JPH05507247A - Mooring and marine anchor systems - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Mooring and marine anchor systems [Industrial application fields] The invention provides a permanent anchorage for floating objects such as floating bridges, floating dogs, buoys and boats. It is related to a system for retaining water, and basically consists of 1. Underwater connecting rope length, 2. special anchors, and 3. It consists of a floating object to be moored and a connecting member. Ru.

[Background of the invention] On land, we wonder how to properly secure various objects and safely attach them. You will have a solid understanding of whether it can be fastened with a linker. f-6-r-1 -6-j -n-i-n-g is the Swedish word It's a word. That combination of words provides all we need. Ru. This means that it is "fixed, but can also be expanded at the same time."

If you are trying to fix a floating object to a single, completely immovable anchoring device, It's not hard to imagine what would happen. The weight of the anchor on the seabed is If it is equal to or less than the buoyancy force exerted on an object by Dess's principle, then the opposite It is lighter and follows the movement of the object caused by changes in sea level or waves. That's what happens. A solid anchor whose weight exceeds the buoyant force that affects floating objects. The Kerr device uses waves to make objects lighter. Therefore used for mooring and ships Anchoring devices are resilient or spring-powered in some sense. There must be. In water it is immediately exposed to corrosive effects. Movable parts of mooring equipment Friction will occur over time, making rigid anchoring devices unusable.

In the early 19th century, an iron rope called an iron rope was used to connect the bow of a steamship to an anchor. Strong, flexible chains replaced less flexible hemp ropes. Since then this is still used on ships today. The length of one rope is the depth of the water where you anchor. It is quite long, usually 3 to 5 times the depth of the water. on the anchor chain itself Because of its weight, it hangs in a parabolic curve from the anchor on the ocean floor to the ship on the surface. There is. This automatically provides the desired spring effect. Anchor side pull The force is directed diagonally to the seabed at an angle that increases the anchoring effect. Even more dangerous principles According to the law of sine for the perpendicular water depth, we can see that from the ship on the sea surface to the anchor on the seabed. The smaller the angle of the straight line distance to the I can't stand it anymore. Therefore, the same method is still very simply used for permanent anchoring devices. Ru. The ship's anchor is made of natural stone threaded through a steel loop and made of concrete. It will be replaced with an imitation stone. However, at the same time, the loop provided in the center Therefore, many wear points occur (see Figure 3). Quite far away from the floating dog When lowering the anchor to This can increase the spring effect. To suppress the swing width in narrow spaces Rather, this is necessary in shallow water where the chain is short and the weight is relatively light. Ru. For example, when a connecting rope is stretched due to a storm, floating objects are linked to the lifting force of waves. The maximum load of the anchor is exerted when it is simultaneously caught in the wave moment. . Vessels put weight on their anchors and maintain a moving attitude; for example, floating vessels The permanent mooring of the boat will be determined at this time.

However, the chain part always corrodes in water. Iron is a metal that easily oxidizes. 1 For more than 00 years, galvanizing has been the best surface coating method to protect steel. has been used. This method will not be used for some time on land under normal atmospheric conditions. It will probably happen. - In power water, the electrolyte water and steel material react and immediately A current is generated.

This electrochemical reaction affects the iron, which oxidizes and begins porous corrosion.

First of all, corrosion generates an electric current that destroys the surface; A local voltage is generated on the surface under an electrolyte environment in which zinc is lightly deposited on the regulatory chain. It is the same as creating a flow. As long as zinc remains, iron can undergo electrochemical treatment. protected. This corrosion occurs as soon as the anchor chain enters the water, which generates an electric current. begins immediately and the iron continues to oxidize as the zinc is consumed. Add a strong salt solution When the electrolyte is exposed to water, more current is generated in the electrolyte, speeding up the reaction, and as a result, the durability time is shortened. The layers become shorter. When various metal substances are combined, each produces a charged element that can be tuned. Metallic substances lightly attached to the chain will oxidize more quickly. begins rapidly underwater Vegetation growth also causes more and more electrolysis to occur around the anchor chain, which Corrosion seems to be accelerated by From what I mentioned above, the same thing is true for anchor stones. It also applies to iron loops that serve as chain holds.

Deterioration of the material by more than 20% will change the entire length of the chain. Also a If the anchor loop deteriorates prematurely, the entire anchor may need to be changed. baltic sea In water, a 1/2-inch thick material will last five to six years and should be used frequently. Inspections are conducted based on the principle that if the must be done.

