JPH07175076A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the density difference in the periphery of a display part and to perform high-quality display by putting slits having approximately the same width as the width of the gaps between the respective wiring electrodes of a display part electrode group in the wiring part electrodes. CONSTITUTION:The wiring electrode group 1b of the wiring part B is constitute by forming the gaps between the respective wiring electrode groups of the wiring part electrode group 1b the same as or slightly wider than the gap between the wiring electrodes of the display part electrodes 1a' of the display part A. The slits 1c which have the approximately the same width as the gaps between the respective wiring electrodes of the display part electrode group 1a and are used for making the wiring resistance values of the many wiring constituting the wiring part electrodes uniform are formed to extend toward terminal part electrodes 1d from the ends 1a' side of the display part electrode in the wiring electrode group 1b. The slits 1c are formed short at the wiring part electrodes on the outer side where the extension length is large and long at the wiring part electrodes on the inner side where the extension length is small. As a result, the resistance values on the outer side and inner side of the wiring part electrode group 1b are adjusted to be approximately the same.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element, and more particularly, to a wiring part electrode group for connecting a large number of display part electrode groups formed in a display area and a terminal part electrode group drawn to the periphery of a substrate. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element in which light and shade are prevented from occurring on a display surface due to a difference in transmittance due to non-uniformity of arrangement density.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, a liquid crystal display device (LC) has been used as a display device as a monitor of an image reproducing apparatus or various information terminals.
The one using D) is often used.

Liquid crystal display elements are generally of the simple matrix type known as the STN type and the active matrix type using non-linear elements such as TFTs.

Hereinafter, an STN type liquid crystal display element (STN-L
CD) will be described as an example.

The conventional twisted nematic (TN) type of liquid crystal display device is a 90 ° nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes made of ITO. It has a twisted spiral structure, and a polarizing plate is arranged outside both electrode substrates so that the polarization axis (or absorption axis) is orthogonal or parallel to liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the electrode substrates. (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-13666).

In such a liquid crystal display device having a twist angle (α) of 90 degrees, there are problems in the steepness (γ) of changes in the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer versus the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer and in the viewing angle characteristics. ,
The number of time divisions (corresponding to the number of scanning electrodes) was 64, which was a practical limit. However, in order to cope with the recent demands for improving the image quality and increasing the display information amount for liquid crystal display elements, the twist angle α of the liquid crystal molecules is set to be larger than 180 degrees, and the birefringence effect is utilized to improve the time-division driving characteristics. To increase the number of time divisions is applied Physics Letter 45, No.1
0,1021 1984 (Applied Physics Letter, TJScheffer, J.
Nehring: "A new, highly multiplexable liquidcrystal
display ") and a super twisted birefringence effect (SBE) liquid crystal display device has been proposed.

[0007]

In this type of liquid crystal display element, a pair of electrode substrates (hereinafter, simply referred to as substrates) arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal layer (hereinafter simply referred to as liquid crystal) interposed therebetween, A large number of display electrode groups in the display area of the surface of at least one of the pair of substrates that contacts the liquid crystal,
This display electrode group is arranged in a plurality of blocks from the display area at a higher density than the display electrode group, and is drawn out to the periphery of the substrate via the wiring electrode group. Combined with. Each block of the terminal electrode group is connected to a tape carrier package having a drive IC called TCP via an anisotropic conductor or the like.

The wiring part electrode group of each block is formed in an inverted fan-shaped pattern from the display part electrode side toward the terminal part electrode side (a fan shape from the terminal part electrode side toward the display part electrode side). .

Therefore, the electrodes on both outer sides of the inverted fan shape are longer than the electrodes on the central portion, and their resistance values are larger than those on the inner (central portion) in proportion to the length of the electrodes. Becomes

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a main part for explaining a structure in the vicinity of a wiring part of a conventional liquid crystal display element, where A is a display part and B is a display part.
Is a wiring portion, C is a terminal portion, DD is a parting plate position, 1a is a display portion electrode group, 1a 'is an end portion of the display portion electrode, 1b is a wiring portion electrode group, 1d is a terminal portion electrode group, and arrow e -E is the display area direction.

