JPH0557249A - Vibrating screen device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To [provide a vibrating screen device capable of uniformly performing work for sieving even refuse which has small specific gravity and is smaller than the mesh of a screen as oversize in. a range of the whole region of the screen by fluidizing the material to be sieved by the air blown through the lower part on the screen stretched in the inside of a closable easing while transferring the same by vibration on the stretched screen. CONSTITUTION:An air-diffusible plate 40 having pressure drop larger than a screen 12 is stretched in the lower part of the screen 12 to compart this lower part into the undersize space 41 and the space 42 for introducing blown air. A conduit 17 for introducing air is fitted to the space 42 and compressed air is introduced through the conduit. The air blown at nearly equal speed through the air-diffusible plate 40 in the whole region thereof is obtained in the undersize space 41. This air is blown through the screen 12 to the upper part thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vibrating screen device,
Particularly, the present invention relates to a device suitable for separating construction waste materials into incombustible materials and combustible materials.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, there has been a great social problem regarding the treatment of municipal solid waste, but various problems have been dealt with regarding the problem of separating building waste materials into incombustible materials and combustible materials after crashing them. I am raising it.

Conventionally, a vibrating screen has been used as a device for separating this construction waste material into an incombustible material and a combustible material, and a screen having a mesh of a predetermined size is stretched in its casing. While conveying on the screen by vibrating this casing by, for example, a pair of vibrating electric motors, it is separated into a lower sieve and a upper sieve on the way, and incombustibles such as metal scraps, rubble, and pebbles are used as the lower sieve. Separated and collected, for example, paper, plastic sheets, wood chips, etc. are collected as combustible substances on the sieve. That is, metal scraps, rubble, pebbles and the like as incombustibles generally have a small particle size, and wood scraps, paper, plastic sheets and the like are relatively bulky and have a large particle size, so they are separated on a sieve. However, some combustibles have a smaller particle size so that the combustibles fall below the screen. For example, wood chips, paper chips, etc. smaller than the mesh of the screen are often stored separately in the incombustibles.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the applicant of the present invention can generally separate a non-combustible material and a combustible material, for example, a construction waste material into a non-combustible material and a combustible material with sufficiently high selectivity. A screen having a predetermined mesh size is stretched in a hermetic casing for the purpose of providing a separating device, and the casing is vibrated while ejecting air from below the screen to above the screen. The vibrating screen of the vibrating screen is composed of a vibrating screen that conveys the upper dust while keeping it in a fluidized state, and a wind separator that receives on the sieve of the vibrating screen and separates it into small dust and relatively large dust. Receiving inferior waste that has a relatively large specific gravity discharged from the bottom and the air sorter, and combustible waste that has a relatively small specific gravity emitted from the wind separator. It has proposed a dust separating apparatus is characterized in that the receive as body (Japanese Patent Application No. 3-160
No. 027).

FIG. 5 shows the whole of the concrete example of the above apparatus, but the construction waste material separating apparatus is shown by 10 as a whole, and the vibrating screen 1 on the most upstream side and the wind sorter 2 for receiving this on the sieve and this wind sorter. It is composed of an incombustible material collection container 3 that receives as waste with a relatively large specific gravity discharged from the container 2 and a combustible material collection container 4 that collects as a waste with a relatively small specific gravity. Further, the bottom of the vibrating screen 1 is discharged to the side of the incombustible material recovery container 3.

FIG. 6 shows the details of the vibrating screen 1 shown in FIG.
The punched metal 12 is stretched as a screen inside a substantially rectangular closed casing 11.
As a result, the interior of the closed casing 11 is divided into an upper space 19 and a lower space 18, and an air ejection pipe 17 is connected to the rear wall portion of the casing 11 so as to communicate with the lower space 18, and compressed from the outside through the same. Air is introduced into the lower space 18 in the closed casing 11. The upper space 19 is formed as an upper air passage in the closed casing 11, and a pair of ducts 15 and 16 are provided on the upper wall portion. Also, the closed casing 1
A screen upper discharge port 13 and a screen lower discharge port 14 are formed at the right end portion of 1.