Eliminate these inconvenient and costly drawbacks of today's anchoring equipment The goal is to find a common solution to create something that is actually functional. It is only through a combination of effort and the mindset that this is the most important issue that ship anchor equipment can be developed. A system of placement was developed.

[Summary of the invention] The external requirements for marine anchor systems for bridges and boats vary depending on the location.

If the ocean floor is flat or sloping, it may contain anything from soft mud to rock. It consists of Anchoring in a secluded cove or navigable waterway It is desirable that the Floating objects at anchor, such as ships, are exposed to wind, water currents, waves, and waves. It depends on the influence material. Of course, various large floating objects have different dimensions. Requires a suitable anchoring device. Uses several anchoring devices and fixing bridges Some types do, while others require only a simple swinging buoy.

Of course, there are various demands, especially the need to manage underwater facility components. It arises. The capabilities of anchor equipment vary, and depending on these conditions, Adaptation to changes in type and special requirements is required. In the present invention, the connecting row The materials used for the three elements: the anchor, the anchor, and the connection method to the moored floating object specifically selected and tailored to manage special ship environments.

Generally speaking, the anchor system is designed to meet these special requirements, as well as the needs of the bridge owner. We aim to save money by using materials that are defined according to the requirements of the crew and captain, and at the lowest possible price. It is composed of many combinations. In other words, it was originally used, but is no longer used. Reuse materials that have become waste or have become a serious waste problem. This is because they are doing so. The mooring system of the present invention is commonly used outside the Stockholm archipelago. It is a simple standard system that is suitable for any environment.

For details on the specifications for external corrosion prevention, see The anchor device should be installed in a way that is most suitable for the conditions of the location, so that the anchoring device can handle the exposed water etc. Demonstrate diversity in this way.

[Brief explanation of the drawing] Figure 1 shows the overall view of the system of the invention, with two permanent anchors on the floating bridge, one on the The other end is connected to the bridge hold of the single winch, and the other end is connected to the course chain for connection. It is tied.

Figure 2 shows details of the system of the invention, where the anchor is used as an external jerk adjuster. It is the same height as the smaller connected anchor.

Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the system of the present invention, showing a large fixed loop and a How the mooring device avoids the wear of the anchor stone by one rubber loop It shows.

[Explanation of Examples] The present invention consists of three basic components as described above, the first component is the anchor and the sea surface. This is the length of the rope that connects the floating object at anchor. Traditional thick hemp rope has moisture It inhales and rots. On the other hand, although there is a weight, flexible chains corrode. In recent years, joint Ropes made of synthetic resin have appeared, and long fibers are used to make rope yarns that are pulled. Products have been developed that can sustain power. Of course, long natural fibers (hemp, Manila hemp, etc.) However, if you wish, you can make synthetic fibers similar to silk. I can do it. Ropes made of synthetic fibers are more than twice as strong, and have lower weight and dimensions. Can be selected arbitrarily. The amount of moisture absorbed underwater remains the same. For waterproofing measures Therefore, excess water must be easily removed, but 11 synthetic fibers are water resistant.

It is not eroded by living things. Will not rot or grow mold . If the tensile strength is the same, the quality is durable and will not corrode for a considerable period of time. It has to be something. Synthetic compared to galvanized products per meter The product price is about 60% cheaper. However, only flexible mooring materials remain underwater. The layout must be carefully considered so that it hangs down. The woven belt is also open. This encouraged its use as a mooring member. Chain with tensile strength of 0.5 inch The same woven belt as the belt does not need to be wider than 50mm. car safety belt, cargo This type of belt is used for ropes, etc. Woven belt is plain knit or 2 With heavy slings, the seam is always at an angle toward the warp, and there is a constant relationship: number of stitches/c According to m x length of seam x number of seams x tensile strength of yarn xo, 85 (loss factor) woven. By using a double sling, it is possible to change belts at sea, and It can withstand being dragged around here and there. The belt is most important when moving up and down. Place plastic fag stock in contact areas to prevent wear and tear. Protected by a king or something like that.