In FIG. 1, the conventional liquid crystal display element is
The wiring portion electrode group 1b extends in an inverted fan shape from the end portion 1a ′ of the display portion electrode group 1a to the terminal portion electrode group 1d, and the line widths of the wiring portion electrode group 1b are all the same or the resistance values thereof are different from each other. The width is made different according to the length to make it uniform.
In the figure, the long electrode on the outer side is wide, and the width is narrower according to the length which becomes shorter toward the inner side.

In the electrode arrangement of the wiring part electrode group as described above,
As shown in the figure, there is an electrode-free portion between the wiring portion electrode group 1b adjacent to the display portion electrode group 1a, and the transmittance and Δ
Since n · d is different from the part where the electrode is present and this is located closer to the display part than the parting plate position D, the light and shade generated in this part is conspicuous.

The drive L connected to the terminal electrode group 1d
Each of the TCPs mounted with SI handles 80 to 100 terminals as one block, and the terminal pitch is about 0.2 mm smaller than that of the display block electrode group.

Therefore, when the widths of the electrodes of the wiring portion are the same, as shown in FIG. 16, they are densely and roughly arranged from the terminal portion C toward the display portion A like a fan bone. Also,
In order to equalize the wiring resistance, the width of the outer terminal of the terminals corresponding to one TCP is wide because the distance to the display section A is long, and the width of the terminal in the center is the distance to the display section A. Narrow because it is short. Therefore, the wiring becomes denser → coarser → denser from the outside of the terminal portion → the center → the outside.

Generally, a glass substrate with an electrode has a transmittance of 90.
%, The electrode film thickness (ITO film thickness) is 0.1 to
0.2 μm (low resistance ITO used for STN-LCD
As described above, a large difference occurs in the transmittance and Δn · d depending on the presence or absence of the electrode.

Therefore, the density of the electrodes is
In the negative mode, which is the mainstream of N-LCDs, there is a problem in that the display quality deteriorates due to the light and shade of brightness (in the case of color, the light and shade of hue) on the outer periphery of the display unit.

The TN-LCD is not limited to the above, and the T
Similar problems occur in active matrix LCDs such as FT type.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a liquid crystal display element capable of performing high quality display by eliminating the light and shade due to the density of the wiring part electrodes around the display part. To provide.

[0019]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention forms a gap between wirings of a wiring portion electrode group to be equal to or slightly wider than a wiring gap of a display portion electrode group. A slit is formed in the electrode group, and the resistance value of each wiring is adjusted to be uniform depending on the length or shape of the slit.

That is, according to the present invention, a pair of substrates arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and a large number of display electrodes formed in a display region of a surface of at least one of the pair of substrates in contact with the liquid crystal. Group and the display area of the display electrode group, the terminal area electrodes arranged at a higher density than the display area electrode group and drawn out to the periphery of the substrate through the wiring area electrode group. In the liquid crystal display element having a group, a gap between the wiring electrodes of the wiring section electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display section electrode group, and the wiring section electrode group includes the display section. It is characterized in that it has at least one slit having a width substantially the same as the gap between the wiring electrodes of the electrode group and for equalizing the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring part electrode group. .

Further, according to the present invention, a pair of substrates arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal interposed, and a large number of display electrodes formed in a display region of a surface of at least one of the pair of substrates in contact with the liquid crystal. Group, and terminal section electrode groups that are arranged from each of the display areas of the display section electrode group at a higher density than the arrangement density of the display section electrode group and are drawn out to the periphery of the substrate through the wiring section electrode group. In the liquid crystal display element having, the gap between the wiring electrodes of the wiring part electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display part electrode group, and the display part electrode is provided in the wiring part electrode group. The wiring group has at least one slit having a width substantially the same as the gap between the wiring electrodes and uniformizing the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring part electrode group, and the slit is branched by the slit. Characterized in that the wiring portion electrode portion and the dummy electrode group was.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the slits provided in the wiring electrode group extend from the display-side electrode group-side end toward the terminal-electrode group.

Furthermore, the present invention is characterized in that the slit provided in the wiring part electrode is formed in a direction intersecting with the extending direction of the wiring part electrode.

