JPH0971788A - Unleaded, high performance gasoline - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare an unleaded, high performance gasoline which can improve engine power and acceleration by mixing an alkylate or the like with a catalytically reformed gasoline and a catalytically cracked light gasoline to give a particular compsn. and properties. SOLUTION: An alkylate (A) in an amount of 30 to 70vol% (hereinafter %), 10 to 30% methyl t-butyl ether (B), 10 to 40% catalytically reformed gasoline (C), and 10 to 20% catalytically cracked light gasoline (D) are blended together to prepare an unleaded, high performance gasoline having a paraffin content of 45 to 75% and possessing the following properties and performance: Reid vapor pressure: 39 to 83kpa; density at 15 deg.C: 0.70 to 0.80kg/cm<3> ; 50vol% recovered temperature: 80 to 100 deg.C; amt. of distillate at 70 deg.C: 25 to 40vol%; octane no. as measured by the research method (RON): 97 to 101; and octane no. as measured by the motor method: 85 to 95. The component (A) is prepd. by polymn. of isobutane with a lower olefin and pref. has RON>95. The component (B) serves to improve the combustibility of gasoline. The component (C) has RON>99, and the component (D) is used for modifying the properties of the gasoline.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to unleaded high performance gasoline. Since the unleaded high-performance gasoline of the present invention has a specific composition and properties, it is excellent in engine output and acceleration when used in a racing car or a commercial passenger car.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Automotive engines have high output, low fuel consumption,
Various performances such as low pollution and comfort are required.
In recent years, engine performance has been improved (by using turbocharger, supercharger, etc.) in order to improve drivability, especially output and acceleration, but these requirements have been met by improving the engine. There is a limit to this, and the demand has come to be directed toward gasoline, which is a fuel for automobiles.

On the other hand, as the applicants reported in JP-A-5-65489, WRC (World Rally Championship)
Rally engine, etc., or SWC (Sports car W
orldChampionship), JSPC (Japan Sports Prototyp)
For general circuit racing engines such as e car Championship), research is being conducted to improve torque and output by improving gasoline prescription. Also,
Honda Engineering Co., Ltd. has developed a gasoline prescription with excellent output and fuel consumption for Formula One (F1) race engine, which is the world's highest circuit race (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers [No. 900-72] Training materials [see '90 -11/2]. However, these conventional studies have only established gasoline prescriptions that match the specifications of each engine as a prerequisite, and can be applied to both commercial passenger car engines and racing car engines. No studies have been conducted on how to formulate gasoline, that is, gasoline that exhibits improved power output and acceleration regardless of engine specifications, and no report has been found on it.

[0004]

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted research with the intention of establishing a gasoline prescription that improves the output and acceleration of the engine and is applicable to both commercial passenger cars and racing cars. I advanced. The key points of this development are that it is lead-free, that the ingredients to be blended are inexpensive and that a sufficient amount can be supplied, and that the research method octane number and distillation property of gasoline properties are JIS-K2202.
(Vehicle gasoline), that is, the research method octane number is 96 or more as defined in JIS-K2202 No. 1, and the distillation property is 10% distillation temperature 70 ° C or less, 50% distillation temperature 12
5 ℃ or less, 90% distillation temperature 180 ℃ or less, end point 220 ℃
The following is to obtain gasoline satisfying various items with a residual oil amount of 2% by volume or less.

[0005]

The first aspect of the gasoline of the present invention is, by volume, 30 to 7 alkylates.
0 to 30% methyl tertiary butyl ether
%, Catalytic reforming gasoline 10-40%, light catalytic cracking gasoline 10-20%, and a paraffin content of 45-75%, preferably 53-70%. It is an unleaded high-performance gasoline having: Reed vapor pressure 39 to 83 kPa Density at 15 ° C 0.70 to 0.80 g / cm ³ Distillation temperature of 50% by volume 80 to 100 ° C Distillate amount of 70 ° C 25 to 40% by volume Research method octane number 97-101 Motor method octane number 85-95.

It is also possible to make modifications to the gasoline composition of the first embodiment so that the composition contains straight-run light naphtha and / or isomerized gasoline. Therefore, the second aspect of the gasoline of the present invention is, by volume, 30-70% alkylate and 1% methyl tertiary butyl ether.
0 to 30%, catalytic reformed gasoline 10 to 40%, light catalytic cracking gasoline 8 to 20%, and either or both of straight-run light naphtha and isomerized gasoline
Lead-free high performance gasoline having a blending ratio of 2 to 10% (in both cases in total) and having a paraffin content of 45 to 75%, preferably 53 to 70% and having the same properties and performance as those of the first embodiment. Is.

The third aspect of the gasoline of the present invention is 30 to 50% by volume of isooctane, 10 to 30% of isomerized gasoline (isomerate), 10 to 30% of methyl tertiary butyl ether, and catalytic reforming gasoline. 10 to 4
0%, catalytic cracking gasoline 10-20%, and paraffin content 45-75%, preferably 53-70%, lead-free high-performance gasoline having the same properties and performance as the first and second aspects. is there.

First, the first aspect of the gasoline of the present invention will be described. The base material occupying the largest part of this gasoline component is alkylate. However, if the amount of alkylate is too large, the amount of other base material is relatively small, and it becomes impossible to obtain the properties within the above range. If the amount is too small, the properties within the above range cannot be obtained, and as a result, it becomes difficult to achieve the purpose of improving the output and the acceleration. For this reason,
The compounding amount of alkylate is 30 to 70% by volume.

As the alkylate which can be used in the first embodiment, isobutane and lower olefins (butene, propylene, etc.) are used as raw materials, and these are polymerized in the presence of an acid catalyst (sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, aluminum chloride, etc.). What can be obtained by doing so. In the present invention, various alkylates can be used.
(Hereinafter, described as "RON") Those having 95 or more are preferable. 2, in the alkylate obtained by the above production method
2,4-trimethylpentane (ie isooctane)
The purity of is about 30-
70% by volume.

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (hereinafter referred to as "MTBE") is a relatively light oxygen-containing compound having a high octane number, and the combustibility of gasoline is improved by blending it. However, since the properties are similar to hydrocarbons, the blending effect does not appear unless a certain amount is blended. Therefore, the MTBE content should be 10 to 30% by volume.
And

The method for producing MTBE is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those produced by reacting methanol and isobutene in the presence of an acid catalyst. The manufacturing method including it is Chemishe Werke Huls of West Germany, Snamprogetti of Italy, Gulf Canada of Canada, ARCO Technology of USA, and Mitsui Toatsu Chemical of Japan.
It has been announced by the company. The MTBE obtained by these production methods has a purity of about 97% by volume or more.

The blending amount of the catalytically reformed gasoline may be such that the RON of the product gasoline has a value within the above range of 97 to 101. If it is too small, the RON cannot maintain this lower limit, On the contrary, if it is too large, the upper limit will be exceeded, so
It is 0 to 40% by volume.

As the catalytically reformed gasoline which can be used in the first embodiment, generally, heavy straight-run naphtha and the like are conventionally widely known by the catalytic reforming method (platform forming method, ultra forming method, power forming method). Etc.) obtained by contacting with a catalyst (for example, an alumina carrier supporting platinum or rhodium and chlorine) in a hydrogen stream under high temperature and pressure. As the raw material of the present invention, RON is 99.0 or more, Reid vapor pressure (hereinafter referred to as “RVP”) 29 kPa or more, boiling point range 3
A catalytically reformed gasoline having properties and performance of 0 to 200 ° C. is preferable. If you meet such conditions,
The manufacturing method is arbitrary, and those obtained by various catalytic reforming methods can be used.

Light catalytic cracking gasoline is a component mainly for adjusting the distillation property of gasoline, RVP and the like.
The light catalytic cracking gasoline may be blended in an amount such that the properties of the product gasoline fall within the required range. If it is too small, it is difficult to secure RVP, E70 (distillation amount at 70 ° C), etc. If it is too much, RVP, E70, etc. will be out of the range, so the content is set to 10 to 20% by volume.

The light catalytically cracked gasoline that can be used in the first embodiment is a widely known catalytic catalyst for a wide range of petroleum fractions from kerosene / light oil to atmospheric residual oil, preferably heavy gas oil and vacuum gas oil. Decomposition method Especially fluid catalytic cracking method (UOP
Method, shell two-step method, flexi cracking method, ultra orthoflow method, texaco method, gulf method, ultracat cracking method, RCC method, HOC method, etc., using a solid acid catalyst (for example, silica, alumina, or silica. It is a light fraction of catalytically cracked gasoline obtained by cracking with alumina mixed with zeolite). As the light catalytic cracking gasoline of the present invention,
A distillation range having an initial boiling point of about 20 to 40 ° C. and an end point of about 70 to 120 ° C., RVP of 78 to 103 kPa, and RON of 93 to 96 is used.

The gasoline of the first embodiment prepared by blending the above components has a paraffin content of 45 to 75%, preferably 5%.
3 to 70%, and the properties or density (15
C) 0.70 to 0.80 g / cm ³ , RVP 39 to 83 kP
a, distillation temperature (T50) of 50% by volume of 80 to 100 ° C.,
The distillate amount (E70) at 70 ° C shows 25 to 40% by volume, and R
ON97-101, motor method octane number (hereinafter "MO
N ").