A pair of drive unit mounting plates 21, 21 are mounted on the bottom wall of the hermetic casing 11, and vibration motors 22a, 22b having a known structure are mounted on each of them. In addition, the closed casing 11 is a pair of columns 2.
It is supported on 3 and 24 via anti-vibration springs 25 and 26. The columns 23 and 24 are supported on a base 27,
It is assumed that this base 27 is provided by adjusting the height with respect to the wind sorter 2 shown in FIG. The punched metal 12 has a predetermined mesh size, that is, the punched metal 12 is formed by forming a large number of round holes of a predetermined diameter on a metal plate, for example, in a dendritic manner. For example, the diameter is 5 mm. The width of the closed casing 11 is 1.5 to 1.8 m.
And the capacity of the vibration motor is 5.5 kw or 7.5.
It is about kW. A hopper 20 is provided at the left end of the closed casing 11, and the building waste material of this embodiment is stored therein. Actually, it is considerably larger than the closed casing 11, but is shown reduced for simplification. The apparent specific gravity of construction waste is 0.6 to 0.
According to the present specific example, it is 15 to 20 per hour.
m ³ shall be processed.

In FIG. 6, a large amount of waste building material is stored in the hopper 20, and is discharged from the left end of the closed casing 11 of the vibrating screen 1. The closed casing 1 is driven by driving the vibration motors 22a and 22b.
1 vibrates in the direction of arrow a, whereby the construction waste material is transferred to the right side in FIG. 5 on the screen 12 by vibrating. The space 18 below the screen 12 during the transfer
Compressed air is introduced through the conduit 17 to the upper space 19 side of the screen 12, and the dust on the screen 12 is in a fluidized state. The dust that occupies and has a relatively large specific gravity is transferred by vibration while taking the position of the lower layer portion of the dust layer, that is, the side close to the screen 12. As a result, the dust smaller than the mesh of the screen 12 falls to the lower space 18 side as a sieve down, and the dust larger than the mesh is transported to the right side by vibration as a sieve and is discharged from the discharge port 13 to the wind separator of the next process. 2, and the bottom of the sieve is discharged from the discharge port 14 into the incombustible material recovery container 3 in FIG. Further, although the dust is transferred in a fluidized state on the screen 12, it is a dust having a relatively small specific gravity, and even the dust smaller than the mesh of the screen 12 is in the fluidized state, and the upper layer portion of the dust layer. By occupying the sie
Will be supplied to. In addition, the dust that is placed under the screen and is smaller than the mesh of the screen 12 and has a relatively large specific gravity m
Are discharged as incombustibles. In addition, dust, small pieces of paper, and pieces of wood that are close to ash are especially dusty, and the screen 1
It does not fall below 2 and is supplied to the wind separator 2 through the discharge port 13 as the upper refuse as it is as the upper sieve.

However, in order for the above-mentioned operation to be performed uniformly over the entire area of the screen 12, it is necessary that the air jet velocity from the lower space 18 of the screen 12 to the upper side of the screen 12 is uniform. The jet air is supplied to the conduit 17 provided on the left end wall of the closed casing 11.
The air is blown upward through the screen 12 at the upstream end of the screen 12, that is, in the vicinity of the conduit 17, but the jetting speed of the air is high, but as it goes downstream, The ejection speed becomes low. Therefore, the above-mentioned action can be surely received at the upstream end of the screen 12, but there is a possibility that only the above-mentioned action, which is extremely weak, is received at the downstream end.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a vibrating sieving apparatus capable of uniformizing the jetting speed of the air blown upward from the lower space over the entire area of the screen. The purpose is to provide.

[0011]

[Means for Solving the Problems] The above object is to stretch a casing having a predetermined mesh size in a hermetically sealed casing, and jet the air from below the screen to above the casing. In a vibrating and sieving apparatus that vibrates and conveys the dust on the screen in a fluidized state and separates it into a lower sieve and an upper sieve, an air-permeable plate material having a larger pressure loss than the screen is provided below the screen, A vibrating and sieving device, characterized in that the air is ejected into a space below the transparent plate material,
Achieved by

[0012]

In the lower part of the screen, an air permeable plate material having a larger pressure loss than that of the screen is provided, and air is jetted and introduced into this lower space. In the lower space, the jet air is guided to the lower space below the screen at a uniform upper velocity with respect to the upper screen. This is uniformized because the pressure loss of the air permeable plate material is larger than that of the screen, and this makes the velocity of the air blown upward over the entire area of the screen 12 uniform. As a result, the sieving material which is fluidized and transferred on the screen 12 by vibration is uniformly fluidized over the entire region, and the material having a small specific gravity is surely fluidized away from the screen by a large amount, and is thus sieved as a sieve. It is transferred to the downstream side and has a relatively large specific gravity.
The bottom of the sieve close to 2 and smaller than this mesh is dropped into the space below this sieve. Moreover, since this action can be received uniformly over the entire screen, it is possible to separate the lower sieve and the upper sieve into the desired lower sieve and upper sieve.For example, if the material is construction waste, it is incombustible and combustible. It can be separated from the product with good selectivity.