The second of the three basic members is the anchor. According to the standard, this is an imitation stone, i.e. It is a concrete stone (see Figure 2). Here we have rubber tires, for example a completely normal car Skeletons of both tires are depicted, but these can now be used as tires. It is shaped in half to serve as a large anchor loop. Not even. The two edge yarn rings on the tire are two of the same size. It is made into a wire loop and is firmly fixed to the concrete stone. tires are strings The material is hardened with elasticity, and even if the rubber on the outside is worn out, the entire inside is made of steel. It is surrounded by ring wire and is vulcanized so it always has a round shape. Resilience works to recover the Usually, the inside of the rubber is made up of about 15 1mm threads. is made of. Thus each of the two edge thread rings has a corresponding e.g. The chain is 1/2 inch thick. The tensile strength of this is usually about 5 tons. be. When I tested the tensile force with a dynamometer, I found out that it is no longer used on the road. Even old tires have more power than this.

Before it is embedded in the anchor, open one part of the tire and make a cut 5 towards the bottom. put in. Through this incision, before implantation, similar but not touching, Another tire 3 that has not been cut is engaged. This second connected tire Protects against abrasion due to friction against the anchor stone and provides open winding for the connecting rope. water (Figure 3). At the same time those tires are adjusted with a jerk adjuster. It is elastically connected to an anchor with a weight of 15 inch tire internal diameter is 37.5cm and can be extended to 20cm. From diagonal string fabric The radial string fabric is also more elastic. Two tires connected internally (1 and 3) before embedding in each of these to protect the fading surface between In addition, for example, 13 inches instead of 15 inches, so-called worn-out Place somewhat smaller tires like tires (2 and 4). This position is External tires (1 and 3) Completely protect. Further worn tires (2 and 4) are on the outside respectively. tires (1 and 3) to soften the feel when pulling. The weight of the tire itself Due to the fact that it is reduced at the bottom of the ocean and the water can be determined to be a little dirty with grease , the friction of the facing surface is reduced.

Make the concrete anchor as narrow as possible and match the dimensions of the embedded tire 1. It is always formed at right angles to the

Traditional anchors have a 2-3cm steel loop in the center and are connected to the anchor stone. The mooring member at the rear of the edge is easily frayed. Anchor according to the present invention The anchor stone is much larger and the anchor stone is designed to remove as much mooring material as possible. It is rather small in size so that it can be easily used (Fig. 3). Using a calibrated anchor When two or several smaller tires are used as fixed loops of the anchor in parallel can be used for multiple tires, thereby replacing the use of one large tire. This can be done with mooring tires connected to Between the woven belt and the mooring tires 3 A U-shaped or egg-shaped hose is used to connect the It will be done. Widen the inside width of the hose and make it diagonal for tightening with rivets, or The hose 6 is attached to the tire so that it can be tightened by passing it through a thin belt. fixed around. Hose 6 connects the moored tire where the belt has the least friction. Pass. Special tub regulators are required in shallow waters and in water with large waves. Therefore A fairly small anchor is used, the fixing loop of which is attached to the second of the first anchor. It is already connected to the tire, and the mooring members are two of the main anchors. Move from the second tire to the second tire on this smaller anchor, and then move on to the second tire on this smaller anchor. It is threaded in the same way as the second tire on the car (Figure 2).

Another tag adjustment is also possible with this system. That's Skel If you put several tons of tires in a row, each tire will have a worn surface. However, they are e.g. connected by edible metal sheets, where they can also be adjusted. A straight line having a resilient length, connected and attached to a mooring device. Welded to the chain or riveted or bolted It is said that it is connected with.

Regarding the connection with the moored floating object, which is the last of the three basic members of the present invention. In other words, 1 to 2 meters of anchor chain from the bridge hold. Use buoys etc. This prevents ice fretting and brushing that can occur during the winter. The belt should be protected from other wear and tear found around the ridge deck. become. A chain with dimensions much larger than its own tensile strength requires Choosing a stamp will reduce the degree of corrosion, but at least the anchoring device It is valid for the 15 years that it is said to last. The belt holds its own in the water Since it loses weight, it acts as a weight regulator for the buoy in the water and is independent of water depth. buoy floats of the same size can be maintained. Mooring using chains Regarding performance, as the water depth increases, larger buoys must be used. do not have. Especially when a lightweight buoy is tilted to one side in the water or constantly swaying (this is a problem that occurs when anchoring a buoy). If the chain stamp always adjusts well to these movements, it will Reduce friction in the hold of the belt connected at the lowest point. this The holds are particularly good for simple triangles or the belts used here. It is formed as something with a width. Normally, the belt moves at this point, and unexpected Sometimes protected from wear. Especially in bridge anchoring chain linkage can be avoided and instead small racks specifically for this purpose can be avoided. Mooring from an anchor on the seabed to the bridge hold acting as a single winch It can be fastened with a belt. This allows the length of the belt to be adjusted even when the water level varies. Adjustment becomes easy. The belt that is hoisted onto the winch is connected upward to reduce friction and wear. (Figure 1).