[0024]

[Function] The gap between the wiring electrodes of the wiring electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display electrode group,
A slit with a width approximately the same as the gap between the wiring electrodes of the display electrode group is inserted in this wiring electrode, and the length of this slit is adjusted to be short for long wiring and long for short wiring. By doing so, the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring portion electrodes are made uniform.

Further, the gap between the wiring electrodes of the wiring electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display electrode group, and this wiring portion electrode is approximately equal to the gap between the wiring electrodes of the display electrode group. By inserting slits having the same width and leaving the wiring portion electrode portion branched by this slit as a dummy electrode, the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring portion electrode are made uniform and By leaving it as a dummy electrode, the Δn · d of this portion is secured and the shading of the brightness is prevented.

Furthermore, slits can be easily formed by extending slits to be inserted in the wiring portion electrodes from the terminal end on the display portion electrode side in the direction of the terminal portion electrodes or in a direction intersecting the extending direction of the wiring portion electrodes. .

[0027]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the vicinity of a wiring portion for explaining a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
Is a display part, B is a wiring part, C is a terminal part, D is a parting plate position, 1a is a display part electrode, 1a ′ is an end part of the display part electrode, 1a
Reference numeral b is a wiring electrode, 1b 'is a dummy electrode, 1c is a slit, 1d is a terminal electrode, and arrow ee is a display area direction.

In the figure, the wiring electrode group 1b of the wiring portion B
Is the display portion electrode 1a ′ of the display portion A to the wiring portion electrode group 1b.
The gap between the respective wiring electrodes is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display electrode group 1a.

In order to make the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings that have the wiring part electrode group 1b substantially the same width as the inter-wiring electrode gaps of the display part electrode group 1a, the wiring resistance values are made uniform. The slit 1c of the end portion 1 of the display electrode
It is formed by extending from the a'side in the direction of the terminal electrode 1d.

The slit 1c is formed so as to have a short outer wiring electrode having a long extension length and a long inner wiring electrode having a short extension length. As a result, the resistance values outside and inside the wiring electrode 1b are adjusted to be substantially the same.

Since the slits 1c are formed to have almost the same width as the gap width of the display electrode group, and the density of the wiring electrode group 1b is reduced, the wiring electrode group 1b is reduced.
The difference between the transmittance and Δn · d depending on the presence or absence of is reduced.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the lightness and darkness of the brightness in the display area and obtain a liquid crystal display element of high display quality.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an essential part for explaining a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 correspond to the same parts, 1 being a lower substrate and 2 being an upper part. Substrate, 2
a is an upper electrode group, 3 is a liquid crystal, and 4 is a sealing part.

In the figure, the liquid crystal display device includes a lower substrate 1 having a lower electrode group (display electrode group 1a, wiring electrode group 1b, terminal electrode group 1d) and an upper substrate having an upper electrode group 2a. The liquid crystal 3 is sandwiched between the two and sealed by the sealing portion 4.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, the wiring portion electrode group formed by the slits is formed in the wiring portion B, so that the unevenness of the transmittance and the difference of Δn · d are reduced, and the brightness of the light and shade is reduced. Is reduced.

Further, since the wiring portion electrode group is arranged substantially evenly in the sealing portion 4, the gap between the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 2 facing each other can be kept uniform.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the vicinity of a wiring portion for explaining one embodiment of the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 correspond to the same portions.

In the figure, the pitch of the terminal electrodes 1d is 0.22 mm, the width thereof is 0.1 mm, and the number of terminals, that is, 1
The number of output terminals of each TCP is 100, the pitch of the display dots, that is, the display electrode 1a is 0.3 mm, and the width thereof is 0.
26 mm, the gap between display dots is 0.04 mm, and the distance between the terminal portion and the dots, that is, the distance between the terminal portion 1 d and the display electrode is 4 mm.

The dimension based on the above numerical values is as shown. For convenience of explanation, the relative size of the figure is deformed.

Here, the length of the first terminal electrode (= 100th terminal electrode) is l ₁ , and the 50th terminal electrode (= 5).
If the first length of the terminal electrodes) and l _50, the wiring distance between the first terminal electrode and the 50th terminal electrodes, l ₅₀
/ L ₁ = 0.708. The wiring width of the _first terminal electrode (= 100th terminal electrode) is w ₁ , the wiring width of the 50th terminal electrode (= 51st terminal electrode) is w ₅₀ , and the wiring resistance The wiring width ratio is w ₁ /
Let w ₅₀ = 0.708.

The wiring of the I portion in the figure is the tightest,
The minimum wiring electrode distance is 0.04, which is the same as the dot gap.
If it is attempted to secure the width of mm, w ₁ will be about 0.14 mm. Therefore, w ₅₀ for equalizing the wiring resistance value is about 0.10 mm.

W _{2 to} w ₄₉ (w _{52 to} w ₉₉ ) are also 0.14 to
The width is assigned by the inverse ratio of the length of the wiring part electrode between 0.110.

Before applying the present invention under the above conditions, and when applying the present invention with the slit width set to 0.04 mm and the wiring section electrode distance set to 0.04 mm, the portion I of FIG. 3 of the wiring section electrode group , II portion, and III portion density ratio (planar density ratio) is as follows.

↓ ↓ I / II 1.33 1.09 II / III 0.63 1.15 As described above, the density ratios of the respective parts are substantially equal, and there is a difference in the transmittance of the wiring part and Δn · d. It almost disappears.

Therefore, the brightness of the wiring portion does not vary, and it is possible to obtain a high-quality image display that is easy to see.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the vicinity of the wiring portion for explaining the second embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention, in which the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 correspond to the same portions, and 1c 'is a closed slit. Is.

In this embodiment, the slit 1c 'is formed in a direction corresponding to the electrode length of the wiring portion electrode group 1b in the extending direction of the wiring portion electrode.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the vicinity of the wiring portion for explaining the third embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 correspond to the same portions, and 1c ″ is a slit. .

In this embodiment, the slit 1c "is formed in a direction corresponding to the electrode length of the wiring portion electrode group 1b in a direction intersecting with the wiring portion electrode.

In any of the above-mentioned embodiments, since the wiring density of the wiring part electrode group 1b is reduced, the wiring part electrode group 1b
The difference in transmittance and Δn · d depending on the presence or absence of b is reduced.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the lightness and darkness of the brightness in the display area and obtain a liquid crystal display element of high display quality.

A detailed example of a specific liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied will be described below.

FIG. 6 shows an arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules (for example, a rubbing direction), a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a polarization axis (or absorption axis) direction of a polarizing plate, and birefringence when the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is viewed from above. It is explanatory drawing of the optical axis direction of the member which produces an effect.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view for explaining the structure of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, in which 60 is the liquid crystal display element 3 according to the present invention.

Twisting direction 10 of liquid crystal molecules and twist angle θ
Is the rubbing direction 6 of the alignment film 21 on the upper substrate 2, the rubbing direction 7 of the alignment film 22 on the lower substrate 1, and the optical rotatory substance added to the nematic liquid crystal 3 sandwiched between the upper substrate 2 and the lower substrate 1. Specified by the type and amount of.

In FIG. 7, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules so as to form a spiral structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted between the upper and lower substrates 2 and 1 holding the liquid crystal 3, the upper and lower substrates 2 and 1 are A so-called rubbing method, which is a method of rubbing the surfaces of the alignment films 21 and 22 made of an organic polymer resin such as polyimide in contact with the liquid crystal with a cloth in one direction, is used. The rubbing direction at this time, that is, the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction in the upper substrate 2 and the rubbing direction 7 in the lower substrate 1 are the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules.

On the two sheets thus oriented,
The lower substrates 1 and 2 are opposed to each other with a gap d ₁ so that the rubbing directions 6 and 7 intersect each other at approximately 180 to 360 degrees, and the two substrates 1 and 2 are cut to inject liquid crystal. When a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and having a predetermined amount of optical rotatory substance added is sealed in the space by bonding with a frame-shaped sealant 52 having a notch 51, liquid crystal molecules are shown between the electrode substrates in the figure. The molecular arrangement is a helical structure having a twist angle θ of. 2a and 1d (including 1a and 1b in FIG. 1) are upper and lower electrodes, respectively.

