JPH0558478B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a lead-free high octane gasoline with a research method octane number of 95 or higher, and more specifically, it has a specified distillation property and a specified component composition, and contains a specified compounding material. Concerning a new unleaded high octane gasoline with excellent performance. Problems to be solved by conventional technology and inventions The 90-91 unleaded regular gasoline that had been on the market since 1975 had the disadvantage of being susceptible to knocking depending on driving conditions.
In 1959, unleaded high-octane gasoline with a high octane number of 96 to 98 was released. This unleaded high-octane gasoline had better anti-knocking properties than conventional unleaded regular gasoline, but with recent improvements in automobile technology, gasoline with a quality that enables higher drivability,
In other words, there has been a demand for a new unleaded, high-octane gasoline that has excellent startability, excellent acceleration at low speeds, medium speeds, high speeds, and when climbing hills, as well as excellent running stability. Therefore, the present inventors conducted repeated research to develop a new gasoline that satisfies the above requirements, and as a result, by specifying its distillation properties and achieving the optimum distillation properties, and at the same time specifying its component composition in detail, we were able to create an extremely excellent gasoline. They discovered that a new type of unleaded high-octane gasoline with superior performance could be obtained, and filed a patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 123129-1982). In addition, the present inventors have found that by blending a specific compounding material as an essential component, they can improve various acceleration properties, low-temperature startability, and It has the same performance in terms of low-temperature drivability, while the content of olefinic compounds that may have an adverse effect on gasoline stability can be reduced in a specific distillate range, and it has a higher motor octane number. It was discovered that a new lead-free high-octane gasoline with the following characteristics could be obtained, and a separate patent application was filed (Japanese Patent Application No. 153026-1982). The unleaded high-octane gasoline disclosed in both of these applications has superior performance, with improved acceleration performance, low-temperature starting performance, low-temperature drivability (warming-up performance), etc., compared to conventional unleaded premium gasoline. It was a gasoline that had both. However, as a result of further research, the present inventors determined that the distillation properties of the unleaded high-octane gasoline in both applications were improved by defining the distillation properties in more detail and achieving the optimum distillation properties. The inventors have also discovered that the operability at low temperatures is further improved, and have completed the present invention. Compared to conventional unleaded high octane gasoline, the present invention improves acceleration from a standstill to low speeds, acceleration from low speeds to medium speeds, acceleration from medium speeds to high speeds, further acceleration at high speeds, hill climbing ability, etc. Acceleration performance, low-temperature starting performance, and low-temperature drivability (warm-up performance) are improved, and patent application No. 62-123129 and patent application No.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new unleaded high octane gasoline that has further improved acceleration performance, starting performance at low temperatures, and drivability at low temperatures, compared to the unleaded high octane gasoline disclosed in No. 62-153026. do. Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention provides distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of formulas (1), (2), and (3) below, and conditions of formulas (4), (5), and (6) below. Unleaded high octane gasoline with a research method octane number of 95 or higher, characterized by having a component composition that satisfies the following. 50≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.10≦T ₃₀ −T ₁₀ ／T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.40 (2) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ ／T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.50 (3 ) VO (WHOLE)≦25 (capacity%) (4) VA (WHOLE)≦50 (capacity%) (5) VA (≧T ₇₀ )≧85 (capacity%) (6). In the above formula, T ₁₀ , T ₃₀ ,
T ₇₀ and T ₉₀ indicate the 10%, 30%, 70% and 90% distillation temperature (℃) respectively, and also the VO
(WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) are the olefin and aromatic content of the entire gasoline (volume %)
, and VA (≧T ₇₀ ) is the aromatic content (volume %) of the total distillate distilled at a temperature above 70% distillation temperature.
are shown respectively. Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail. As mentioned above, the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention has distillation properties that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formulas (1), (2), and (3). It is necessary to satisfy all the conditions of having a satisfactory component composition. If any one of these conditions is not met, it is not possible to obtain a lead-free high octane gasoline with extremely excellent various performances as described above. The conditions are related to the distillation properties of gasoline, and equation (1) is the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) of gasoline.