In the system of the present invention, all layout is done only in the place where the dialer is present. It will be done. The mooring belt hangs on its own into the water and also extends above and at its lowest point. The work must be well supervised to ensure that damage is prevented at the joints. Must be. After such procedures, the mooring device can be used for more than 15 years. It is said that it can be done.

I'm always hesitant to decide when to replace a corroded steel chain. , if you are going to go through all kinds of troublesome investigations into the chain anchor equipment, you will have to replace it. Substantial material and labor costs will be incurred during replacement. Traditional The difference in performance between the chain system and the system of the present invention becomes even more significant depending on the water depth. It's coming. Furthermore, when looking at the system of the present invention as a whole, for example, in a water depth of 10 meters, By anchoring just one chain at a time, the cost is the same, and the energy is the same. The result was that it was 10 times more effective than the conventional system in terms of consumption. Ru. The characteristics of the system according to the invention are such that, under current external conditions, it does not require special material costs. A major feature is that it can be carried out without having to do so.

Copy and translation of written amendment) Submission form (Article 184-7, Paragraph 1 of the Patent Act) September 24, 1991 1. Display of patent application PCT/5E90100189 2. Name of the invention Mooring and marine anchor systems 3. Patent applicant Address: Nis-13900 Vermde, Sweden.

2-14-1 Shimogo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 5. Date of submission of amendment August 13, 1990 6. List of attached documents 1 translation of the written amendment The scope of the claims 1. A permanent mooring system for floating objects such as floating bridges, floating dogs, buoys, and boats, Preferably with molded faux stone anchors, annular anchors or similar anchors. at least one or more car tires or similar arranged in parallel a fixed loop with an anchor consisting of a first tire (1); A member acting as a chain link made of one or several tires (3) engages the tire (1) acting as a fixed loop; Arranging a mooring member made of synthetic fiber between the second tire (3) and the floating object. A mooring and marine anchor system featuring:

2. The first tire (1) used as a fixed loop is attached to one anchor with 172 A slightly smaller tire (2) is embedded inside the fixed loop tire (1). The lower half of the tire is placed and fixed loop of the above is also embedded in the other anchor. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:

3. The tire (1) used as a fixed loop along with the smaller tire (2) is , a notch is provided that intersects the tires (1, 2) and acts as a chain link. Facilitating the installation of the second tire (3), the notch (5) in said anchor being part of the first tire (1), embedded and acting as a fixed loop; The system according to claim 1, characterized in that:

4. A second tire (3) connected to the first tire (1) functioning as a fixed loop. ) also has a smaller tire (4) inside thereof. The system described in 1.

5. Several tires are lined up in a row, and the surfaces where they rub against each other are They are connected by a corrosion-resistant plated plate placed across the ear, and the connection is adjusted accordingly. It is made with a length of chain that gives it elasticity and is attached to the mooring device. Welded, riveted or bolted to a straight chain 2. The system of claim 1, wherein:

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Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A system for permanently mooring floating objects such as floating bridges, floating dogs, buoys, and boats. There it is, Molded imitation stones and ring-shaped anchors, Preferably one or several tires, such as car tires, are attached as fixed loops. a first rubber tire fixed parallel to the anchor; Acts as a chain link suitably formed with one or more other tires (3) engaging a second tire that acts as a fixed loop (1) to the first tire; Arranging a mooring member made of synthetic fiber between the second tire (3) and the floating object. and A mooring and marine anchor system featuring: 2. The first tire, i.e., the first tire (1) is half embedded in the anchor. (1) one tire a few inches smaller is placed inside the first tire, and (2) the first A claim characterized in that the lower half of the other tire is also embedded in concrete. The system according to item 1. 3. The first tire (1) has a smaller tire inside thereof. The tires (2) are provided with perpendicular cuts (5) across the tires, and the first Facilitates the installation of a second tire that acts as a tire or chain link (3) , the notch (5) is embedded in the anchor and lies further down. 3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that it is part of one tire (1). 4. The second tire (3) connected to the first tire (1) also has a 4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that it has smaller tires. 5. Several tires are arranged in a row and connected by their mutual wear surfaces; flat anti-corrosion tin-plated plate shaped straight across the tire at the contact point of The welded riveted or bolted joint is made with a straight chain, it The tires are connected outwardly to form a mooring and provide additional tag adjustment elastic length. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: