JPH055794B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a ceramic material, and more particularly to a ceramic material having properties useful as a paving material with water permeability and water retention. Conventionally, concrete, asphalt, various tiles, bricks, interlocking blocks, etc. have been widely used as paving materials for roads, parking lots, building sites, etc. In recent years, permeable pavement has been used in some areas for purposes such as controlling rainwater runoff, recharging groundwater, and preserving vegetation. As permeable pavement, permeable asphalt pavement, permeable concrete pavement, etc. are used. However, these permeable pavement materials are mainly composed of sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc., and these main components are hardened using asphalt, cement, etc. as a binder, so although they have excellent water permeability, the materials themselves have They are not inherently water-absorbing, so rainwater does not stay in these permeable pavement materials, but permeates into the lower layer. Therefore, these permeable pavements dry quickly when the rain stops and are exposed to sunlight, and like conventional asphalt pavement, concrete pavement, tile pavement, etc., the surface temperature of these pavements on sunny days is 40 to 50℃. ℃, and in some cases over 50℃, which was a problem. Particularly in the summer, roads that get hot during the day radiate the hot air they retain even at night, which has negative effects on the living environment, such as increasing the heat at night in residential areas. From the above-mentioned viewpoint, the object of the present invention is to extremely simply and effectively improve the above-mentioned drawbacks that occur when conventional paving materials are used. As a result of various studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, the inventors of the present invention have found that the main components are a porcelain ceramic material with low water absorption and water permeability, and a ceramic material with a relatively high water absorption. By adding a binder and a sintering material to the material and firing at a firing temperature below the melting temperature of the main component, a ceramic material with appropriate porosity, desired water permeability, and water retention is produced. The present invention was completed based on the finding that the following could be obtained. Therefore, the present invention provides a first component consisting of 20 to 80 parts by weight of a porcelain ceramic material having a water absorption rate of less than 4%, sized within the particle size range of 25.4 to 0.25 mm; The main component is a second component consisting of 80 to 20 parts by weight of a ceramic material having a water absorption rate of 5% or more that has been sized to a particle size range, and after adding a caking material and a sintering material to this, the main component is melted. It has continuous pores with an average pore size of 0.1 mm or more and has a water permeability coefficient of 10 ^-2 cm/sec or more, which is obtained by sintering material particles at a firing temperature below that temperature, and
A ceramic material with water permeability and water retention, characterized by a water retention rate of 2.5% or more. The ceramic material having water permeability and water retention properties of the present invention uses a porcelain material having a water absorption rate of less than 4% among porcelain materials obtained by mixing china clay, kaolin, feldspar, etc. as the first component. However, instead of this, various porcelain material scraps such as ceramic scraps and glass scraps, or porcelain materials such as tile scraps, mortar scraps, and porcelain color aggregate for roads can also be used. Then, 20 to 80 parts by weight of one or more of these pulverized and sized particles within a relatively narrow particle size range of 25.4 to 0.25 mm is used. Furthermore, as the second component, a ceramic material having a water absorption rate of 5% or more, preferably in the range of 5 to 20% is used. Ceramic materials such as tile scraps, clay pipe scraps, or bricks can also be used. Then, one or more of these are crushed and sized into a relatively narrow particle size range of 25.4 to 0.25 mm80.
~20 parts by weight are used. Into this main material sized to a predetermined particle size range, one or more of known lake materials, organic binders, clay, water glass, etc. are added as a primary binder to provide mold retention after molding. One or more types of frit, glaze, glass powder, etc. are added as a sintering agent or secondary binder. Next, the mixture is formed into a plate shape or other shape depending on the purpose, and then fired at a firing temperature below the melting temperature of the main material so as to firmly bond the material particles to each other. In this way, the interparticle voids between the material particles have a continuous structure, and the average pore size
A ceramic material is provided which has a water permeability of 0.1 m/m or more, a water permeability coefficient of 10 ^-2 cm/sec or more as defined by JIS A1218, and a water retention rate of 2.5% or more. In addition, the water retention rate in the text is the amount of water retained by the material after immersing the dry material in clean water for 24 hours, taking it out from the clean water, and leaving it on a dry towel for 1 hour, expressed as a weight increase rate (%). This is the value. A schematic diagram of the structure of the ceramic material of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, water permeable voids 1 are continuous interparticle voids that provide water permeability. Similarly, the water-retaining particles in No. 2 are ceramic material particles having a water absorption rate of 5% or more, and water that has passed through the water-permeable pores is absorbed into these water-retaining particles. This imparts water retention to the product. Then, on sunny days, the water in the water-retaining particles gradually evaporates, passes through the water-permeable pores, absorbs the heat of vaporization, and diffuses into the atmosphere, suppressing the rise in product surface temperature on sunny days. Incidentally, excess water passes through the permeable pores to the lower layer. In addition, the non-water retaining particles of 3 are porcelain material particles with a water absorption rate of less than 4%;
The bond portion is a sintered portion between particles due to a secondary binder. The distribution state of the water-retaining particles and non-water-retaining particles is a layered structure consisting of a single phase 5 of non-water-retaining particles and a mixed layer 6 of water-retaining particles and non-water-retaining particles, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It goes without saying that even a distribution state according to the above does not deviate from the purpose of the present invention. Next, the reason why the blending ratio and particle size of the main components in the present invention are limited as described above will be described. (1) By regulating the particle size within a relatively narrow range, the interparticle voids between material particles can be controlled, resulting in continuous pores with an average pore diameter of 0.1 mm or more, and a hydraulic conductivity of 10 ^-2 Water permeability of cm/sec or higher can be obtained. (2) If the particle size of the main material is 25.4 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the product will decrease, and if fine particles with a particle size of less than 0.25 mm are used, the pore size will become smaller and the permeability coefficient will decrease.
