JPH0553131A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve the assembly workability, and to simplify the connector connecting work. CONSTITUTION:The device is constituted by providing a lighting confirmation through-hole 67 which is connected electrically to a lighting confirmation tester 68 and can be inserted into a contact probe pin 72 provided on a base 1 of an assembling machine, on a printed board 35. Accordingly, assembly workability of the liquid crystal display device is satisfactory, and a drawing-out/inserting work of an interface connector 6 at the time of assembling work which is necessary up to the present can be omitted, therefore, the manhour can be reduced, and deformation and damage of the connector can be prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a field effect liquid crystal display device having excellent time-division driving characteristics and capable of black and white and multicolor display.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional twisted nematic type liquid crystal display device has a 90 ° twisted helix structure formed by a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between two electrode substrates. A pair of polarizing plates is arranged outside the electrode substrate so that the polarization axis (or absorption axis) thereof is orthogonal or parallel to the axis of the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the electrode substrate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51- 13666
Publication).

In such a liquid crystal display device having a twist angle of 90 °, there are problems in the steepness γ of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer with respect to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer and in the viewing angle characteristics. The practical limit was 64 for the number of electrodes). However, in order to cope with recent demands for improving image quality and increasing the amount of display information for liquid crystal display elements, the twist angle α of liquid crystal molecules sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates is set to be larger than 180 °, and the voltage applied to this liquid crystal layer is increased. Applied physics by TJ Schaefer and J. Nailing to improve the time-division drive characteristics and increase the number of time-divisions by adopting a configuration that detects changes in the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal layer due to
Letter 45, No. 10, 1021, 1984 "Ann Hailey
Multiplexer "(Applied Physics Letter, T.J.
Scheffer, J. Nehring: “A new, highly multiplexabl
e liquid crystal display ”), and a super twisted birefringence effect (SBE) liquid crystal display device has been proposed.

[0004]

FIG. 12 is a perspective view for explaining a conventional technique.

Reference numeral 63 is a liquid crystal display module, 60 is a liquid crystal cell in which upper and lower two upper electrode substrates and lower electrode substrates are superposed such that the surfaces provided with electrodes face each other, and liquid crystal is sealed between them. Is a printed circuit board for driving a liquid crystal cell, 6
Reference numeral 5 denotes an interconnector such as zebra rubber for electrically connecting the liquid crystal cell 60 and the segment terminal of the printed circuit board 35, 66 denotes a liquid crystal display module 63 and another device for inputting an external signal to the liquid crystal display module 63. Interface connector of the product, 68 is a tester for confirming lighting of the liquid crystal cell 60, 69 is a connector of the tester 68 connectable to the interface connector 66, 7
0 is a cable for connecting the connector 69 and the tester 68,
Reference numeral 73 is a left hand of an assembly worker, and 74 is a right hand of the same assembly worker.

In the process of assembling the liquid crystal display module 63, an assembling operator prints the liquid crystal cell 60 and the common terminal of the printed circuit board 35 electrically connected by using a heat seal (not shown) as shown in FIG. Hold the stacked substrate 35, interconnector 65, and liquid crystal cell 60 with the left hand 73 so as not to fall apart, hold the cable 70 of the tester 68 with the right hand 74, insert the connector 69 of the tester 68 into the interface connector 66, Set the stacked members on the base (not shown; see FIG. 1) of the assembling machine, and check the lighting state of the liquid crystal cell 60 using the tester 68, and print with the liquid crystal cell 60 connected via the interconnector 65. The segment terminals of the substrate 35 are aligned with each other. When the correct alignment is performed, a frame (not shown, see FIG. 1) is incorporated, and each member is compressed by the frame and is pressed and fixed. After assembly, the connector 69 of the tester 68
Is removed from the interface connector 66, and the liquid crystal display module 63 is removed from the base 71 of the assembly machine.

Printed circuit board 35, interconnector 6
5. It is extremely unstable to hold the liquid crystal cell 60 in a stacked state with one hand, and the liquid crystal cell 60 and the printed circuit board 35
The common terminals of are connected by heat seal, and it is very difficult to insert / remove the connector 69 with one hand while caring for the heat seal and the stacked members so that the interconnector 65 does not come off (especially for flat cables. ), The interconnector 65 is scattered, which causes a problem of poor workability. Further, since the connectors 65 and 66 have poor durability, they may be deformed by the inserting / removing operation of the connectors, which causes a problem that the maintenance of the connectors is very troublesome.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which has a good assembling workability, can simplify the connector connection work, and can prevent the connector from being damaged.

