JPH0572299B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive device for a vehicle such as an automobile, and more particularly, to a transverse transaxle type device that selectively provides various driving modes such as four-wheel drive using a viscous coupling spring.

[Background of the invention]

Four-wheel drive systems that do not have a center differential generally have a configuration in which power is constantly transmitted to one of the front or rear wheels, and power is transmitted to the other through a transfer device, and the transfer device includes a meshing dog clutch. , hydraulic clutches, and electromagnetic clutches have been proposed. Here, a dog clutch cannot absorb any difference in rotation during turning, and a hydraulic clutch or the like has advantages and disadvantages, such as the need to control the clutch oil pressure. On the other hand, in recent years, a clutch called a viscous clutch has appeared, which has a sealed structure of wet multi-plates filled with a viscous medium, and has the characteristic of increasing the transmitted torque as the rotational difference between input and output increases. Therefore, such a viscous coupling spring can be used as a differential lock, and when used in a transfer device of a four-wheel drive system, it automatically adjusts the performance of the four-wheel drive according to the rotational difference such as the state of slip between the front and rear wheels. It can be strengthened. Furthermore, as long as the rotational difference does not become extremely large during turning, internal circulation torque can be absorbed by the slip of the viscous coupling spring, and this point is attracting attention.

[Conventional technology]

Therefore, conventionally, regarding the four-wheel drive using the above-mentioned viscous cut spring, for example,
There is a prior art in the publication, which shows that power is transmitted to the rear wheels via a viscous cut spring as a FF base.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

By the way, in the configuration of the prior art described above, in the front wheel torque T _F and the rear wheel torque T _R , T _F
> Only one type of driving mode with the relationship T _R can be obtained. Therefore, there are problems in that it is not possible to drive with emphasis on maneuverability, and it is not possible to maximize drive performance such as starting depending on the loaded state. The present invention has been made in view of these points, and provides a four-wheel drive device that can freely select a plurality of driving modes, such as four-wheel drive using a viscous coupling spring, to fully demonstrate various performances. is intended to provide.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a transfer device disposed before and after a transverse transaxle type differential device, in which a transfer shaft is connected to the output side of the transmission, and a viscous shaft is attached to the transfer shaft. A coupling is provided, and the output element of the transfer shaft and the viscous coupling is configured to be transmitted to one of the front and rear wheels via a 3-position dog clutch for VC-direct connection and free, and at the same time, the output element of the transfer shaft and the viscous coupling is configured to be transmitted to one of the front and rear wheels via a 3-position dog clutch for VC-direct connection and free connection. Transmission is configured to the other of the front and rear wheels via a meshing clutch, and one operating system is connected to the two sets of meshing clutches, resulting in two types of four-wheel drive: one with a viscous coupling spring and the other with a direct connection to the rear wheels. Alternatively, it is configured to obtain an FR two-wheel drive driving mode.

[Effect]

Based on the above configuration, two sets of dog clutches are simultaneously switched by one operating system, and the front wheels are directly connected via the rear wheel viscous cut spring, the rear wheels are directly connected via the front wheel viscous cut spring, or the FR two-wheel drive mode is used. mode will be selected. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to select the optimal four-wheel drive that makes full use of the viscous coupling spring or the FR two-wheel drive depending on the driving conditions, loading conditions, etc.

【Example】

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings. To explain the transmission system based on a transverse transaxle type FF vehicle as a four-wheel drive device to which the present invention is applied in the drawings, an engine 1, a clutch 2, and a transmission 3 are mounted horizontally in the front part of the vehicle body. A front differential device 4 and a transfer device 5 are sequentially arranged behind the transmission 3 and the vehicle body. The transmission 3, front differential device 4, and transfer device 5 are installed inside a clutch housing 6, a transmission case 7, and an extension case 8 to form a transaxle type. The transmission 3 is of a constant mesh type, and has five sets of gears meshing with each other, for example, 1st speed to 5th speed (overdrive), on an input shaft 10 from the clutch 2 and an output shaft 11 arranged parallel to the input shaft 10. By selectively operating a synchronizing mechanism 17 between gears 12 and 13, a synchronizing mechanism 18 between gears 14 and 15, or a synchronizing mechanism 19 adjacent to gear 16, , to obtain each forward gear stage from the first speed to the fifth speed. In addition, the input shaft 10
A reverse gear is obtained by meshing a reverse gear 20 integral with the sleeve-side gear 21 of the synchronizer mechanism 17 via an idler gear (not shown). In the front differential device 4, a drive gear 22, which will be described later, meshes with a final gear 23, and a differential device 24 attached to the final gear 23 is connected to left and right front wheels via an axle 25. The transfer device 5 includes a transfer gear 27 on a transfer shaft 26 installed in the left-right direction of the vehicle body.
are integrally connected, and this transfer gear 27 and the output gear 28 of the output shaft 11 of the transmission 3 are always meshed via an intermediate gear 29. And the viscous cut spring 30 is attached to the transfer shaft 26.
are provided coaxially by connecting the hub 31. This viscous cut spring 30 is made up of a hub 31 and a housing 32, in which integrated plates 33 and 34 are arranged alternately on either side, and a highly viscous liquid is sealed. It has the characteristic of increasing the transmitted torque according to the rotational difference between the two. Here, the hub 31 connected to the transfer shaft 26 is an input element, and the housing 32 of the output element is taken out coaxially with the transfer shaft 26. The transfer shaft 26 and the housing 32 are connected to the drive gear 22 at the front differential position 4 via a three-position dog clutch 40 for VC, direct connection and free, thereby transmitting power to the front wheels. At the same time, the transfer shaft 26 and the housing 32 are connected to a bevel gear drive 35 via another VC-direct coupling 3-position dog clutch 45, and from the bevel gear drive 36 to a rear drive shaft 37, a propeller shaft 38, etc. Transmission is configured to the rear wheels. One of the dog clutches 40 is connected to the drive gear 2.
A sleeve 42 is always engaged with the hub 41 of No. 2, and one of the teeth 42a, 42b of the sleeve 42 is connected to the transfer shaft 26 or the spline 26 of the housing 32.
a, 32a, or not mesh with either of them. The other meshing clutch 45 has a sleeve 47 constantly meshing with the hub 46 of the bevel gear drive 35, teeth 47a of the sleeve 47 meshing with the spline 26a at the 2nd position, and teeth 47b meshing with the spline 32a at the 1st position. It's summery. In the operating system, one rail 48 from the select lever is connected to sleeves 42 and 47 of two sets of dog clutches 40 and 45, and the rail 48
There are three linear positions: FR on the left, R direct 4WD in the middle, and F direct 4WD on the right. Next, the operation of the four-wheel drive device configured as described above will be explained. First, when the vehicle is running, synchronizing mechanisms 17, 18, 19, etc. in the transmission 3 act in synchronization,
Gears 12 to 16, 20, 21, etc. output power to the output shaft 11 for five forward speeds and one reverse speed. Then, the power of the output shaft 11 is once transferred to the gear 28,
29 and 27 to the transfer shaft 26 of the transfer device 5, and the viscous coupling spring 30
Enter. Therefore, when the rail 48 is operated to the left FR position, the dog clutch 40 becomes free and disconnects the front wheel as shown in the figure. On the other hand, the teeth 47a of the sleeve 47 mesh with the spline 26a of the transfer shaft 26, and the meshing clutch 45 is switched to the direct coupling side. For this reason, power is transmitted directly only to the rear wheels,
It will be FR two-wheel drive. Therefore, in this driving mode, the vehicle runs like a normal FR vehicle without any tight corner braking phenomenon. When the rail 48 is operated to the intermediate R direct connection 4WD position, the teeth 42b of the sleeve 42 mesh with the spline 32a, and the dog clutch 40 is switched to the VC side. Therefore, the transfer shaft 26 is connected to the drive gear 22 of the front differential device 4 via the viscous coupling spring 30, and power is transmitted to the front wheels via this path. On the other hand, the dog clutch 45 maintains the R direct connection switching state and directly connects the transfer shaft 26 to the bevel gear drive 35. For this reason, power is directly transmitted to the rear wheels, resulting in four-wheel drive via a front wheel viscous cut spring that is directly connected to the rear wheels. Therefore, in this driving mode, when the difference in rotation between the front and rear wheels is small, the torque transmitted at the viscous cut spring 30 is small, resulting in FR-like driving. on the other hand,
When the rear wheel slips or the rear wheel radius decreases due to an increase in the rear load capacity, and the rotation difference between the front and rear wheels increases, the transmission torque of the viscous cut spring 30 increases rapidly, increasing the driving force of the front wheel. Four-wheel drive performance will be enhanced. Further, in this case, since T _F < T _R between the front axle torque T _F and the rear axle torque T _R , the focus is on maneuverability. On the other hand, when the rail 48 is operated to the right F direct connection 4WD position, the dog clutch 40 is moved to the tooth 42.
A is switched to the direct connection side by meshing with the spline 26a, and the transfer shaft 26 is directly connected to the drive gear 22. On the other hand, the meshing clutch 45 has teeth 47
b is engaged with the spline 32a to switch to the VC side, and the power is transmitted to the transfer shaft 26 via the viscous cut spring 30 by connecting it to the bevel gear drive 35. In this way, the front wheel is directly connected to the rear wheel via the viscous cut spring. It will be 4-wheel drive. Therefore, in this driving mode, T _F > T _R ,
Stability becomes important when driving like a FF. As described above, the four-wheel drive performance is enhanced according to the rotation difference between the front and rear wheels. Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above,
It can also be applied to RR (rear engine/rear drive) base models. Furthermore, the input and output elements of the viscous coupling 30 may be reversed. Furthermore, the rail 48 can be operated manually, by a button switch, or the like.