[0013]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A waste separating device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.
It will be described with reference to FIGS.

1 to 3 show a dust separating apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 6 of the conventional example are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

That is, in FIG. 1, a closed casing 60 is provided.
Similarly to the conventional example, the lower sieve outlet 64 and the upper sieve outlet 65 are integrally formed, but the pressure loss in the space below the screen 12 is larger than that of the screen 12, that is, much smaller than the mesh of the screen 12. An air permeable plate member 40 having a mesh 40a is arranged, and is divided into a sieve lower space 41 and a compressed air introduction space 42 by this. In addition, the compressed air introduction space 42 is provided under the sieve outlet 6
The wall portion 64a of 4 forms a closed space (excluding the air jet introduction port).

Further, according to this embodiment, the air shutoff device 50 is provided between the lower sieve space 41 and the lower sieve discharge port 64. The details thereof are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and in these drawings, a mounting member 51 having an L-shaped cross section is fixed to the lower surface of the screen 12 by welding, for example, and a rectangular flat plate 52 is provided with bolts 54a, 54b and It is fixed by nuts 55a and 55b screwed to this. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the flat plate 52 has a plurality of elongated holes 53a, 53a.
b is formed (note that only two long holes 53a and 53b are shown, but a larger number are provided), and the shaft portions of the bolts 54a and 54b are inserted therethrough, and this is further attached to the mounting member 51. The flat plate 52 is fixed to the screen 12 by being inserted into a bolt insertion hole provided in the above and by screwing nuts 55a and 55b. At this time, a gap S is formed between the flat plate 52 and the air permeable plate member 40. This is the long holes 53a, 53 formed in the flat plate 52.
The size can be adjusted by adjusting the vertical position of the flat plate 52 in b. The size S of this gap is adjusted according to the size of the dust m under the sieve.

The waste separating apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention is constructed as described above, and its operation will be described below.

Similar to the conventional example, the vibration motors 22a, 22b.
Is driven, the casing 60 vibrates in the direction of arrow a. The construction waste material in the hopper 20 is supplied to the upstream end of the screen 12 as in the conventional case, and is transferred by vibration. The air is jetted upward from the space 41 under the sieving process, but according to the present embodiment, the air permeable plate member 40 having a large pressure loss is provided below the space 41 and is connected to the lower space 42. Since compressed air is supplied from the conduit 17, the air has a uniform flow velocity throughout the entire space 42 before passing through the upper sieve lower space 41 and passes through the small mesh 40a of the air permeable plate member 40. And blows to the upper side of the sieve lower space 41 side. The air is jetted upward from here through the mesh 12a of the screen 12, but since the jet velocity is already uniform in the entire region of the lower sieve space 41, the air jet velocity blown above the screen 12 is the entire region of the screen 12. Is uniform at. Therefore, the dust transferred above this is subjected to the same action as in the conventional example, but especially the screen 1
Since the action can be uniformly received over the entire area of No. 2, it is possible to separate into incombustibles and combustibles with better selectivity than in the past. As shown in FIG. 2B, the bottom of the sieve is guided to the outside through the gap S formed between the lower edge of the flat plate 52 and the air permeable plate material 40 and through the bottom outlet 64 without any problem. .. Further, the sieve upper refuse H is also discharged to the outside through the sieve upper outlet 65 as in the conventional case.

According to this embodiment, since the air blocking device 50 is provided between the lower sieve space 41 and the lower sieve discharge port 64, the outflow speed of the jetted air in the lower sieve space 41 is further uniformized. be able to. If there is no air shutoff device 50, the air flow resistance at the boundary between the lower sieve outlet 64 and the lower sieve space 71 is smaller than the flow resistance of the screen 12, so the jetting speed in this vicinity is slightly lower than the upstream side, By providing this air cutoff device 50, the air can be made uniform over the entire area of the screen 12, and almost ideally, the fluidizing action over the entire area of the screen 12 and the waste caused by the fluidization can be used as construction waste. For example, the dust having a relatively small specific gravity and smaller than the mesh of the screen 12 is surely discharged to the outside through the sieve discharge port 65 as the sieve.