It shows that the difference from the 30% distillation temperature (T ₃₀ ) is 50 to 85°C, preferably 55 to 80°C. In addition, equation (2) is the 30% distillation temperature (T ₃₀ ) and the 10% distillation temperature (T ₁₀ ).
and the ratio of T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ shown in equation (1) (T ₃₀ −
T ₁₀ /T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ) is 0.10 or more and less than 0.40, preferably 0.15 or more and 0.35 or less, and formula (3) is
The difference between the 90% distillation temperature (T ₉₀ ) and the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) and the ratio of T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ shown in equation (1) (T ₉₀ −
_T70 / _T70 - _T30 ) is 0.15 or more and less than 0.50, preferably 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less. In addition, the 10% distillation temperature, 30% distillation temperature, 70% distillation temperature, and 90% distillation temperature referred to in the present invention are all the distillation temperatures specified in the fuel oil distillation test method of JIS K 2254. means. In the present invention, if the distillation properties of gasoline do not satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (3), various acceleration properties will be poor, which is not preferable. On the other hand, in the present invention, it is necessary for the distillation properties of gasoline to satisfy the condition of equation (2) in order to further improve the starting performance and drivability (warm-up performance) at low temperatures as well as various acceleration properties of gasoline. . The condition is related to the component composition of gasoline, and equation (4) indicates that the olefin content of the entire gasoline is
Formula (5) indicates that the aromatic content of the entire gasoline is 50% by volume or less, preferably 45% by volume or less. In addition, formula (6) indicates that the aromatic content of the total fraction distilled at a temperature of 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) or higher is 85% by volume or more, preferably 90% by volume or more. . In addition, the olefin content and aromatic content in the present invention are
It means the value measured by JIS K 2536 fuel oil hydrocarbon component testing method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method). In the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the conditions of equations (4) and (5), the stability of the gasoline itself may deteriorate or the materials used in the fuel system may be adversely affected. This is not desirable as it may cause harm. On the other hand, in the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the condition of formula (6), it is not preferable because various acceleration properties are deteriorated. The unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention has a research octane number of 95 or higher, preferably 98 or higher. In addition, this research method octane number means the octane number measured by the research method octane number test method specified in the octane number and cetane number test method of JIS K 2280. The blending materials used in producing the lead-free high octane gasoline of the present invention and their blending ratios are arbitrary. Split gasoline obtained by cracking method etc., reformed gasoline obtained by catalytic reforming method etc., polymerized gasoline obtained by polymerization of olefins, alkylation obtained by adding lower olefins to hydrocarbons such as isobutane (alkylation). Chelates, isomerates obtained by isomerizing linear lower paraffinic hydrocarbons such as n-heptane and n-hexane, naphtha, deparaffinized oils obtained by molecular sieving of petroleum fractions such as gasoline, or these Fractions with specific boiling point ranges, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. can be used as blending materials. The unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention includes, for example, 25 to 50% by volume of reformed gasoline, 20 to 40% by volume of light fractions having a boiling point of about 90°C from the initial boiling point of cracked gasoline,
By blending 10 to 35% by volume of a heavy fraction with a boiling point of about 130°C to the end point of reformed gasoline and 5 to 25% by volume of alkylate, or by blending 25 to 50% by volume of reformed gasoline, isomerate and / or deparaffinized oil (a fraction with a boiling point of 20 to 200°C obtained by subjecting petroleum fractions to molecular sieving) 5 to 40% by volume, initial distillate of cracked gasoline to light fraction with a boiling point of about 90°C 0 to 40% by volume 20% by volume, reformed gasoline boiling point 130℃
It is possible to obtain by blending 10-35% by volume of heavy fractions and 5-25% by volume of alkylates up to the end point. However, in the present invention, as described above, the distillation properties of the final blended gasoline [(1), (2) and (3)]
formula] and the component composition shown in [(4), (5) and (6)
It is important to simultaneously satisfy the conditions of
To this end, it is not just that the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention can be produced by simply mixing the blending materials as in the example above, but rather the properties of the blending materials used (distillation properties, composition, etc.) and the properties of the blending materials used. It is necessary to strictly select the mixing ratio according to the Regarding the distillation properties of the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention, it is important to satisfy the conditions shown above.
