつサ
ージ電流に対して安定な特性を示す主として回路電圧が
100V以上の回路に用いる酸化亜鉛バリスタに関する
ものである。
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, various zinc oxide varistors have been remarkably developed. Among them, zinc oxide varistor containing zinc oxide based on bismuth oxide has been recognized for its excellent voltage non-linearity and surge absorption, and Widely used as a zinc oxide varistor for protection against surges and abnormal voltages. Such a zinc oxide varistor is required to have a small leakage current in a practically normal voltage state, a large ability to absorb an abnormal voltage or a lightning surge, and an extremely small change in electrical characteristics thereafter. Conventionally, there is a technique disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-228416 as a technique to meet such a demand. The technology disclosed in the above publication is
Addition of at least one of bismuth oxide, cobalt oxide, manganese oxide, antimony oxide and yttrium oxide, erbium oxide and holmium oxide to zinc oxide makes it excellent in voltage non-linearity and stable against surge current. The present invention mainly relates to a zinc oxide varistor having characteristics and used in a circuit having a circuit voltage of 100 V or more.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら上記の従
来の酸化亜鉛バリスタでは自動車用などの回路電圧が1
00V以下の低電圧回路には、バリスタ電圧が高すぎる
ため、低電圧回路用として適さないという問題点を有し
ていた。
However, the above-mentioned conventional zinc oxide varistor has a circuit voltage of 1 for automobiles and the like.
The low voltage circuit of 00V or less has a problem that it is not suitable for a low voltage circuit because the varistor voltage is too high.

【0004】本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決するもの
で、主に100V以下の低電圧回路用の優れた電圧非直
線性と負荷寿命特性を有する低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタ
を提供することを目的とする。
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and provides a low voltage zinc oxide varistor having excellent voltage non-linearity and load life characteristics mainly for a low voltage circuit of 100 V or less. To aim.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明の低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタは、主成分の酸化
亜鉛に対して、酸化ビスマス(Bi23)0.1〜2.
0モル%,酸化コバルト(Co23)0.1〜1.0モ
ル%,酸化マンガン(MnO2)0.1〜2.0モル
%,酸化アンチモン(Sb23)0.01〜0.50モ
ル%,酸化クロム(Cr23)0.01〜0.50モル
%,酸化ニッケル(NiO)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸
化アルミニウム(Al23)0.001〜0.010モ
ル%,酸化チタン(TiO2)0.1〜3.0モル%お
よび酸化イットリウム(Y23)0.01〜0.50モ
ル%を添加含有させた組成の構成としたものである。
In order to achieve the above object, the zinc oxide varistor for low voltage according to the present invention contains bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) 0.1-2.
0 mol%, cobalt oxide (Co 2 O 3 ) 0.1 to 1.0 mol%, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, nickel oxide (NiO) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) 0.001 .About.0.010 mol%, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) 0.1 to 3.0 mol%, and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol% were added and contained. It is a thing.

【0006】[0006]

【作用】この構成により、焼結体中の酸化亜鉛粒子の均
一性を向上させることとなり、異常に粒成長した酸化亜
鉛粒子への電流の集中を防止することとなる。
With this structure, the uniformity of the zinc oxide particles in the sintered body is improved, and the concentration of current on the abnormally grown zinc oxide particles is prevented.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以下、本発明の一実施例について説明する。EXAMPLE An example of the present invention will be described below.