[0009]

Conventionally, a product interface connector has been used to connect a liquid crystal display device and a lighting confirmation tester. However, in the present invention, a branch wiring is provided separately from the connector. A hole was provided on the printed circuit board for checking lighting. In other words, in order to achieve the above object, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell and a printed circuit board electrically connected to the liquid crystal cell, and is electrically connected to a lighting confirmation tester. The printed circuit board is provided with a lighting confirmation through-hole that is connected to the above and can be inserted into a contact probe pin provided on the base of the assembly machine.

[0010]

In the present invention, since the through hole for lighting confirmation is provided on the printed circuit board, when the printed circuit board and the liquid crystal cell are set on the base of the assembling machine, the through hole is inserted into the contact probe pin and set. At the same time, it can be lit up and displayed, so the work of inserting and removing the interface connector can be omitted, and it can be set by using both hands, so that the assembly workability is good and the connector can be prevented from being deformed or damaged.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

Reference numeral 63 is a liquid crystal display module, and 60 is an upper electrode substrate and a lower electrode substrate, which are upper and lower, and are stacked so that the surfaces provided with electrodes face each other, and liquid crystal is sealed between them to form a liquid crystal cell (see FIG. 3). 35 is a printed circuit board for driving the liquid crystal cell, 65 is an interconnector such as zebra rubber for electrically connecting the liquid crystal cell 60 and the segment terminals of the printed circuit board 35, and 66 is a liquid crystal display module and other devices. An interface connector of the product for connecting and inputting an external signal to the liquid crystal display module 63, 67 through holes for lighting confirmation provided on the printed circuit board 35, 41 for a frame, 68 for lighting confirmation of the liquid crystal cell 60 , 70 is a cable of the tester 68, 71 is a base of the assembling machine, 72 is a contact probe pin provided on the base 71 of the assembling machine. It is.

The printed circuit board 35 is provided with a plurality of lighting confirmation through holes 67 corresponding to the terminals of the interface connector 66. The lighting confirmation through hole 67 is provided on the base 71 of the assembling machine.
It is possible to insert the contact probe pins 72, which are provided in the same number corresponding to No. 7, respectively. Contact probe pin 7
A cable 70 of a tester 68 is connected and wired to the line 2. Since the interface connector 66 and the lighting confirmation through hole 67 are connected on the circuit, it is possible to receive a signal from the tester 68 via the through hole 67 and the contact probe pin 72.

To assemble the liquid crystal display device, an assembling operator uses the heat seal (not shown) to electrically connect the liquid crystal cell 60 and the common terminal of the printed circuit board 35, the printed circuit board 35, the interconnector 65, and the liquid crystal. Set the stacked cells 60 on the base 71 of the assembling machine using both hands so as not to fall apart. When set, the through hole 67 for lighting confirmation is the base 71 of the assembly machine.
Of the contact probe pin 72. That is, it is possible to turn on the display as soon as it is set. While confirming the lighting state of the liquid crystal cell 60 by the tester 68, the liquid crystal cell 60 connected via the interconnector 65 and the segment terminals of the printed circuit board 35 are aligned with each other. When the correct alignment is done, cover the frame 41, compress each member by the frame 41,
The claws of the frame 41 are bent and pressed to be fixed. After the assembly is completed, the liquid crystal display module 63 is removed from the base 71 of the assembly machine.

As described above, since the lighting confirmation through-hole 67, which is electrically connected to the lighting confirmation tester 68 and can be inserted into the contact probe pin 72 provided on the base 71 of the assembling machine, is provided in the printed circuit board 35, In the assembly process, when the printed circuit board 35, the interconnector 65, and the liquid crystal cell 60 are stacked and set on the base 71 of the assembly machine, the through holes 67 of the printed circuit board 35 are inserted into the contact probe pins 72 of the base 71 of the assembly machine. As it is set, the printed circuit board 35 and the tester 6 are set at the same time.
8 is electrically connected to enable lighting display. Therefore, it is not necessary to connect and disconnect the connector of the tester 68 to and from the interface connector 66, which is conventionally performed, so that the number of steps is reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the connector can be prevented from being deformed or damaged, and the conventional maintenance of the connector is troublesome. It can be omitted. Further, since it is not necessary to insert a connector, the assembly machine can be set on the base 71 with both hands, and the assembling workability is good, and the interconnector 65 is provided.
It is possible to prevent it from coming loose. Although the tester 68 and the contact probe pin 72 are connected and fixed, the connector of the tester 68 (see 69 in FIG. 12) is provided as in the conventional case, and the contact probe pin 7 of the base 71 of the assembling machine is provided.
It may be possible to insert and remove it in 2. Even in such a case, conventionally, it was necessary to insert and remove the connector of the tester 68 for each liquid crystal display device to be assembled, but this is not necessary in the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement direction (for example, rubbing direction) of liquid crystal molecules on the electrode substrate, the twisting direction of the liquid crystal molecules, and the polarization axis (or absorption) of the polarizing plate when the liquid crystal display device 62 according to the present invention is viewed from above. The (axial) direction and the optical axis direction of the member that brings about the birefringence effect are shown, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part of the liquid crystal display device 62 according to the present invention.