FIG. 4 shows the entire dust separating vibrating conveyor 101 of the second embodiment. In the figure, a screen 103 made of punch metal is stretched in a substantially rectangular closed casing 102. According to this embodiment, the mesh size of the first screen portion 103a on the upstream side of the screen 103, that is, the diameter of the opening a is relatively small, and the mesh size of the mesh, that is, the opening b of the second screen portion 103b on the downstream side. The diameter is said to be relatively large. Further, a duct 104a for discharging a weak wind and a duct 104b for discharging a strong wind are provided on the upper wall portion of the closed casing 102, respectively. A discharge port 105 for discharging the upper part of the sieve and a discharge part 106 for discharging the lower part of the sieve are integrally formed at the right end of the casing 102. A hopper 107 is arranged near the left end of the casing 102, and a large amount of building waste material waste to be separated by the main waste separation vibration conveyor 101 is stored in the hopper 107.
Although it has a larger size in actuality, it is shown in a reduced size for the sake of clarity of the drawing, and it is installed on a pedestal not shown and is vibrationally insulated from the casing 102.

A counterweight 108 is disposed below the closed casing 102 while being supported by a vibration-proof spring 112, which is connected to the upper closed casing 102 by a Renker 110 and a coil spring 109. Further, the upper and lower ends of the Renker 110 are made of rubber bushing, respectively.
It is pivotally attached to the weight 108, and the central portion of the Renker 110 is also pivotally attached to a column 111 fixed to the counter weight 108 by a rubber bush.
The lender 110 and the coil spring 109 are arranged at right angles to each other, and cause the closed casing 102 to vibrate in a direction substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lender 110 in a direction indicated by an arrow V. Counter weight 1
A motor 113 is fixed to 08, which is configured to transmit the rotational driving force thereof via a belt 116 to a pulley 115 of a crank driving unit 114 also arranged on the counter weight 108. Therefore, the crank driving unit 114 converts the rotational movement into the linear movement. The upper end of the drive rod 117 that transmits this linear movement is fixed to the closed casing 102 via a shock absorber 118.

The screen 103 is composed of the upstream screen portion 103a having a relatively small mesh and the downstream screen portion 103b having a relatively large mesh as described above, and is divided into an upper space 121 and a lower space 122 by this. .. According to the present invention, the space 122 has a large pressure loss arranged further below the space 122, that is, the screen portions 103a, 1a.
Air-permeable plate material 7 with a mesh much smaller than that of 03b
It is divided by 0 and is divided into the lower sieve spaces 122A and 122B and the first air introducing space 80A and the second air introducing space 80B, and the first air introducing space 80A and the second air introducing space 82B are blocked by the partition wall 125. Has been done. Further, air P and Q having relatively low and high compressive forces are introduced into the jet air introduction spaces 80A and 80B via conduits 119 and 120, respectively. Also, the sieve lower spaces 122A, 122
B is also partially blocked by a partition wall 71 hanging downward from the screen 103.

Also in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the lower sieve spaces 122A and 122B and the lower sieve discharge port 106 are provided.
An air shutoff device 50 is provided between the two, and the air flow area between the lower sieve spaces 122A and 122B and the lower sieve outlet 106 can be adjusted.

The building waste material separating / vibrating conveyor 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is constructed as described above. Next, its operation will be described.

The driving of the well-known crank driving unit 114 for driving the motor 113 causes the driving rod 117 to linearly vibrate, and this causes the casing 1 to pass through the cushioning member 118.
02. That is, when the motor 113 is started, a large impact force is applied to the drive rod 117, but the shock-absorbing member 118 (which is made up of two plate rubber members as is well known, and the impact force is absorbed by rubber) is applied to the closed casing 102. , The impact force at the time of driving is not transmitted,
Start driving smoothly. That is, the Renker 110 makes a swinging motion around a central bush pivotally attached to the column 111, and the closed casing 102 expands and contracts by a coil spring 109 arranged vertically, so that the closed casing 102 is indicated by an arrow V.
Perform linear motion in the direction indicated by.