【0008】まず、主成分の酸化亜鉛(ZnO)ならび
に酸化ビスマス(Bi23),酸化コバルト(Co
23),酸化マンガン(MnO2),酸化アンチモン
(Sb23),酸化クロム(Cr23),酸化ニッケル
(NiO),酸化アルミニウム(Al23),酸化チタ
ン(TiO2)および酸化イットリウム(Y23)を
(表1),(表2)の酸化亜鉛に対する添加物(モル
%)の欄に試料番号1〜30で記載した添加量となるよ
うに、所定量を秤量し、ポットミルにて湿式混合し、脱
水後、バインダを加えて造粒した。得られた造粒粉末を
1000kg/cm2の成形圧力のもとで、直径13mm,厚
み1.3mmに成形し、1200℃で2時間焼成し焼結体
を得た。この焼結体の両面に、銀(Ag)を主成分とす
る電極を形成し、電極にリード線を半田付けし、エポキ
シ樹脂で被覆して酸化亜鉛バリスタを作成した。(表
3),(表4)に、このようにして得られた試料番号別
の酸化亜鉛バリスタのバリスタ電圧(V1mA)、電圧比
(V1mA/V10μA)、制限電圧比および負荷寿命特
性の評価結果を示した。
First, zinc oxide (ZnO) as a main component, bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) and cobalt oxide (Co)
2 O 3 ), manganese oxide (MnO 2 ), antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3 ), chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), nickel oxide (NiO), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) And yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) in predetermined amounts so as to be the addition amounts described in sample numbers 1 to 30 in the columns of additives (mol%) with respect to zinc oxide in (Table 1) and (Table 2). Was weighed, wet-mixed in a pot mill, dehydrated, and added with a binder to granulate. The obtained granulated powder was molded under a molding pressure of 1000 kg / cm 2 to have a diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm and fired at 1200 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a sintered body. An electrode containing silver (Ag) as a main component was formed on both surfaces of this sintered body, a lead wire was soldered to the electrode, and the electrode was covered with an epoxy resin to form a zinc oxide varistor. (Table 3) and (Table 4) show the evaluation results of the varistor voltage (V1mA), voltage ratio (V1mA / V10μA), limiting voltage ratio and load life characteristics of the zinc oxide varistor thus obtained for each sample number. showed that.

【0009】[0009]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0010】[0010]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0011】[0011]

【表3】 [Table 3]

【0012】[0012]

【表4】 [Table 4]

【0013】試料番号に*印を付したものは、検討例で
あり、本発明の請求の範囲外のものである。V1mAとV
10μAは直流定電流電源にて測定し電圧非直線性を電
圧比で評価した。制限電圧比は、8/20μSec,10
Aのインパルス電流にて測定し、V10A/V1mAの比
で評価した。低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタの負荷寿命特性
は、125℃の恒温槽中でバリスタ電圧の90%の直流
電圧を500時間印可し、バリスタ電圧の変化率(ΔV
1mA)を測定した。以下、上記実験結果に基づき、各添
加物の範囲を限定した理由を述べる。
Those marked with * in the sample number are considered examples and are outside the scope of the claims of the present invention. V1mA and V
10 μA was measured with a DC constant current power source and the voltage non-linearity was evaluated by the voltage ratio. Limiting voltage ratio is 8 / 20μSec, 10
The impulse current of A was measured, and the ratio was evaluated as V10A / V1mA. The load life characteristics of the zinc oxide varistor for low voltage is 90% of the varistor voltage applied in a constant temperature bath at 125 ° C for 500 hours, and the change rate of the varistor voltage (ΔV
1 mA) was measured. The reasons for limiting the range of each additive will be described below based on the above experimental results.

【0014】(表1)〜(表4)からわかるように、酸
化ビスマスは添加量が0.1モル%未満であると粒界層
を充分に形成できず、電圧比(α)が悪化した。また、
2.0モル%を超えると制限電圧比が悪化した。よっ
て、酸化ビスマスの添加量を0.1〜2.0モル%とし
た。酸化コバルトは添加量が0.1モル%未満であると
低電流域での電圧比(α)が悪化した。また、1.0モ
ル%を超えるとバリスタ電圧が上昇するとともに、制限
電圧比が悪化した。よって、酸化コバルトの添加量を
0.1〜1.0モル%とした。酸化マンガンは添加量が
0.5モル%未満であると酸化コバルト同様、低電流域
での電圧比(α)が悪化し、2.0モル%を超えると制
限電圧比が悪化した。よって、酸化マンガンの添加量を
0.5〜2.0モル%とした。酸化アンチモンは添加量
が0.01モル%未満の場合、焼結体中の酸化亜鉛粒子
の異常粒成長が発生し、負荷寿命特性が悪化した。ま
た、0.50モル%を超えるとバリスタ電圧が上昇し
た。よって、酸化アンチモンの添加量を0.01〜0.
50モル%とした。酸化クロムは添加量が0.01モル
%未満の場合、酸化アンチモンと同様、焼結体中の酸化
亜鉛粒子の異常粒成長が発生し、負荷寿命特性が悪化し
た。また、0.50モル%を超えると電圧比(α)が悪
化した。よって、酸化クロムの添加量を0.01〜0.
50モル%とした。酸化ニッケルは添加量が0.1モル
%未満の場合、電圧比(α)が悪化した。また、2.0
モル%を超えると制限電圧比が悪化した。よって、酸化
ニッケルの添加量を0.1〜2.0モル%とした。酸化
アルミニウムは添加量が0.001モル%未満の場合、
焼結体中の酸化亜鉛粒子の抵抗を充分低下させることが
できず、制限電圧比が悪化した。また、0.010モル
%を超えると電圧比(α)が悪化し、低電流領域での漏
れ電流が増加した。よって、酸化アルミニウムの添加量
を0.001〜0.010モル%とした。酸化チタンは
添加量が0.1モル%未満の場合、バリスタ電圧が10
0V以下にならなかった。また、3.0モル%を超える
と負荷寿命特性および制限電圧比が悪化した。よって、
酸化チタンの添加量を0.1〜3.0モル%とした。酸
化イットリウムは添加量が0.01モル%未満の場合、
焼結体中の異常に粒成長した酸化亜鉛粒子の均一化を充
分進めることができず、負荷寿命特性が悪化した。ま
た、0.50モル%を超えるとバリスタ電圧が上昇し、
目的とした低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタを得ることができ
なかった。よって、酸化イットリウムの添加量を0.0
1〜0.50モル%とした。
As can be seen from (Table 1) to (Table 4), if the amount of bismuth oxide added is less than 0.1 mol%, the grain boundary layer cannot be formed sufficiently and the voltage ratio (α) deteriorates. .. Also,
If it exceeds 2.0 mol%, the limiting voltage ratio deteriorates. Therefore, the addition amount of bismuth oxide is set to 0.1 to 2.0 mol%. When the amount of cobalt oxide added was less than 0.1 mol%, the voltage ratio (α) in the low current region deteriorated. If it exceeds 1.0 mol%, the varistor voltage rises and the limiting voltage ratio deteriorates. Therefore, the amount of cobalt oxide added is set to 0.1 to 1.0 mol%. When the amount of manganese oxide added was less than 0.5 mol%, the voltage ratio (α) in the low current range deteriorated, and when it exceeded 2.0 mol%, the limiting voltage ratio deteriorated, like cobalt oxide. Therefore, the addition amount of manganese oxide is set to 0.5 to 2.0 mol%. When the amount of antimony oxide added was less than 0.01 mol%, abnormal grain growth of zinc oxide particles in the sintered body occurred and the load life characteristics deteriorated. Further, when it exceeded 0.50 mol%, the varistor voltage increased. Therefore, the addition amount of antimony oxide is 0.01 to 0.
It was set to 50 mol%. When the amount of chromium oxide added was less than 0.01 mol%, similar to antimony oxide, abnormal grain growth of zinc oxide particles in the sintered body occurred, and the load life characteristics deteriorated. Further, when it exceeds 0.50 mol%, the voltage ratio (α) deteriorates. Therefore, the addition amount of chromium oxide is 0.01 to 0.
It was set to 50 mol%. When the amount of nickel oxide added was less than 0.1 mol%, the voltage ratio (α) deteriorated. Also, 2.0
If it exceeds mol%, the limiting voltage ratio deteriorates. Therefore, the addition amount of nickel oxide is set to 0.1 to 2.0 mol%. If the amount of aluminum oxide added is less than 0.001 mol%,
The resistance of the zinc oxide particles in the sintered body could not be sufficiently reduced, and the limiting voltage ratio deteriorated. Further, when it exceeds 0.010 mol%, the voltage ratio (α) deteriorates and the leakage current in the low current region increases. Therefore, the addition amount of aluminum oxide is set to 0.001 to 0.010 mol%. If the added amount of titanium oxide is less than 0.1 mol%, the varistor voltage is 10%.
It did not fall below 0V. Further, if it exceeds 3.0 mol%, the load life characteristics and the limiting voltage ratio deteriorate. Therefore,
The amount of titanium oxide added was 0.1 to 3.0 mol%. If the addition amount of yttrium oxide is less than 0.01 mol%,
The zinc oxide particles that had abnormally grown in the sintered body could not be sufficiently homogenized, and the load life characteristics deteriorated. Further, if it exceeds 0.50 mol%, the varistor voltage increases,
The intended low-voltage zinc oxide varistor could not be obtained. Therefore, the amount of yttrium oxide added should be 0.0
It was set to 1 to 0.50 mol%.

