JPH05329696A - Detonation working method and device by using simple mold - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the working method and device which converts the gaseous pressure by detonation to a liquid pressure or elastic pressure and uses a simply mold to work. CONSTITUTION:A combustion chamber 1 is so set that its sectional area decreases gradually from one end 1A on progression of a flame. A convergent part having the min. passage sectional area is formed at the other end 1B. A pressure chamber 12 housing a pressure medium faces the aperture of the other end 1B. The sectional area of the combustion chamber 1 decreases on progression of the flame in the combustion chamber and, therefore, the pressure increases and the extremely high pressure is generated at the other end 1B. The high pressure is transmitted to the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 12. A working chamber 13 is provided to communicate with the pressure chamber 12 and a simple mold 16 for working supporting a member P to be molded is housed in the working chamber 13. The shape and size of the pressure chamber 12 or the properties of the pressure medium are properly changeable.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a processing method and apparatus using a simple mold by detonation that can easily obtain a desired waveform impact pressure at high pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A working die (punch, die, etc.) for a press machine generally requires a die having a structure and material having excellent load resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance. However, there is a problem in terms of the time and cost required for design / manufacturing. There is also a problem in terms of time and cost required for modifying or repairing the mold. In addition, facilities and places for storing and managing the molds are required.

Further, the processing performed by applying a hydraulic pressure to the other surface of a member to be processed, such as a plate material, one surface of which is supported by a processing die, is instantaneously processed under extremely high pressure. In some cases, it may be preferable. Heretofore, several methods are known for processing by such hydraulic pressure.

For example, first of all, a bullet is driven into a liquid such as water for pressurization to generate an impact hydraulic pressure in the liquid,
An impact hydraulic pressure generating device that applies the pressure to a member such as a plate material and presses the member against a mold to form a three-dimensional molding screw is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H01-001
Proposed in 157725.

Secondly, there is also known an explosive molding apparatus for producing an impact water pressure by burning explosives in water and performing three-dimensional molding of a thin plate by the pressure. This device is mainly used for molding large parts.

Thirdly, there is known a device in which an impact hydraulic pressure is generated by causing a piston accelerated at high speed by gas pressure to collide with the liquid surface of a pressurizing liquid contained in a container. Has been.

[0007]

However, the methods for generating the impact hydraulic pressure by the above-mentioned first to third devices have common or unique problems as follows.

The shape or size of the hydraulic chamber must be determined in consideration of the behavior of the energy source (explosive, high-speed projectile), and the degree of freedom is considerably small.

The pressure has a long duration, and the impact pressure is applied simultaneously over a relatively wide range in the hydraulic chamber.

Due to the danger, it is necessary to consider the restrictions on the installation location or safety.

It is difficult to significantly change the ultimate pressure.

Only a part of the pressure wave generated in the hydraulic chamber is effectively used (energy utilization efficiency is low).

The structure is not such that the reflected waves generated on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber or the surface to be processed can be positively and effectively utilized.

A large amount of liquid used as a pressure medium. Inability to evacuate below the vapor pressure of the liquid itself as a pressure medium.

Direct contact of the work piece with a liquid as a pressure medium.

That is, in the above first method,
,,, and in the second method ~ and in the third method ~ ,, and has the drawbacks, because the appropriate impact pressure (pattern) can not be obtained for various processing, The mold must be a high-grade mold with high rigidity and strength.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and provides a method and apparatus for safely and securely controlling the generation pattern of impact pressure and performing detonation processing using a simple mold. The purpose is that.

[0018]

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object relates first to a detonation generating method, in which a detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture is converged with its progress and obtained at a converging section. In the method of transmitting a high pressure to a pressure medium and converting it into a hydraulic pressure or an elastic pressure, by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber for accommodating the pressure medium or the physical properties of the pressure medium, by generating an impact pressure having a different pattern. To be achieved.

On the other hand, regarding the processing method, in the case of the present invention, as will be described later, the duration of the pressure is considerably shorter than that of the conventional impact processing method, so that the load resistance, wear resistance, and
A mold of excellent structure and material such as heat resistance is not required, and a simple mold can be sufficiently molded. For example, the simple mold is entirely a non-metal mold (cement, resin, powder, wood, etc.) or surface layer part. Is formed as a surface-reinforced type in which a part or all of the above is made metal and the inside is made the above non-metal.

An apparatus for carrying out the above method is
A combustion chamber whose cross-sectional area decreases from one end to the other end,
An ignition chamber in which fuel is supplied and an ignition plug is disposed; a plurality of guide paths that branch from the ignition chamber and communicate with one end of the combustion chamber and have the same path length; and a minimum passage sectional area of the combustion chamber. The pressure chamber is connected to the opening at the other end of the barrel, and a replaceable nozzle is installed in the minimum passage cross-sectional area.

In the present invention, the pressure chamber has a structure in which the nozzle diameter of the opening connected to the combustion chamber can be changed, and the shape and size of the container for accommodating the pressure medium match the shape of the workpiece (for example, By changing the physical properties of the pressure medium in the container (cone, pyramid, etc.), various impact pressure generation patterns suitable for the application can be obtained.

On the other hand, if the liquid in the pressure chamber is in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber through the membrane, it is possible to evacuate the combustion chamber to a pressure below the vapor pressure of the liquid itself.

Further, if the drain means for matching the minimum passage cross-sectional area and the liquid surface position is provided, the maximum pressure generating portion in the combustion chamber and the liquid surface always match. As a result, it becomes possible to maintain the maximum transmittance of the pressure wave from the combustion gas to the liquid (the higher the pressure of the combustion gas, the higher the transmittance).

