JPH0546675B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0546675B2 JPH0546675B2 JP61051138A JP5113886A JPH0546675B2 JP H0546675 B2 JPH0546675 B2 JP H0546675B2 JP 61051138 A JP61051138 A JP 61051138A JP 5113886 A JP5113886 A JP 5113886A JP H0546675 B2 JPH0546675 B2 JP H0546675B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- resistant
- heating element
- planar heating
- mica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は、オーブン、オーブントースタ、電子
レンジオーブン、炊飯器などの調理器の加熱源と
して使用される面状発熱体に関し、特に高温領域
で使用される面状発熱体に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a sheet heating element used as a heating source for cooking appliances such as ovens, toaster ovens, microwave ovens, and rice cookers. This invention relates to a planar heating element.
従来の技術
従来より、オーブン、オーブントースタ、電子
レンジオーブン、炊飯器などの調理器の加熱源と
しては、
(1) シーズヒータ
(2) ミラクロンヒータまたは石英管ヒータ
(3) アルミ鋳込みヒータ
などが代表的なものとして古くから使用されてい
た。Conventional Technology Traditionally, the heating sources for cooking appliances such as ovens, toaster ovens, microwave ovens, and rice cookers include (1) sheathed heaters, (2) miraclon heaters or quartz tube heaters, and (3) aluminum cast heaters. It has been used since ancient times as a representative item.
一方、最近では機器の薄型化、均一加熱、遠赤
外線の応用などの要望に合つた加熱源として、面
状発熱体が脚光を浴びるようになつてきた。 On the other hand, recently, planar heating elements have come into the spotlight as heating sources that meet the demands of thinning devices, uniform heating, and the application of far infrared rays.
この傾向は、前述したオーブン、オーブントー
スタ、電子レンジオーブン、炊飯器などの調理器
においても見られ、これらの調理器に合う面状発
熱体がいろいろ提案されようとしている。 This tendency is also seen in cooking appliances such as the aforementioned ovens, toaster ovens, microwave ovens, and rice cookers, and various planar heating elements suitable for these cooking appliances are being proposed.
ところで、既に商品化されている代表的な面状
発熱体は、
(1) マイカ板などの絶縁基板にヒータを巻回した
構造を有するもの
(2) アルミナ基板にタングステン、モリブデンな
どの導電パターンを形成し、さらにその上にア
ルミナ基板を設け、一体に焼結成形した構造を
有するもの
(3) シリコーン、ポリイミドなどの有機質フイル
ムの間に導電パターンを形成し、ラミネート化
した構造を有するもの
以上の３種類があるが、この中でも、設計が自
由にできるとともに価格的に安価である(1)のタイ
プの面状発熱体がよく研究され、現在では電子レ
ンジオーブンの加熱源として応用されている。 By the way, typical planar heating elements that have already been commercialized include (1) those that have a structure in which a heater is wound around an insulating substrate such as a mica plate, and (2) those that have a structure in which a conductive pattern of tungsten, molybdenum, etc. is coated on an alumina substrate. (3) A structure in which a conductive pattern is formed between organic films such as silicone or polyimide, and laminated. There are three types, but among these, type (1), which allows for flexible design and is inexpensive, has been well studied and is currently used as a heating source for microwave ovens.
この電子レンジオーブンに応用されている面状
発熱体は第５図に示すように、リボン状発熱線１
１ａをマイカ板１１ｂに巻き、これを２枚の絶縁
マイカ１１ｃにてサンドイツチ状にした従来のマ
イカヒータ１１をステンレスからなる金属板１２
の裏側に密接させたものである。 As shown in Fig. 5, the planar heating element applied to this microwave oven has a ribbon-shaped heating wire 1.
A metal plate 12 made of stainless steel is used instead of a conventional mica heater 11 in which a mica plate 1a is wound around a mica plate 11b and this is made into a sandwich shape with two insulating mica plates 11c.
It is placed closely behind the
発明が解決しようとする問題点
しかしながら前述した従来のマイカ板を使用し
た面状発熱体では、リボン状発熱線１１ａの密着
状態が悪くなることにより、局部的に異常高温に
なり、断線が起こるおそれがある。そのため金属
板１２に密接して面状発熱体を設けることにより
熱を拡散させているが、発熱線１１ａの輻射熱が
金属板１２によつて反射されるため、面状発熱体
としては昇温スピードの遅いものであつた。Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-described planar heating element using the conventional mica plate, there is a risk that the adhesion of the ribbon-shaped heating wire 11a deteriorates, resulting in locally abnormally high temperatures and disconnection. There is. Therefore, the heat is diffused by providing a planar heating element in close proximity to the metal plate 12, but since the radiant heat of the heating wire 11a is reflected by the metal plate 12, the temperature rises quickly as a planar heating element. It was slow.
本発明は前述した問題点を解決するもので、昇
温スピードの早い面状発熱体を提供することを目
的とするものである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a planar heating element that can increase temperature quickly.
問題点を解決するための手段
上記問題点を解決するために本発明の面状発熱
体は、熱線を透過する耐熱性暖気絶縁板と、２枚
の耐熱性応力緩衝材と、この２枚の耐熱性応力緩
衝材の間に位置させるシート状の金属箔体からな
るヒータエレメントを一体化するとともに、前記
耐熱性応力緩衝材として、無機接着剤を含浸させ
たシリカまたはアルミナあるいはジルコニア繊維
を主成分とする無機繊維紙を用いたものである。Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the planar heating element of the present invention includes a heat-resistant warm air insulating plate that transmits heat rays, two heat-resistant stress buffering materials, and A heater element made of a sheet-like metal foil placed between heat-resistant stress-buffering materials is integrated, and the heat-resistant stress-buffering material is mainly composed of silica, alumina, or zirconia fibers impregnated with an inorganic adhesive. It uses inorganic fiber paper.
作 用
従来より電気絶縁材として使用されている安価
なマイカ板は、天然雲母の小片をシリコンワニス
等で一体成形したもので、その線熱膨張係数は
100×10-7℃-1位であるが、ヒータエレメントに
使うSUS430やNi−Cr系金属は100×10-7℃-1〜
200×10-7℃-1とマイカ板と同程度かそれ以上の
ものである。したがつて、単に二枚のマイカ板の
間にヒータエレメントを挟んで接着剤で接合して
も、熱膨張の差によつてそりが生じ、かつそれが
何回も繰り返されると剥離が起こる。Function The inexpensive mica board, which has traditionally been used as an electrical insulating material, is made by integrally molding small pieces of natural mica with silicone varnish, etc., and its coefficient of linear thermal expansion is
100×10 -7 ℃ -1 , but SUS430 and Ni-Cr metals used for heater elements have temperatures of 100×10 -7 ℃ -1 ~
It has a temperature of 200×10 -7 ℃ -1 , which is equivalent to or higher than mica board. Therefore, even if a heater element is simply sandwiched between two mica plates and bonded together with an adhesive, warping occurs due to the difference in thermal expansion, and if this is repeated many times, peeling occurs.
しかるに本発明で使用する無機質繊維紙は、シ
リカまたはアルミナあるいはジルコニア繊維を抄
紙法によりペーパー状に成形したものであるた
め、有機物質をほとんど含んでおらず、900℃以
上の耐熱性を有する。したがつてクツシヨン性の
優れた耐熱性ペーパーである。 However, the inorganic fiber paper used in the present invention is formed from silica, alumina, or zirconia fibers by a papermaking method, and therefore contains almost no organic substances and has heat resistance of 900° C. or higher. Therefore, it is a heat-resistant paper with excellent cushioning properties.
したがつてヒータエレメントを直接絶縁板に接
合せず、耐熱性応力緩衝剤に挟むことによつて、
ヒータエレメントと絶縁板の熱膨張差を吸収する
ことができる。 Therefore, by sandwiching the heater element between heat-resistant stress buffers instead of directly bonding it to the insulating plate,
The difference in thermal expansion between the heater element and the insulating plate can be absorbed.
さらに、２枚の耐熱性応力緩衝剤に無機接着剤
を含浸させ、マイカ板、セラミツク板あるいは結
晶化ガラス板などの絶縁板、応力緩衝剤およびヒ
ータエレメントの３者を貼り合わせ、かつ圧力を
かけて熱処理すれば完全に一体になり、その結果
金属板に密接させなくても局部的に異常加熱する
ことのない面状発熱体となる。 Furthermore, two heat-resistant stress buffers are impregnated with an inorganic adhesive, and an insulating plate such as a mica plate, a ceramic plate, or a crystallized glass plate, the stress buffer, and a heater element are bonded together and pressure is applied. If it is heat-treated, it will become completely integrated, resulting in a planar heating element that will not cause abnormal local heating even if it is not brought into close contact with the metal plate.
また耐熱性応力緩衝材はペーパー状のもので熱
容量を小さく抑え、さらに金属板を使わないた
め、ヒータエレメントの輻射熱が反射されること
がなく、その結果、被加熱物への熱伝達が速い面
状発熱体を得ることができる。 In addition, the heat-resistant stress buffer material is paper-like and has a low heat capacity, and since no metal plate is used, the radiant heat of the heater element is not reflected, resulting in faster heat transfer to the heated object. A shaped heating element can be obtained.
実施例
以下、本発明の面状発熱体を炊飯器の加熱源に
応用した実施例を第１図〜第４図にもとづいて説
明する。図において、１は熱線を透過する耐熱性
電気絶縁板で、電熱用軟質集成マイカ板よりな
る。２は無機接着剤を含浸させたシリカまたはア
ルミナあるいはジルコニア繊維を主成分とする無
機質繊維紙からなる耐熱性応力緩衝材である。３
はシート状の金属箔体（SUS430）よりなるヒー
タエレメントで、このヒータエレメント３は２枚
の耐熱性応力緩衝材２間に位置しており、第４図
に示すパターンを有している。Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the sheet heating element of the present invention is applied to a heat source of a rice cooker will be described based on FIGS. 1 to 4. In the figure, numeral 1 denotes a heat-resistant electrical insulating board that transmits heat rays, and is made of a soft laminated mica board for electric heating. 2 is a heat-resistant stress buffer material made of inorganic fiber paper whose main component is silica, alumina, or zirconia fiber impregnated with an inorganic adhesive. 3
A heater element 3 is made of a sheet-shaped metal foil (SUS430), and this heater element 3 is located between two sheets of heat-resistant stress buffering material 2, and has a pattern shown in FIG.
製造の手順としては、２枚の耐熱性応力緩衝材
２（たとえばイソライト工業製のカオウールペー
パー厚み0.5mm）に無機接着剤（たとえばリン酸
アルミニウム系接着剤）を含浸し、その間に厚さ
0.1mmのSUS430製のヒータエレメント３を挟み、
さらにその上に厚さ0.8mmの電熱用軟質集成マイ
カ板を載せる。そして、10Kg／cm2程の圧力をか
け、約100℃で１時間程その状態を保持した後、
昇温し、そして500℃以上で30分以上熱処理して
第１図、第２図に示すような面状発熱体を得た。 The manufacturing procedure is to impregnate two sheets of heat-resistant stress cushioning material 2 (for example, Kao Wool Paper manufactured by Isolite Industries, 0.5 mm thick) with an inorganic adhesive (for example, aluminum phosphate adhesive), and then
Sandwiching the heater element 3 made of 0.1mm SUS430,
Furthermore, a soft laminated mica board for electric heating with a thickness of 0.8 mm is placed on top of it. Then, after applying a pressure of about 10 kg/cm 2 and maintaining that state at about 100°C for about 1 hour,
The temperature was raised and heat treatment was performed at 500° C. or higher for 30 minutes or more to obtain a sheet heating element as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
なお、この実施例においては、耐熱性電気絶縁
板１は上面のみに設けているが、熱バランスを良
くするためには上下両面に設けた方が良い。 In this embodiment, the heat-resistant electrical insulating board 1 is provided only on the top surface, but in order to improve the heat balance, it is better to provide it on both the top and bottom surfaces.
４は絶縁硝子であり、５はヒータエレメント３
の端子部である。 4 is insulating glass, 5 is heater element 3
This is the terminal section.
以上の構造を有する本発明の面状発熱体では、
端子部５によりヒータエレメント３に通電する
と、耐熱性応力緩衝材２を耐熱性電気絶縁板１が
加熱される。 In the planar heating element of the present invention having the above structure,
When the heater element 3 is energized through the terminal portion 5, the heat-resistant stress buffering material 2 and the heat-resistant electrical insulating plate 1 are heated.
このように本発明の面状発熱体は金属板を使わ
ないため、輻射熱が反射されず、その結果、効率
よく被加熱物に熱が伝達される。 As described above, since the planar heating element of the present invention does not use a metal plate, radiant heat is not reflected, and as a result, heat is efficiently transferred to the object to be heated.
本発明の面状発熱体の外径を180mm、電力を
600Wとすると、耐熱性電気絶縁板１の加熱面側
の温度は通電後約１分で400℃に達した。一方、
第５図の構成の従来のマイカヒータにおいて金属
板１２を厚さ1.5mmのSUS304、リボン状発熱線１
１ａを0.2mmのNi−Cr系電熱線、マイカ板１１ｂ
を厚さ0.4mm、マイカ板１１ｃを厚さ0.35mmとし、
全体の外径を180mm、電力を600Wとした時、金属
板１２の加熱面側の温度は通電後約５分で400℃
に達した。 The outer diameter of the sheet heating element of the present invention is 180 mm, and the electric power is
When the power was 600W, the temperature on the heating surface side of the heat-resistant electrical insulating board 1 reached 400°C in about 1 minute after electricity was applied. on the other hand,
In the conventional mica heater with the configuration shown in Fig. 5, the metal plate 12 is SUS304 with a thickness of 1.5 mm, and the ribbon-shaped heating wire 1 is
1a is 0.2mm Ni-Cr heating wire, mica plate 11b
is 0.4mm thick, mica plate 11c is 0.35mm thick,
When the overall outer diameter is 180mm and the power is 600W, the temperature on the heating surface side of the metal plate 12 reaches 400℃ in about 5 minutes after electricity is applied.
reached.
したがつて、上記本発明の面状発熱体を炊飯器
の加熱源として使用すれば、従来のシーズヒータ
をアルミに鋳込んだヒータに内鍋を載せて炊く直
接炊きと同様な速さで、均一な放射熱による炊飯
が可能となり、その結果、従来の炊飯における炊
きむら等を防止することができるという効果が得
られる。 Therefore, if the planar heating element of the present invention is used as a heat source for a rice cooker, it can cook rice at the same speed as direct cooking in which the inner pot is placed on a conventional sheathed heater cast in aluminum. It becomes possible to cook rice using uniform radiant heat, and as a result, it is possible to prevent uneven cooking caused by conventional rice cooking.
なお、上記実施例においては、炊飯器の加熱源
として応用した場合について示したが、特にこれ
に限定されるものではなく、他のオーブン、オー
ブントースタ、電子レンジオーブンなどの高温ス
ピード加熱を必要とする加熱源にも応用すること
ができるものである。 In addition, in the above example, the case where it is applied as a heating source for a rice cooker is shown, but it is not limited to this, and it can be applied to other ovens, toaster ovens, microwave ovens, etc. that require high-temperature and speedy heating. It can also be applied as a heating source.
発明の効果
以上の説明から明らかなように本発明によれ
ば、熱線を透過する耐熱性電気絶縁板と、２枚の
耐熱性応力緩衝材と、この２枚の耐熱性応力緩衝
材の間に位置させるシート状の金属箔体からなる
ヒータエレメントを一体化するとともに、前記耐
熱性応力緩衝材として、無機接着剤を含浸させた
シリカまたはアルミナあるいはジコルニア繊維を
主成分とする無機質繊維紙を用いているため、高
温領域で使用可能で、かつ昇温スピードの早い面
状発熱体を提供することが可能となるものであ
る。Effects of the Invention As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, there is a heat-resistant electrical insulating board that transmits heat rays, two heat-resistant stress-buffering materials, and a space between the two heat-resistant stress-buffering materials. In addition to integrating a heater element made of a sheet-shaped metal foil body to be positioned, inorganic fiber paper impregnated with an inorganic adhesive and mainly composed of silica, alumina, or dicornia fiber is used as the heat-resistant stress buffering material. Therefore, it is possible to provide a planar heating element that can be used in a high temperature range and has a fast temperature increase speed.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す面状発熱体の
斜視図、第２図は同面状発熱体の断面図、第３図
は同面状発熱体における耐熱性応力緩衝材の斜視
図、第４図は同面状発熱体におけるヒータエレメ
ントの平面図、第５図は従来のマイカヒータを応
用した面状発熱体の断面図である。
１……耐熱性電気絶縁板、２……耐熱性応力緩
衝材、３……ヒータエレメント。
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a planar heating element showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the planar heating element, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a heat-resistant stress buffer material in the planar heating element. 4 is a plan view of a heater element in a planar heating element, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a planar heating element to which a conventional mica heater is applied. 1... Heat-resistant electrical insulating board, 2... Heat-resistant stress buffering material, 3... Heater element.
Claims (1)
熱性応力緩衝材の間に位置させるシート状の金属
箔体からなるヒータエレメントを一体化するとと
もに、前記耐熱性応力緩衝材として、無機接着剤
を含浸させたシリカまたはアルミナあるいはジル
コニア繊維を主成分とする無機質繊維紙を用いた
面状発熱体。1. A heater element made of a sheet-like metal foil placed between a heat-resistant electrical insulating plate that transmits heat rays and two sheets of heat-resistant stress-buffering material is integrated, and an inorganic adhesive is used as the heat-resistant stress-buffering material. A planar heating element using inorganic fiber paper whose main component is silica, alumina, or zirconia fibers impregnated with a chemical agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5113886A JPS62208588A (en) | 1986-03-07 | 1986-03-07 | Panel heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5113886A JPS62208588A (en) | 1986-03-07 | 1986-03-07 | Panel heater |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62208588A JPS62208588A (en) | 1987-09-12 |
| JPH0546675B2 true JPH0546675B2 (en) | 1993-07-14 |
Family
ID=12878458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5113886A Granted JPS62208588A (en) | 1986-03-07 | 1986-03-07 | Panel heater |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62208588A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2685784B1 (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2016-09-14 | MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG | Dispositif de chauffage |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5152532A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-05-10 | Kyoto Ceramic | HONETSUFUINTSUKI HATSUNETSUSOSHI |
| JPS59158083A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-07 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Method of producing electric heater element |
| JPS60249284A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-12-09 | タニカ電器株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
-
1986
- 1986-03-07 JP JP5113886A patent/JPS62208588A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5152532A (en) * | 1974-11-01 | 1976-05-10 | Kyoto Ceramic | HONETSUFUINTSUKI HATSUNETSUSOSHI |
| JPS59158083A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-07 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | Method of producing electric heater element |
| JPS60249284A (en) * | 1984-05-24 | 1985-12-09 | タニカ電器株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62208588A (en) | 1987-09-12 |
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