【0015】以上の結果より、優れた電圧非直線性と負
荷寿命特性とを有する低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタの組成
範囲は、主成分である酸化亜鉛に対し、副成分とし酸化
ビスマス(Bi23)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化コバ
ルト(Co23)0.1〜1.0モル%,酸化マンガン
(MnO2)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アンチモン
(Sb23)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化クロム
(Cr23)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化ニッケル
(NiO)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アルミニウム
(Al23)0.001〜0.010モル%,酸化チタ
ン(TiO2)0.1〜3.0モル%および酸化イット
リウム(Y23)0.01〜0.50モル%が最適であ
ることがわかる。
From the above results, the composition range of the zinc oxide varistor for low voltage having excellent voltage non-linearity and load life characteristics is such that bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 2) as a sub-component is added to zinc oxide as the main component. 3 ) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, cobalt oxide (Co 2 O 3 ) 0.1 to 1.0 mol%, manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, antimony oxide (Sb) 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, nickel oxide (NiO) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, aluminum oxide ( Al 2 O 3 ) 0.001 to 0.010 mol%, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) 0.1 to 3.0 mol% and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol% are optimal. It can be seen that it is.

【0016】以上のように本実施例の酸化亜鉛バリスタ
は、100V以下のバリスタ電圧で優れた電圧非直線性
と負荷寿命特性とを有するもので、本実施例の酸化亜鉛
バリスタは自動車用バリスタなどの高温度中の低電圧回
路で使用される低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタとしての用途
に特に好適である。
As described above, the zinc oxide varistor of this embodiment has excellent voltage nonlinearity and load life characteristics at a varistor voltage of 100 V or less. The zinc oxide varistor of this embodiment is an automobile varistor. It is particularly suitable for use as a low voltage zinc oxide varistor used in a low voltage circuit at high temperature.

【0017】なお、酸化亜鉛バリスタの性能向上を目的
として、Ag23,B23,SiO 2,PbO,In2
3,Ga23等の金属酸化物を添加しても本発明の効果
に変化はない。
The purpose is to improve the performance of the zinc oxide varistor.
As Ag2O3, B2O3, SiO 2, PbO, In2O
3, Ga2O3The effect of the present invention even if a metal oxide such as
Has not changed.