The above-mentioned compositions, properties and performances are measured in accordance with the following standards. Paraffin component: ASTM D1319 Density at 15 ° C: JIS K2249 RVP: JIS K2258 RON and MON: JIS K2280 Distillation temperature of 50% by volume and distillate amount of 70 ° C: JIS
K2254.

The gasoline of the first embodiment having the above composition and the above properties also satisfies the following conditions: Lead content ≤ about 0.013 g / l (measured by the method specified in JIS K2255) Benzene ≤ If the upper limit of the lead content is about 5% by volume, it can be said that the lead-free gasoline is sufficient.

Next, the second aspect of the gasoline of the present invention will be explained. In the second aspect, the straight-run light naphtha and isomerized gasoline blended in addition to the components constituting the gasoline of the first aspect are composed mainly of paraffinic components. It is added to the gasoline of the embodiment for the purpose of adjusting its distillation property, volatility, RON and the like.

Straight-run light naphtha means an initial boiling point of about 20 to 40 ° C. and an end point of about 70 to 1 obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil and crude oil.
It has a distillation range of 20 ° C and is mainly composed of paraffin components. When the straight-distilled light naphtha is blended, if the blending amount is small, the effect of adjusting the volatility is poor, and conversely, if it is too large, it is difficult to secure RON.

The isomerized gasoline (isomerate) has its volatility adjusted and RO
It is added in order to secure N, and the content is preferably 2 to 10% by volume. It is of course possible to use straight-run light naphtha and isomerized gasoline together. In the case of combined use, the ratio is arbitrary, and 2 to 10% by volume may be blended as the total amount of the both to obtain the gasoline of the second aspect.

The isomerized gasoline is obtained by isomerizing a pentane fraction, a hexane fraction, or a mixture of these fractions obtained from naphtha, natural gasoline, straight-run gasoline, reformed gasoline, etc. It means a fraction having a boiling range of 25 to 85 ° C., which is obtained by converting a linear paraffinic hydrocarbon into an isomer having a side chain without changing the chemical composition. A general isomerization process or a hydroisomerization process can be applied to this isomerization. The shell liquid phase isomerization method or the like is known as the general isomerization process, and the Benex method or the Heisomer method or the like is known as the hydroisomerization process. ing. In the isomerized gasoline obtained by such a method, the purity of isopentane as a main component is about 97% by volume or more.

Among the components constituting the third aspect of the gasoline of the present invention, MTBE and catalytic reforming gasoline are the same as the components of the gasoline of the first aspect described above. Therefore, other items will be described below.

Isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) is a paraffin base material, and is RON or MON.
Are both 100 components and are used as a standard fuel for measuring the antiknock property of gasoline. Isooctane is an essential component for the gasoline of the third aspect in order to adjust the amount of paraffin and the octane number. When isobutylene in the butane-butylene fraction separated from petroleum cracked gas is selectively polymerized by using sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid as a catalyst, a polymerization containing a dimer, that is, diisobutylene as a main component, and a small amount of a trimer or more. Oil is obtained. Isooctane is obtained by separating diisobutylene and catalytically hydrogenating it.

If the content of isooctane is insufficient, the paraffin content cannot be secured. On the contrary, if the content is too large, it becomes difficult to keep the RVP and distillation properties within the predetermined ranges.
˜50% by volume.

The isomerized gasoline has already been described as a component used in the second embodiment. The isomerized gasoline used in the third aspect of the present invention is blended as a light paraffinic base material in order to adjust the volatility and the amount of paraffin components of the gasoline of the third aspect. If the blending amount of isomerized gasoline is too small, the volatility of the product gasoline will be small and the paraffin content will be small, resulting in RV
Since P, E70, etc. are too small, and conversely, if they are too large, RVP, E70, etc. exceed the above-mentioned limit, so the content is made 10 to 30% by volume.

The catalytically cracked gasoline has already been described since the light content therein is used in the first embodiment. In the third embodiment of the present invention, as the catalytically cracked gasoline, one having a distillation range with an initial boiling point of about 30 to 45 ° C. and an end point of about 170 to 215 ° C., RVP 39 to 54 kPa, and properties and performance of RON 89 to 91 is used. .

The catalytically cracked gasoline may be blended in such an amount that the density and distillation properties of the product gasoline will be values within the above-mentioned predetermined ranges. If the blended amount is too large or too small, it falls within the predetermined range. Therefore, 10 to 20% by volume is set.

The gasoline of the third embodiment containing the above components also has properties and performances, that is, paraffin content, density (1
5 ° C), RVP, T50, E70 and RON, MON
Are the same as the properties and performances of the gasoline of the first and second aspects, and the lead content and benzene content are also the same as those of the gasoline of the first and second aspects.

A C4 fraction may be added to any of the above-mentioned first to third aspects of gasoline as required. By blending the C4 fraction, the volatility of gasoline is increased, and the startability of the engine during cold weather can be kept good. If the content of the C4 fraction is too large, bubbles may be generated in the middle of the fuel supply line to the engine, which may cause a fuel supply failure, so-called vapor lock phenomenon. Is preferred. Examples of the C4 fraction that can be used in the present invention include butane and butene-based fractions obtained by distillation of crude oil and crude oil during atmospheric distillation, reformed gasoline production, or cracked gasoline production. To be

It is a matter of course that the gasoline of the present invention can be blended with one or more kinds of various fuel additives as required in any of the first to third aspects. Is. The additives are phenolic,
Amine antioxidants, metal deactivators such as thioamide compounds, surface ignition inhibitors such as organic phosphorus compounds, detergent dispersants such as succinimide, polyalkylamines and polyetheramines, polyhydric alcohols Anti-freezing agents such as ethers, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, combustion improvers such as sulfuric acid esters of higher alcohols, antistatic agents such as amphoteric surfactants, colorants such as azo dyes, etc. is there. Although the addition amount of these fuel oil additives is arbitrary, it is usually preferable that the total amount thereof is 0.1% by mass or less.

[0032]

EXAMPLES The gasoline base materials used in the examples are alkylate, MTBE, catalytic reforming gasoline, isooctane, isomerized gasoline (isomerate), light catalytic cracking gasoline, catalytic cracking gasoline and straight run light naphtha. The properties are shown in Table 1. Using them, gasolines according to the first to third aspects of the present invention were produced as Examples 1 to 3. The formulations and properties thereof are shown in Table 2 together with the formulations and properties of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
It was shown to.

With respect to the gasolines of these examples and comparative examples, an output performance evaluation test and an acceleration performance evaluation test shown below were carried out using an engine having the main specifications shown in Table 3. The method is shown below, and the results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[Output Performance Evaluation Test] A bench dynamo test was performed. Exam load: WOT (Wide Open Throt
tle), cooling water temperature: 70 ° C., engine oil temperature: 90-1
10 ℃, ignition timing: MBT (Minimum advance for the B
est Torque), the engine speed was measured from 500 to 7000 rpm at every 500 rpm to evaluate the performance of each gasoline.

[Acceleration Performance Evaluation Test] Evaluation was performed using a chassis dynamometer in a test room in which the temperature was controlled at 25 ° C. and the humidity was controlled at 50%. The test is a load: WOT,
Cooling water temperature: 80-90 ° C, engine oil temperature: 95-1
Under the conditions of 05 ° C. and ignition timing: MBT, the time from the engine speed of 1000 rpm to the speed of 120 km / h was measured and the acceleration time was used to evaluate the performance of each gasoline.

As is clear from the results shown in Tables 4 and 5, the gasoline used in the examples is 0.4 to 1.2 kW in the output difference and 0.2 to the acceleration time difference from the gasoline of the comparative example.
Improved for 0.4 seconds.

[0037]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The gasoline of the present invention enhances engine performance, particularly output and acceleration, regardless of engine specifications, regardless of whether it is used in a commercial passenger car or a racing car through the first to third aspects. You can

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kazuo Ogawa 1134-2 Gongendo, Satte City, Saitama Prefecture, Research & Development Center, Cosmo Research Institute Co., Ltd. (72) Yasuo Iwamiya 1134-2, Gongendo, Satte City, Saitama Prefecture Cosmo Research Institute Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. By volume, 30% to 70% alkylate,
10-30% of methyl tertiary butyl ether, 10-40% of catalytic reforming gasoline, 10-20% of light catalytic cracking gasoline, and paraffin content of 45-
75% and unleaded high performance gasoline having the following properties and performances: Reed vapor pressure 39 to 83 kPa Density at 15 ° C 0.70 to 0.80 g / cm ³ Distillation temperature of 50% by volume 80 to 100 ° C 70 Distillate amount at 25 ° C to 40% by volume Research octane number 97 to 101 Motor octane number 85 to 95 2. By volume, 30% to 70% alkylate,
Methyl tertiary butyl ether is 10 to 30%, catalytic reforming gasoline is 10 to 40%, light catalytic cracking gasoline is 8 to 20%, and either or both of straight-run light naphtha and isomerized gasoline (isomerate). 2 to 10% (in both cases in total), and having a paraffin content of 45 to 75%, the unleaded high performance gasoline having the properties and performance according to claim 1. 3. By volume, 30 to 50% of isooctane,
Isomerized gasoline 10-30%, methyl tertiary butyl ether 10-30%, catalytic reforming gasoline 10-40%, catalytic cracking gasoline 10
~ 20% blended, and paraffin content 45-75%
A high-performance unleaded gasoline having the properties and performance according to claim 1.