If it is less than 10 ^-2 cm/sec, practical water permeability cannot be obtained. (3) The second component is 5% or more, preferably 5 to 20%.
of ceramic materials with water absorption within the range of %
By using 80 to 20 parts by weight, water retention rate is 2.5
% or more of water retention can be obtained. Ceramic materials with a water absorption rate of less than 5% will reduce the water retention rate of the product, while if the water absorption rate exceeds 20%, the strength of the material will be weak and the strength and wear resistance of the product will be reduced. In addition, the blending ratio of water-absorbing ceramic material is 20
If it is less than part by weight, sufficient water retention will not be obtained;
Moreover, if it exceeds 80 parts by weight, the mechanical strength and abrasion resistance of the product will decrease. (4) By using 20 to 80 parts by weight of a porcelain material with a water absorption rate of less than 4%, the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the product are improved. In addition, when frits, glazes, crushed glass, etc. are used as sintering agents, they become liquid at relatively low temperatures, and the sintering agents tend to concentrate at the points of contact between the material particles. This is to prevent the interparticle voids from being blocked. Furthermore, it goes without saying that it does not deviate from the purpose of the present invention to add an appropriate amount of one or more organic substances when mixing materials in order to improve water permeability. Next, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 5 parts by weight of the synthesized porcelain material was crushed and sized to 1.68 to 1.0 mm, 5 parts by weight of starch paste was added and kneaded, and 10 parts by weight of frit powder was added and kneaded. Let it be A. the other 5.66 to 3.66
5 parts by weight of starch paste was added to a porous ceramic material having a water absorption rate of 12%, which was sized to a size of 5 mm, and then kneaded and mixed with A. The raw material prepared as described above was formed into a flat plate using a press molding machine, and fired in a tunnel kiln at a maximum temperature of 1100°C and a holding time of 60 minutes. Table 2 shows the quality after firing. Example 2 40 parts by weight of porcelain color aggregate for roads sized to a particle size range of 2.0 to 1.0 mm was mixed with 4 parts by weight of starch paste, and 10 parts by weight of powdered frit was added and kneaded. shall be. On the other hand, 3.66~2.0mm
60 parts by weight of a pottery material with a water absorption rate of 8% sized to 60 parts by weight is mixed with 6 parts by weight of starch paste and mixed with B. The raw material prepared as described above was formed into a flat plate using a press molding machine, and fired in a tunnel kiln at a maximum temperature of 1080°C and a holding time of 60 minutes. Table 2 shows the quality after firing.

【table】

[Table] The ceramic material of the present invention having water permeability and water retention properties manufactured as described above has an average pore diameter of 0.1 mm.
Since it has the above-mentioned continuous pores, it exhibits excellent water permeability and excellent water retention. The ceramic material of the present invention has water permeability and water retention properties, so when used as a paving material, the material absorbs and retains rainwater at the beginning of rain and when the amount of rain is low, and when the amount of rain increases. Water is allowed to permeate to the lower layers. In this way, the rainwater absorbed during rainy days gradually evaporates during sunny days, and the heat of evaporation suppresses the rise in pavement surface temperature, improving the living environment of sidewalks in residential areas and parks. Furthermore, when used near the pool, it can improve walking ability in bare feet.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of the structure of the present invention. 1... Water-permeable voids, 2... Water-retentive particles, 3...
Non-water retaining particles, 4... Bond part, 5... Single layer of non-water retaining particles, 6... Mixed layer of water retaining particles and non-water retaining particles.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 20 to 80 porcelain ceramic material having a water absorption rate of less than 4%, sized to a particle size range of 25.4 to 0.25 mm.
The main components are a first component consisting of parts by weight and a second component consisting of 80 to 20 parts by weight of a ceramic material having a water absorption rate of 5% or more and sized to a particle size range of 25.4 to 0.25 mm. After adding the binder and sintering material, the material particles are sintered together at a firing temperature below the melting temperature of the main component.It has continuous pores with an average pore diameter of 0.1 mm or more, and has a hydraulic conductivity of 10 ^-2. A ceramic material having water permeability and water retention, characterized by having a water permeability of cm/sec or more and a water retention rate of 2.5% or more. 2 The water absorption rate of the second component ceramic material is 5 to 5.
Ceramic material having water permeability and water retention of 20% as claimed in claim 1.