Twisting direction 10 of liquid crystal molecules and twist angle θ
Is the rubbing direction 6 of the alignment film 21 on the upper electrode substrate 11, the rubbing direction 7 of the alignment film 22 on the lower electrode substrate 12, and the positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between the upper electrode substrate 11 and the lower electrode substrate 12. It is defined by the type and amount of the optical rotatory substance added to the nematic liquid crystal layer 50 having the property.

In FIG. 3, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules between the upper and lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 50 so as to form a twisted spiral structure, for example, a transparent upper layer made of glass is used. A method of rubbing the surfaces of the alignment films 21 and 22 made of an organic polymer resin made of polyimide, for example, in contact with the liquid crystal on the lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 with a cloth in one direction, that is, a so-called rubbing method is adopted. ing. The rubbing direction at this time, that is, the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction 6 in the upper electrode substrate 11, and the rubbing direction 7 in the lower electrode substrate 12 are the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules. The two upper and lower electrode substrates 1 that have been subjected to the orientation treatment in this manner
1 and 12 are opposed to each other with a gap d ₁ so that the rubbing directions 6 and 7 intersect each other at approximately 180 ° to 360 °, and two electrode substrates 11 and 12 are notched for injecting liquid crystal. When a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and having a predetermined amount of an optical rotatory substance is enclosed in the gap by sealing with a frame-shaped sealant 52 having a portion 51,
The liquid crystal molecules have a helical molecular arrangement with a twist angle θ in the figure between the electrode substrates. Reference numerals 31 and 32 are transparent upper and lower electrodes made of, for example, indium oxide or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). A member that produces a birefringence effect on the upper electrode substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 60 thus configured (hereinafter referred to as a birefringence member. Fujimura et al., "ST
N-LCD retardation film ", magazine electronic material 1991
February issue, pages 37-41) 40, and upper and lower polarizing plates 15 and 16 with the member 40 and the liquid crystal cell 60 sandwiched therebetween.

The twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal 50 can take a value in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, preferably 200 ° to 300 °, but the transmittance-applied voltage curve is turned on in the vicinity of the threshold value. From a practical viewpoint of avoiding the phenomenon that the state becomes an orientation that scatters light and maintaining an excellent time division characteristic, the range of 230 degrees to 270 degrees is more preferable. This condition basically makes the response of the liquid crystal molecules to the voltage more sensitive and acts to realize excellent time division characteristics. In order to obtain excellent display quality and the refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 50 a product [Delta] n ₁ of the thickness d ₁
-D ₁ is preferably set in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.6 μm to 0.9 μm.

The birefringent member 40 acts so as to modulate the polarization state of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell 60, and converts the liquid crystal cell 60 alone, which was capable of only colored display, into black and white display. Thus the birefringent member 40 refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₂ and is extremely important product [Delta] n ₂ · d ₂ of a thickness d _2, preferably 0.8μm from 0.4 .mu.m, more preferably 0.5μm To 0.7 μm.

Further, since the liquid crystal display device 62 according to the present invention utilizes the elliptically polarized light due to the birefringence, the polarizing plate 15,
When the uniaxial transparent birefringent plate is used as the birefringent member 40, the relationship between the 16 axes and the liquid crystal alignment directions 6 and 7 of the electrode substrates 11 and 12 of the liquid crystal cell 60 is extremely important. ..

The effect of the above relationship will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows an axis of a polarizing plate, an optical axis of a uniaxial transparent birefringent member, when the liquid crystal display device having the configuration of FIG. 3 is viewed from above.
3 shows the relationship between the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecular axes of an electrode substrate of a liquid crystal cell.