【Effect of the invention】

As described above, according to the present invention, the front wheel or rear wheel is directly connected with a viscous cut spring.
Since you can arbitrarily select between two 4WD driving modes, you can take full advantage of the characteristics of the viscous cut spring. Depending on driving conditions, loading conditions, etc., it is possible to drive with both stability and maneuverability. Since it has a FR two-wheel drive position, you can compare the difference in performance with a rear wheel direct connection with a viscous cut spring and drive according to your preference. Since two sets of dog clutches are switched by one rail, operability is good and the structure is simplified. Since the pattern has three positions arranged in a straight line, it is easy to operate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a skeleton diagram showing an embodiment of the four-wheel drive device of the present invention. 3...Transmission, 4...Front differential device, 5...
...Transfer device, 26...Transfer shaft,
27...transfer gear, 28, 29...gear, 30...viscous cut spring, 31...hub, 32...housing, 40...VC-direct connection-
3-position meshing clutch for free use, 45...VC
- 3-position dog clutch for direct connection, 48...operating rail.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a transfer device disposed before and after a transverse transaxle type differential device, a transfer shaft is connected to the output side of the transmission, and a viscous coupling VC is attached to the transfer shaft. The output element of the transfer shaft and viscous coupling spring is configured to be transmitted to one of the front and rear wheels via a 3-position dog clutch for VC-direct connection and free, and at the same time, the output element of the transfer shaft and viscous coupling spring is transmitted to one of the front and rear wheels via a 3-position dog clutch for VC-direct connection. The power is transmitted to the other front and rear wheels via the above-mentioned two pairs of dog clutches, and one operating system is connected to the two sets of dog clutches mentioned above. Two types of 4-wheel drive, one with a viscous cut spring and the other with a direct connection to the rear wheels, or two FR two-wheel drive systems are possible. A four-wheel drive system that allows you to select driving modes.