The liquid crystal display device 6 thus constructed
A member (hereinafter, referred to as a birefringent member) 40 for providing a birefringence effect is disposed on the upper side of the upper substrate 2 of 0, and the upper and lower polarization plates 15, 15 sandwiching the member 40 and the liquid crystal display element 60, 16 are provided.

The twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal 3 is preferably 200 to 300 degrees, but it is excellent because it avoids the phenomenon that the lighting state near the threshold value of the transmittance-applied voltage curve is an orientation that scatters light. From the practical viewpoint of maintaining the time division characteristic, the range of 230 degrees to 270 degrees is more preferable. This condition basically makes the response of the liquid crystal molecules to the voltage more sensitive and acts to realize excellent time division characteristics. In order to obtain excellent display quality, the product [Delta] n ₁ · d ₁ of the refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₁ and a thickness d ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 3 is preferably from the 0.5 [mu] m 1.0 micron
m, more preferably 0.6 μm to 0.9 μm, but not limited thereto.

The birefringent member 40 acts so as to modulate the polarization state of the light passing through the liquid crystal display element 3, and converts what could only be colored display by the liquid crystal display element 3 into black and white display. is there. To this end, the birefringent member 4
The product of the anisotropic refractive index Δn _{2 of} 0 and its thickness d ₂ Δn ₂ · d
₂ is very important, preferably from 0.4 μm to 0.
The thickness is set to 8 μm, more preferably 0.5 μm to 0.7 μm. However, it is not limited to this.

Further, since the liquid crystal display device 62 uses the elliptically polarized light due to the birefringence, the axes of the polarizing plates 15 and 16 are
When a uniaxial transparent birefringent plate is used as the birefringent member 40, the relationship between its optical axis and the liquid crystal alignment directions 6 and 7 of the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 of the liquid crystal display element is extremely important.

Next, returning to FIG. 6, the function and effect of the above relationship will be described. This figure shows the relationship between the axis of the polarizing plate, the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member, and the liquid crystal alignment direction of the substrate of the liquid crystal display element when the liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 is viewed from above. It is a thing.

In FIG. 7, 5 is the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, 6 is the liquid crystal alignment direction of the birefringent member 40 and the upper substrate 2 adjacent thereto, and 7 is the liquid crystal alignment of the lower substrate 1. Direction, 8 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the upper polarizing plate 15, the angle α is the angle between the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper substrate 2 and the optical axis 5 of the uniaxial birefringent member 40, and the angle β is the upper polarization. The angle γ between the absorption axis or polarization axis 8 of the plate 15 and the optical axis 5 of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is the lower polarizing plate 16
Is the angle between the absorption axis or polarization axis 9 of the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal alignment direction 7 of the lower electrode substrate 12.

Here, a method of measuring the angles α, β and γ will be defined.

FIG. 10 shows the angle α formed between the liquid crystal alignment direction of the upper substrate and the optical axis of the uniaxial birefringent member, the absorption axis or the polarization axis of the upper polarizing plate, and the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship between an angle β formed and an angle γ formed between the absorption axis or the polarization axis of the lower polarizing plate and the liquid crystal alignment direction of the lower electrode substrate.

In the figure, the optical axis 5 of the birefringent member 40 is
An intersection angle between the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper substrate 2 and the liquid crystal will be described as an example.

The intersection angle between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 is shown in FIG.
Although it can be expressed by φ ₁ and φ ₂ as shown in FIG. ₁ , the smaller angle of φ ₁ and φ ₂ is adopted here. That is, since φ ₁ <φ ₂ in FIG. 11A, φ ₁ is an intersection angle between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6, and in FIG. 11B, φ ₁ > φ ₂ . From
Let φ ₂ be the angle of intersection between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6. Of course, either _one may be adopted when φ ₁ = φ ₂ .

In this type of liquid crystal display device, the angles α, β and γ are extremely important. The angle α is preferably 5
0 to 90 degrees, more preferably 70 to 90 degrees,
The angle β is preferably 20 to 70 degrees, more preferably 30 to 60 degrees, and the angle γ is preferably 0 to 70 degrees.
It is desirable to set the angle to 0 degree, more preferably to 0 degree to 50 degree.

If the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal 3 of the liquid crystal display element 60 is in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, the above angle α is set regardless of whether the twist direction 10 is clockwise or counterclockwise. , Β, γ may be within the above range.

In FIG. 7, the birefringent member 40 is arranged between the upper polarizing plate 15 and the upper substrate 2, but instead of this, it is arranged between the lower substrate 1 and the lower polarizing plate 16. May be. In this case, the entire configuration of FIG. 7 is inverted.

Specific examples of the above-mentioned axis angles will be described below.

[Specific Example 1] FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of a specific example 1 of the axial configuration of the liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied, and the basic structure is the same as that shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. In the figure, the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules is 240 degrees, and as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, a liquid crystal cell having a parallel orientation (homogeneous orientation), that is, a twist angle of 0 degree was used. Here, the ratio d / p between the thickness d (μm) of the liquid crystal 3 and the helical pitch p (μm) of the liquid crystal material added with the optical rotatory substance was set to about 0.53. The alignment films 21 and 22 were formed of a polyimide resin film and used after being rubbed. The tilt angle (pretilt angle) at which the alignment film subjected to the rubbing process causes the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the alignment film to be tilted with respect to the substrate surface is about 4 degrees. Δn ₂ · d ₂ of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is about 0.6 μm.
On the other hand, Δn of the liquid crystal 3 in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 240 degrees
₁ · d ₁ is about 0.8 μm.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 90 degrees, the angle β to about 30 degrees, and the angle γ to about 30 degrees, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal 3 via the upper and lower electrodes 2a and 1d becomes a threshold value. In the following cases, light non-transmission, that is, black, and when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, light transmission, that is, white and black display can be realized. Further, when the axis of the lower polarizing plate 16 is rotated from the above position by 50 to 90 degrees, when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 is below the threshold value, it is white, and when the voltage is above the threshold value, it is black. Black and white display was realized.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of the contrast change at the time division drive with 1/200 duty when the angle α is changed in the axis configuration of FIG.

In the figure, the contrast which is extremely high in the vicinity of the angle α of 90 degrees decreases as it deviates from this angle. Moreover, when the angle α becomes small, both the lit part and the non-lit part become bluish, and when the angle α becomes large, the non-lit part becomes purple and the lit part becomes yellow, and in any case black and white display is impossible. Similar results are obtained for the angle β and the angle γ, but in the case of the angle γ, when the image is rotated from 50 degrees to 90 degrees, the opposite black and white display is performed.

"Specific Example 2" The basic structure is the same as in "Specific Example 1".
Is the same as. However, the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal 3 is 260 degrees, and Δn ₁ · d ₁ is about 0.65 μm to 0.75 μm.
The difference is m. The Δn ₂ · d ₂ of the parallel alignment liquid crystal layer used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is about 0.58 μm, which is the same as in “Specific Example 1”.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 100 degrees, the angle β to about 35 degrees, and the angle γ to about 15 degrees, the black and white display similar to the "concrete example 1" can be realized. Also, the reverse black-and-white display is possible by rotating the position of the axis of the lower polarizing plate from the above value by 50 to 90 degrees, which is also the same as in "Specific example 1". The inclinations of the angles α, β, and γ with respect to the deviation are almost the same as in “Specific Example 1”.

In each of the specific examples described above, a parallel alignment liquid crystal display element having no twist of liquid crystal molecules is used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, but a liquid crystal having twisted liquid crystal molecules of about 20 to 60 degrees is used. There is less color change depending on the angle. Like the liquid crystal 3, the twisted liquid crystal is formed by sandwiching the liquid crystal between the substrates in which the alignment treatment directions of the pair of transparent substrates subjected to the alignment treatment intersect the predetermined twist angle. In this case, the bisected angle of the two alignment treatment directions sandwiching the twisted structure of the liquid crystal molecules may be treated as the optical axis of the birefringent member.

A transparent polymer film may be used as the birefringent member 40 (uniaxially stretched film is preferable at this time). In this case, as the polymer film, PET
(Polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic resin, polycarbonate, etc. are effective.

Further, although the single birefringent member is used in the above-mentioned specific example, in FIG.
In addition to this, another birefringent member can be inserted between the lower substrate 1 and the lower polarizing plate 16. In this case, Δn ₂ · d ₂ of these birefringent members may be readjusted.

"Specific example 3" The basic structure is the same as that of "specific example 1". However, as shown in FIG. 12, red, green, and blue color filters 33R, 33G, 33B,
By providing the light shielding film 33D between the filters, multicolor display is possible.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship among the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, the twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, the direction of the axis of the polarizing plate, and the optical axis of the birefringent member in "Specific Example 3".

In FIG. 12, a smoothing layer 23 made of an insulating material is formed on each of the color filters 33R, 33G, 33B and the light-shielding film 33D to reduce the influence of these irregularities. The upper electrode 31 and the alignment film 21 are formed.

"Specific Example 4" In this example, the liquid crystal display device 62 of "Specific Example 3", a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal display device 62, and a light source are compactly integrated into a liquid crystal display module 63. (FIG. 13).

FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of the same. A driving IC 34 for driving the liquid crystal display device 62 has one terminal on a frame-shaped printed circuit board 35 having a window portion for fitting the liquid crystal display device 62 in the center. It is mounted on the TCP that connects the groups.
The other terminal group of the TCP is connected to a terminal electrode group (see FIG. 1) drawn around the lower substrate 1 of the liquid crystal display element. The configuration of the present invention is applied to the wiring electrode group interposed between the display electrode group and the terminal electrode group in order to connect the terminal group.

The printed circuit board 35 in which the liquid crystal display element 62 is fitted is a frame-shaped body 42 formed by plastic molding.
The frame 41 is fixed to the frame-shaped body 42 by fitting the metal frame 41 on it and bending the claws 43 into the notches 44 formed in the frame-shaped body 42.

A cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36 disposed at the upper and lower ends of the liquid crystal display device 62, a light guide 37 made of an acrylic plate for uniformly irradiating the liquid crystal display element 60 with light from the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36, A reflection plate 38 formed by applying white paint to a metal plate and a milky white diffusion plate 39 for diffusing the light from the light guide 37 are fitted into the window portion from the back side of the frame-shaped body 42 in the order of FIG. .

An inverter power supply circuit (not shown) for lighting the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36 faces a recess 45 (not shown in the drawing) provided on the back side of the frame-shaped body 42 on the right side. It is stored in (1). Diffuser 39, light guide 3
7, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36 and the reflector 38 are the reflector 38
It is fixed by bending the tongue piece 46 provided in the inside of the small opening 47 provided in the frame-shaped body 42.

The liquid crystal display module 63 of "concrete example 5" and "concrete example 4" is used for the display section of a laptop personal computer. FIG. 14 shows the block diagram, and FIG. 15 shows a state where the block diagram is mounted on the laptop personal computer 64. The liquid crystal display module is driven by the driving IC 34 via the control LSI 48 based on the result calculated by the microprocessor 49.

As described in each of the above specific examples, the liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied can reduce the lightness and darkness of the brightness in the display area, and can obtain a liquid crystal display element of high display quality.

Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned STN type liquid crystal display element, but can be applied to what is called a TFT type active matrix type liquid crystal display element.

[0093]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The inter-wiring electrode gap of the wiring section electrode group interposed between the display section electrode group and the terminal section electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display section electrode group, and the display section electrode group is formed on this wiring section electrode. A wiring part electrode is formed by inserting a slit having a width substantially the same as the gap between each wiring electrode of (1) and adjusting the length of this slit to be short for long wiring and long for short wiring. The wiring resistance values of many wirings are made uniform.