【0018】[0018]

【発明の効果】以上の説明から明らかなように本発明
は、主成分の酸化亜鉛に対して、副成分として酸化ビス
マス(Bi23)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化コバルト
(Co23)0.1〜1.0モル%,酸化マンガン(M
nO2)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アンチモン(Sb2
3)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化クロム(Cr2
3)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化ニッケル(Ni
O)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アルミニウム(Al2
3)0.001〜0.010モル%,酸化チタン(T
iO2)0.1〜3.0モル%および酸化イットリウム
(Y23)0.01〜0.50モル%を添加含有させた
組成とすることにより、主に100V以下の低電圧回路
用の優れた電圧非直線性と負荷寿命特性を有する優れた
低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタを実現できるものである。
As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, 0.1 to 2.0 mol% of bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) as a sub-component and cobalt oxide ( Co 2 O 3 ) 0.1 to 1.0 mol%, manganese oxide (M
nO 2 ) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, antimony oxide (Sb 2
O 3) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, chromium oxide (Cr 2 O
3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, nickel oxide (Ni
O) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, aluminum oxide (Al 2
O 3) 0.001 to 0.010 mol%, titanium oxide (T
io 2 ) 0.1 to 3.0 mol% and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) 0.01 to 0.50 mol% are added to the composition, so that it is mainly used for low voltage circuits of 100 V or less. It is possible to realize an excellent zinc oxide varistor for low voltage, which has excellent voltage nonlinearity and load life characteristics.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】酸化亜鉛を主成分とし、この成分に対し
て、酸化ビスマス(Bi 23)0.1〜2.0モル%,
酸化コバルト(Co23)0.1〜1.0モル%,酸化
マンガン(MnO2)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アン
チモン(Sb23)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化ク
ロム(Cr23)0.01〜0.50モル%,酸化ニッ
ケル(NiO)0.1〜2.0モル%,酸化アルミニウ
ム(Al23)0.001〜0.010モル%,酸化チ
タン(TiO2)0.1〜3.0モル%および酸化イッ
トリウム(Y23)0.01〜0.50モル%を添加含
有してなる低電圧用酸化亜鉛バリスタ。
1. A main component of zinc oxide,
Bismuth oxide (Bi 2O3) 0.1-2.0 mol%,
Cobalt oxide (Co2O3) 0.1-1.0 mol%, oxidation
Manganese (MnO2) 0.1 to 2.0 mol%, oxidised
Chimon (Sb2O3) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, oxide
ROM (Cr2O3) 0.01 to 0.50 mol%, nitric oxide
Kell (NiO) 0.1-2.0 mol%, aluminum oxide
Mu (Al2O3) 0.001 to 0.010 mol%, oxidized titanium
Tan (TiO2) 0.1-3.0 mol% and oxide
Thorium (Y2O3) Addition of 0.01 to 0.50 mol%
A low voltage zinc oxide varistor having.
JP3232811A 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage Pending JPH0574606A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3232811A JPH0574606A (en) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3232811A JPH0574606A (en) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH0574606A true JPH0574606A (en) 1993-03-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3232811A Pending JPH0574606A (en) 1991-09-12 1991-09-12 Zinc oxide varistor for low voltage

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0762438A2 (en) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric resistance element exhibiting voltage nonlinearity characteristic and method of manufacturing the same
JP2007173313A (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-07-05 Toshiba Corp Current-voltage nonlinear resistor
JP2007329175A (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-20 Toshiba Corp Current-voltage non-linear resistor, and lightening arrester

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0762438A2 (en) * 1995-09-07 1997-03-12 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric resistance element exhibiting voltage nonlinearity characteristic and method of manufacturing the same
EP0762438A3 (en) * 1995-09-07 1997-12-10 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric resistance element exhibiting voltage nonlinearity characteristic and method of manufacturing the same
US5807510A (en) * 1995-09-07 1998-09-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric resistance element exhibiting voltage nonlinearity characteristic and method of manufacturing the same
JP2007173313A (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-07-05 Toshiba Corp Current-voltage nonlinear resistor
JP2007329175A (en) * 2006-06-06 2007-12-20 Toshiba Corp Current-voltage non-linear resistor, and lightening arrester

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