-55°C and 9% distillation temperature is preferably within the range of 150-175°C. Furthermore, in the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention, if necessary, antioxidants such as phenols and amines, surface ignition inhibitors such as metal deactivators such as Schiff type compounds and thioamide type compounds, and succinimide. , cleaning and dispersing agents such as polyalkylamines and polyether amines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, combustion improvers such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, sulfuric esters of higher alcohols, anionic Known fuel oil additives such as antistatic agents such as surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants, and colorants such as azo dyes may be added singly or in combination. Although the amount of these fuel oil additives added is arbitrary, it is usually preferable to add them so that the total amount added is 0.1% by weight or less. Furthermore, an octane number improver such as an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, t-butanol, or an ether such as methyl-t-butyl ether may be added to the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention, if necessary. The amount of these octane number improvers added is also optional, but is usually preferably 15% by weight or less. Examples Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Examples and Comparative Examples 32 parts by volume of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, 35 parts by volume of light fraction of fluid catalytically cracked gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, heavy fraction of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil 23 parts by volume of the fraction and 10 parts by volume of an alkylate obtained by the alkylation reaction of isobutane and lower olefin were blended to obtain the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention. Table 1 shows the properties of the base material, and Table 2 shows the properties of the resulting unleaded high octane gasoline. For comparison, as Comparative Example 1, other (1), (3), (4), (5),
Unleaded high octane gasoline satisfying the conditions of formula (6) was prepared, and commercially available unleaded premium gasoline was obtained as Comparative Example 2, and its properties are also listed in Table 2. Using the gasoline of this example and the comparative example, various performance evaluation tests were conducted as shown below, and the results were reported in the third test.
Shown in the table. [Acceleration performance test 1 (stop → low speed, low speed → medium speed, medium speed → high speed)] A passenger car (Car A) with a total displacement of 1500 c.c., manual transmission, and carburetor specification was used. Under conditions of throttle valve full throttle acceleration, the vehicle speed changes from 0 to 60 km/hr by shifting from low gear to second gear to third gear, and the vehicle speed changes to 40 km/hr in top gear.
→80Km/hr and time to reach 80→120Km/hr were measured. [Acceleration performance test 2 (hill climbing force)] Using vehicle A, the time required for the vehicle speed to reach 40 to 80 km/hr was measured on a road with a 5% slope, third gear, and throttle valve fully open acceleration conditions. [Acceleration performance test 3 (climbing power)] A passenger car (B car) with a total displacement of 2000 c.c., automatic transmission, and fuel injection specifications was used, on a road with a 10% slope, second gear, and throttle valve fully open. The time required for the vehicle speed to reach 40 to 80 km/hr under acceleration conditions was measured. [Low-temperature startability test] Using Car A and Car B, the time required for the engine to start was measured at a temperature of -10°C. [Low temperature drivability test] Cars A and B were used to evaluate their drivability at a temperature of -10°C using demerit scores. The demerit scores are based on CRC Report 499 (1978
The test method described on pages 65-69 of the same publication (September 2016) and the E.Driveability Rating on pages 4-5 of the same publication.
It is calculated using the calculation method described in System, and the smaller this value is, the better the drivability is.

【table】

【table】

[Table] Effects of the Invention As is clear from the results of various performance evaluation tests shown in Table 3, the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention has the following properties:
Currently commercially available unleaded premium gasoline (compared to Comparative Example 2, acceleration from standstill to low speed, acceleration from low speed to medium speed, acceleration from medium speed to high speed, acceleration from low speed to high speed, hill climbing ability, etc.) It is a gasoline with excellent performance that improves various acceleration performance of the engine, as well as improves startability and drivability at low temperatures.
Compared to the gasoline in No. 123129 and Patent Application No. 153026/1982, its distillation properties are more precisely specified [Equation (2))]
As a result, even compared to the case where only formula (2) is not satisfied (comparison column 1), various acceleration properties and especially startability and drivability at low temperatures are improved.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Has distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of formulas (1), (2), and (3) below, and a component composition that satisfies the conditions of formulas (4), (5), and (6) below. Unleaded high octane gasoline with an octane number of 95 or higher. 50≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.10≦T ₃₀ −T ₁₀ ／T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.40 (2) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ ／T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜ _0.5 0 (3) VO (WHOLE)≦25 (capacity%) (4) VA (WHOLE)≦50 (capacity%) (5) VA (≧T ₇₀ )≧85 (capacity%) (6) [In the above formula, _T10 , _T30 , _T70 and _T90 are 10%, 30
%, 70% and 90% distillation temperature, respectively; VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) represent the olefin and aromatic content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, and VA (≧T ₇₀ ) represents the 70% distillation temperature. % The aromatic content (volume %) of the total fraction distilled at a temperature equal to or higher than the distillation temperature is shown. ]