In FIG. 3, 5 is the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, 6 is the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the birefringent member 40 and the upper electrode substrate 11 adjacent thereto, and 7 is the lower electrode substrate 12. The liquid crystal alignment direction, 8 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the upper polarization plate 15, 9 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the lower polarization plate 16, and the angle α is uniaxial birefringence with the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate 11. The angle β formed by the optical axis 5 of the member 40 is the angle between the absorption axis or polarization axis 8 of the upper polarizing plate 15 and the optical axis 5 of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, and the angle γ is the lower polarizing plate 16. Is the angle between the absorption axis or polarization axis 9 of the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal alignment direction 7 of the lower electrode substrate 12.

Here, how to measure the angles α, β, and γ in this specification will be defined. In FIG. 7, the intersection angle between the optical axis 5 of the birefringent member 40 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate will be described as an example. The intersection angle between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. ₂ , it can be represented by φ ₁ and φ ₂ , but in the present specification, the smaller corner of φ ₁ and φ ₂ is adopted. That is, since φ ₁ <φ ₂ in FIG. 7A, φ ₁ is the intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6,
Since φ ₁ > φ ₂ in FIG. 7B, φ ₂ is defined as an intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6. Of course, either one may be adopted when φ ₁ = φ ₂ .

In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the angles α, β and γ are extremely important.

The angle α is preferably 50 to 90 degrees, more preferably 70 to 90 degrees, the angle β is preferably 20 to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 to 60 degrees, and the angle γ is preferably. It is desirable to set each to 0 to 70 degrees, and more preferably to 0 to 50 degrees.

If the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal layer 50 of the liquid crystal cell 60 is in the range of 180 degrees to 360 degrees, the above angle is satisfied regardless of whether the twist direction 10 is clockwise or counterclockwise. α, β, and γ may be in the above range.

In FIG. 3, the birefringent member 40 is arranged between the upper polarizing plate 15 and the upper electrode substrate 11, but instead of this position, the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16 are provided.
It may be arranged between and. This case corresponds to the case where the entire configuration of FIG. 3 is inverted.

Example 1 The basic structure is the same as that shown in FIGS.
In FIG. 4, the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules is 240 degrees, and as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, a liquid crystal cell having a parallel orientation (homogeneous orientation), that is, a twist angle of 0 degree was used. Here, the ratio d / p of the thickness d (μm) of the liquid crystal layer and the helical pitch p (μm) of the liquid crystal material added with the optical rotatory substance was set to 0.67. The alignment films 21 and 22 were formed of a polyimide resin film and used after being rubbed. The alignment film that has been subjected to this rubbing treatment tilts the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the alignment film with respect to the substrate surface with a tilt angle (p
The retilt angle) is 4 degrees. The uniaxial transparent birefringent member 4
Δn ₂ · d ₂ of 0 is about 0.6 μm. On the other hand, Δn ₁ · d ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 50 having a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 240 degrees is about 0.8 μm.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 90 degrees, the angle β to about 30 degrees, and the angle γ to about 30 degrees, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 via the upper and lower electrodes 31 and 32 is increased. When the voltage is below the threshold, light non-transmission, that is, black, and when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, light transmission, that is, white and black display is realized. In addition, the axis of the lower polarizing plate 16 is 50
When rotated 90 degrees from 90 degrees, white display was realized when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 was below the threshold value, and black when the voltage was above the threshold value, which was the reverse of the above.

FIG. 5 shows a change in contrast during time-division driving at 1/200 duty when the angle α is changed in the configuration of FIG. Although the contrast was extremely high in the vicinity of the angle α of 90 °, it decreased as the angle deviated. Moreover, when the angle α becomes small, both the lit part and the non-lit part become bluish, and when the angle α becomes large, the non-lit part becomes purple and the lit part becomes yellow, and in any case black and white display is impossible. Similar results are obtained for the angle β and the angle γ, but in the case of the angle γ, as described above, when the image is rotated from 50 degrees to 90 degrees, the black and white display is reversed.

Example 2 The basic structure is the same as in Example 1. However, the liquid crystal layer 50
The twist angle of the liquid crystal molecule is 260 degrees, and Δn ₁ · d ₁ is about 0.
The difference is that the thickness is 65 μm to 0.75 μm. Δ of the parallel alignment liquid crystal layer used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40
n ₂ · d ₂ is about 0.58 μm as in the first embodiment. The ratio of the thickness d ₁ (μm) of the liquid crystal layer to the helical pitch p (μm) of the nematic liquid crystal material to which the optically active substance is added is d / p =
It was set to 0.72.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 100 degrees, the angle β to about 35 degrees, and the angle γ to about 15 degrees, the monochrome display similar to that of the first embodiment can be realized. It is also similar to the first embodiment in that the reverse black and white display is possible by rotating the position of the axis of the lower polarizing plate from the above value by 50 to 90 degrees. The tendency with respect to the deviation of the angles α, β, and γ is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.