On the other hand, a large amount of waste building material is stored in the hopper 107, which is sequentially cut out on the screen 103 along with the vibration of the closed casing 102 and transferred to the right in the figure by the vibration V. It Air having a relatively low compression force is introduced into the lower space 122A during this process. This is the upstream screen portion 10
Although it is discharged as an exhausted air flow P'through the upper space 21 and the duct 104a through 3a, the dust on the screen portion 103a is fluidized by the air jetted upward from below. Therefore, in this flow state, the punch metal 103a side, that is, the lower layer side, preferentially has dust with a relatively large specific gravity, such as metal chips, stones, and rubble, which pass through a relatively small mesh and are on the lower space 122A side. To fall. That is, it is transferred to the right side by vibrating on the air permeable plate material 70 in the closed casing 102 as a bottom of the sieve. On the other hand, dust with a relatively small specific gravity and a small particle size is compressed by the compressed air from below the screen portion 1.
The dust layer on 03a preferentially occupies the upper portion, and there is little chance of contact with the lower screen portion 103a. Therefore, the vibration is transmitted by the dust layer on the lower side and transferred to the right in the figure. As a result, it is transferred to the downstream screen portion 103b without passing through the mesh a. Also, dust, paper, plastics, wood pieces, etc., which are larger than the mesh a, are transported to the right by vibration without passing through the mesh of the screen portion 103a regardless of whether they occupy the lower part of the dust layer or the upper part, It reaches the downstream screen portion 103b.

Air having a relatively high compressive force is introduced into the lower space 122B, whereby the second screen portion 1 is provided.
The waste on 03b is subjected to a greater fluidizing action than on the upstream screen portion 103a, and the dust having a relatively small specific gravity, for example, dusty dust, small paper, and cotton dust occupy the upper layer of the dust in a almost flying state. Moreover, since the bolts, the metal scraps m, and the like having relatively large specific gravity are transferred by vibration in the state of being close to the screen portion 103b, the diameter of the upstream screen portion 103a is larger than the mesh size of the upstream screen portion. Even if the dust m does not fall, the screen portion 103b falls through the mesh b into the lower space 122B. On the other hand, all the dust larger than the mesh of the screen portion 103b is transferred to the screen portion 103b as a sieve, and is discharged to the outside through the discharge port portion 105.

Further, dust as a sieve under the upstream screen portion 103a of the screen 103 and dust under the sieve of the downstream screen portion 103b are all discharged through the discharge port portion 106 to the outside. The dust discharged from the discharge port 105 as described above is collected as a combustible substance, and the dust discharged from the discharge port 106 is collected as an incombustible substance.

As described above, the non-combustible waste and the combustible waste can be separated and collected with a higher degree of selectivity than ever before.

Further, according to the embodiment, in the downstream side area, that is, in the downstream side screen portion 103b, it functions as a wind selector, so to speak, and this function may be performed by an external wind selector. It is conceivable that the drive part is common compared to this case, and it can be made lower from the viewpoint of the height of the building, which not only reduces the cost but also in the limited site and area. A waste treatment plant can be advantageously installed.

Also in this embodiment, similarly to the above embodiment, the compressed air P having a relatively high pressure and the compressed air Q having a relatively low pressure are passed through the air permeable plate member 70 having a large pressure loss, and the sieve lower spaces 122A and 122B. However, since the pressure loss of the air permeable plate material 70 is large, the compressed air having a relatively low pressure and the compressed air having a relatively low pressure are uniform over the respective regions under the respective sieves. At the flow velocity, the compressed air is directed to the upper screen 103, from which the air is ejected uniformly over the entire areas 103a and 103b. As a result, the fluidizing action and the separating action for separating the incombustible substance and the combustible substance as described above can be performed accurately and efficiently.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, in the above embodiments, the punched metal having a small mesh is described as the air permeable plate material having a large pressure loss, but of course the invention is not limited to such a member, and if the pressure loss is large, for example, a wire mesh having a small mesh can be used. Good. Alternatively, a porous or porous sintered metal plate may be used.

[0034]

As described above, according to the vibrating and sieving apparatus of the present invention, the sieving material on the screen is fluidized uniformly over the entire area of the screen. For example, if the sieving material is construction waste, it is incombustible and combustible. Highly accurate for things,
And it can be separated efficiently.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a dust separator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

2A and 2B are partially enlarged cross-sectional views of the relevant part.

3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line [3]-[3] of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway side view of a dust separator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view of a conventional dust separating device.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway side view of a vibrating screen in the same device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 12 screen 40 air permeable plate material 70 air permeable plate material 103 screen

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A screen having a predetermined mesh size is stretched in a hermetically sealed casing, and the casing is vibrated while ejecting air upward from below the screen to remove dust on the screen. In a vibrating and sieving device that separates into a lower screen and a upper screen while conveying in a fluid state, an air permeable plate material having a pressure loss larger than that of the screen is provided below the screen, and the air is jetted into a space below the air permeable plate material. A vibrating and sieving device characterized in that 2. An air flow blocking plate member is provided between a space under the sieve and a discharge port under the sieve between the screen and the air permeable plate member, and an air flow area between them can be adjusted. The vibrating sieving apparatus according to Item 1.