By leaving the wiring portion electrode portion branched by the slit as a dummy electrode, the wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring portion electrode can be made uniform, and the wiring portion electrode portion can be left as the dummy electrode. Δn of this part
It is possible to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of high-quality image display in which d is ensured and brightness is prevented from varying.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram in the vicinity of a wiring portion for explaining a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part for explaining a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram in the vicinity of a wiring portion illustrating one specific example of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram in the vicinity of a wiring portion for explaining a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram in the vicinity of a wiring portion for explaining a third embodiment of the liquid crystal display element according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 shows an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules (for example, a rubbing direction), a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a polarization axis (or absorption axis) direction of a polarizing plate, and a birefringence effect when the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is viewed from above. It is explanatory drawing of the optical axis direction of the member to bring.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view for explaining the configuration of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a specific example 1 of a shaft configuration of a liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied.

9 is 1 / when the angle α is changed in the axis configuration of FIG.
It is explanatory drawing of the contrast change at the time division drive with 200 duty.

FIG. 10 is an angle α formed between the liquid crystal alignment direction of the upper substrate and the optical axis of the uniaxial birefringent member, an absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate or an angle formed between the polarizing axis and the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between β and the absorption axis or polarization axis of the lower polarizing plate and the angle γ formed by the liquid crystal alignment direction of the lower electrode substrate. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram of a relationship among an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of an axis of a polarizing plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in “Specific Example 3”.

FIG. 11 is an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in “Specific Example 3”,
It is explanatory drawing of the relationship of the twist direction of a liquid crystal molecule, the direction to the axis | shaft of a polarizing plate, and the optical axis of a birefringent member.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory view of a main part of a specific example in which the present invention is applied to a color liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 13 is a developed perspective view of a liquid crystal display module to which the present invention is applied.

14 is a block diagram of a laptop personal computer using the liquid crystal display module shown in FIG. 13 for a display unit.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the external appearance of a laptop personal computer that realizes the configuration shown in FIG.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a main part for explaining a configuration near a wiring part of a conventional liquid crystal display element.

[Explanation of symbols]

 A display portion B wiring portion C terminal portion D parting plate position 1a display portion electrode 1a 'display portion electrode end portion 1b wiring portion electrode 1b' dummy electrode 1c slit 1d terminal portion electrode ee display area direction 1 lower substrate 2 upper Substrate 2a Upper electrode group 3 Liquid crystal 4 Sealing part.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] January 23, 1995

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 1

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 1]

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Figure 3

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Figure 3]

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Correction target item name] Fig. 16

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

FIG. 16

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A pair of substrates arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, and a large number of display section electrode groups formed in a display section region of a surface of at least one of the pair of substrates which is in contact with the liquid crystal, From each of the display section regions of the display section electrode group, a terminal section electrode group that is arranged at a higher density than the arrangement density of the display section electrode group and is drawn out through the wiring section electrode group around the substrate. In the liquid crystal display device having, the wiring electrode gap of each wiring electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display electrode group, and each wiring electrode of each display electrode group is formed on the wiring electrode. A liquid crystal display device having at least one slit having a width substantially the same as a gap between wiring electrodes and for equalizing wiring resistance values of a large number of wirings forming the wiring portion electrodes. 2. A pair of substrates arranged to face each other with a liquid crystal interposed therebetween, a large number of display section electrode groups formed in a display region of a surface of at least one of the pair of substrates in contact with the liquid crystal, A liquid crystal having a terminal portion electrode group which is arranged from each of the display areas of the display portion electrode group at a higher density than the arrangement density of the display portion electrode group and is drawn out around the substrate through the wiring portion electrode group. In the display element, the inter-wiring electrode gap of the wiring section electrode group is formed to be the same as or slightly wider than that of the display section electrode group, and each wiring electrode of the display section electrode group is formed on the wiring section electrode. The wiring portion electrode portion having approximately the same width as the inter-gap and having at least one slit for equalizing the wiring resistance values of the plurality of wirings forming the wiring portion electrode, and being branched by the slit. A liquid crystal display element, characterized in that a minute electrode is used as a dummy electrode. 3. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a slit provided in the wiring part electrode extends from the terminal end on the display part electrode side toward the terminal part electrode. 4. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the slits provided in the wiring portion electrodes are formed in a direction intersecting with an extending direction of the wiring portion electrodes.