In each of the above embodiments, a parallel alignment liquid crystal cell having no twist of liquid crystal molecules is used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, but rather a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted by about 20 to 60 degrees is used. There is less color change depending on the angle. Like the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 50, this twisted liquid crystal layer is formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates that have been subjected to the alignment treatment so that the alignment treatment directions intersect a predetermined twist angle. It In this case, the bisected direction of the two orientation treatment directions sandwiching the twisted structure of the liquid crystal molecules may be treated as the optical axis of the birefringent member. A transparent polymer film may be used as the birefringent member 40 (uniaxially stretched film is preferable at this time). In this case, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic resin film, and polycarbonate are effective as the polymer film.

Further, although the single birefringent member is used in the above embodiment, in addition to the birefringent member 40 in FIG. 3, another birefringent member is provided between the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16. It is also possible to insert a bending member. In this case, Δn ₂ · d ₂ of these birefringent members should be readjusted.

Example 3 The basic structure is the same as in Example 1. However, as shown in FIG. 8, the red, green, and blue color filters 3 are provided on the upper electrode substrate 11.
By providing the light shielding film 33D between the filters 3R, 33G, 33B and the respective filters, multicolor display is possible.

In FIG. 8, each filter 33 is
A smoothing layer 23 made of an insulating material is formed on the R, 33G, 33B, and the light shielding film 33D to reduce the influence of these irregularities, and then an upper electrode 31 and an alignment film 21 are formed.

Fourth Embodiment A liquid crystal display module 63 in which a liquid crystal display device 62 according to a third embodiment, a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal display device 62, and a light source are compactly integrated.

FIG. 9 shows an exploded perspective view thereof.
An IC (not shown) that drives the liquid crystal display device 62 is mounted on the printed board 35. The common electrode 81 of the liquid crystal display device 62 and the common electrode connection terminal 82 of the printed board 35 are electrically connected by heat sealing using a flexible cable 83. Next, the backlight 84 including the light guide, the diffusion plate, the reflection plate, and the cold cathode fluorescent lamp is mounted. Next, the interconnector 65 is attached to the printed circuit board 35.
The segment electrode connection terminal 85 is placed, and the liquid crystal display device 62 is further placed thereon. Next, the contact probe pin 72 (see FIG.
(See reference) and insert the printed circuit board 35 while checking the lighting.
The segment electrode connection terminal 85 and the segment electrode terminal 86 of the liquid crystal display device 62 are aligned. When this alignment is completed, the frame 41 is covered and the claw 86 is bent inward while being compressed to fix the whole.

Embodiment 5 The liquid crystal display module 63 according to Embodiment 4 is used in the display section of a laptop personal computer.

FIG. 10 shows the block diagram, and FIG. 11 shows the block diagram mounted on the laptop personal computer 64.
The result calculated by the microprocessor 49 is to drive the liquid crystal display module 63 by the drive IC 34 via the control LSI 48.

[0043]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The liquid crystal display device has good assembly workability, and since the interface connector removal and insertion work during assembly work, which was conventionally required, can be omitted, man-hours can be reduced and connector deformation and
Can prevent damage.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship among an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of a polarizing plate axis, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Is.

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of essential parts of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship among a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of an axis of a deflecting plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the contrast and transmitted light color-crossing angle α characteristics of the first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a relationship among an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of an axis of a deflection plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Is.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining how to measure intersection angles α, β, and γ.

FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an upper electrode substrate portion of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display module according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a laptop personal computer according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a laptop computer according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view for explaining a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

35 ... Printed circuit board, 41 ... Frame, 60 ... Liquid crystal cell, 65 ... Interconnector, 66 ... Interface connector, 67 ... Lighting confirmation through hole, 68 ... Lighting confirmation tester, 69 ... Tester connector, 70 ... Tester Cable, 71 ... Base of assembly machine, 72 ... Contact probe pin, 73 ... Left hand, 74 ... Right hand.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell and a printed circuit board electrically connected to the liquid crystal cell, and a contact electrically connected to a lighting confirmation tester and provided on a base of an assembling machine. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that a lighting confirmation through hole that can be inserted into a probe pin is provided on the printed circuit board.