Further, if a side wall is installed such that the passage cross-sectional area downstream from the minimum passage cross-sectional area continuously increases or becomes constant, a new discontinuity (edge portion) is formed on the inner wall surface. A phenomenon such as generation of a shock wave does not occur, and energy loss on the wall surface due to the propagation of the shock wave can be suppressed to be small.

When the wall shape of the pressure chamber is set so that the rate of increase of the passage cross-sectional area monotonously increases (for example,
When the shape of the pressure chamber is set to be a conical shape that expands toward the downstream side), the front surface of the shock wave propagating in the pressure chamber propagates while maintaining a substantially spherical shape. Then, for example, when the thin plate for processing is installed horizontally at the processing position of the pressure chamber, since the shock wave is a spherical wave, it is possible to add an impact load that moves from the central part to the outer peripheral part to this plate. It will be possible. On the other hand, if the cross-sectional area is set to a constant value after continuously increasing the passage cross-sectional area in the propagation direction of the shock wave, interference with the wall surface Energy exchange etc. occurs inside, and the shock wave is exchanged from a spherical shape to a flat shape. And in this case
For example, for a plate to be processed horizontally installed at the processing position of the pressure chamber, it is possible to apply an impact load to the entire plate at the same time.

Further, when the liquid in the pressure chamber is brought into contact with the workpiece through the film body, the liquid does not come into direct contact with the workpiece, and the work of injecting the liquid into the pressure chamber is pressurized. Can be implemented in. Therefore, it becomes easy to handle the workpiece.

When the pressure chamber described above is installed,
The reflected wave generated when the shock wave collides with the machined surface returns and converges to the nozzle part, then is reflected at the open end (nozzle part) on the combustion chamber side and propagates again toward the machined surface. Can be effectively used. That is, it is possible to reproduce a new shock wave by collecting the non-uniform reflected waves from the workpiece at one place and use this as a wave for processing.

[0028]

In the present invention, the detonation process using the simple mold is performed as follows.

First, the combustible chamber, the guide passage, and the ignition chamber, which can communicate with each other, are filled with a combustible gas mixture having a theoretical mixing ratio.

Next, ignition is performed in the ignition chamber.

When ignited, the flame advances in the combustion chamber through the taxiway due to the detonation. that time,
Since each guide path has the same path length, each guide path flame reaches one end of the combustion chamber at the same time.

In the combustion chamber, the flame propagates toward the other end, but the cross sectional area of the combustion chamber decreases toward the other end, so the flame pressure rises and reaches the maximum value at the other end. . Since the pressure chamber is connected to the opening of the other end and the upper surface of the pressure medium faces the opening, the pressure is transmitted to the pressure medium in the pressure chamber. In that case, the pressure pattern can be changed to a shape suitable for the workpiece by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber formed downstream of the other end which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area and the physical properties of the pressure medium. it can.

The pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is processed by directly or through the film body by pressing the work member on the simple mold against the mold.

[0034]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an apparatus of one embodiment in which the pressure medium of the present invention is liquid. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a combustion chamber, which has a conical shape facing downward and has a maximum cross-sectional area at an upper end 1A and a minimum at a lower end 1B to form a converging portion.

The inner wall of the upper end portion 1A of the combustion chamber 1 is curved slightly upward, and a plurality of hole-shaped guide paths 2 communicate therewith. The plurality of guide paths 2 are focused on a dispersion space 3 in the form of a disk space at the top. An ignition chamber 4 extending upward is connected to the dispersion chamber 3 so as to communicate therewith. An ignition plug 5 that is operated by an ignition device 6 is provided above the ignition chamber 4, and a fuel supply source 9 and an oxidant supply source 10 are connected via flowmeters 7 and 8, respectively. .. In addition, 11 is a pressure gauge for confirming the pressure in the ignition chamber 4.

A lower end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 is opened, a pressure chamber 12 is connected to the lower end portion 1B, and a processing device 13 is provided immediately below the pressure chamber 12 as an example of using hydraulic pressure. A liquid such as water as a pressure medium is contained in the pressure chamber 12, but a strong and easily deformable film even if its liquid surface directly faces the lower end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 as shown in the drawing. The body may form the intermediate surface. A pipe 14 for venting air is connected to the pressure chamber 12 via a valve, and a liquid supply device 15 such as water for hydraulic pressure is connected via a valve.

The processing device 13 accommodates a simple mold 16 whose upper surface is for processing in a replaceable manner. The processing device 1
If necessary, 3 can also hold the peripheral edge of the plate material or the like P to be processed between the pressure chamber 12 and, for example, both flanges. A vacuum pump device 17 is connected to the processing device 13 for penetrating the simple mold 16 and communicating with the upper space thereof to create a vacuum in the space. The vacuum pump device 17 is also connected to the ignition chamber 4 described above.

In the apparatus of this embodiment, the generation of high-pressure liquid pressure and the simple-type machining utilizing this are performed as follows.

First, the plate material P to be processed is set on the simple mold 16.

Next, the vacuum pump device 17 brings the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide passage 2 and the combustion chamber 1 to a predetermined vacuum degree. At the same time, the simplified mold 16 and the plate P
Similarly, the space between and is also suctioned so as to have a predetermined degree of vacuum.

Thereafter, the pressure chamber 12 is filled with water, and in the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide passage 2 and the combustion chamber 1, a combustible gas having a substantially theoretical mixing ratio is supplied to the fuel supply source 9. , Oxidant source 10.

After the setting is completed, the ignition device 6 operates the spark plug 5. Detonation occurs due to ignition in the ignition chamber 4, and the flame is propagated to the upper end 1A of the combustion chamber 1 through the dispersion chamber 3 and the guide passage 2. At this time, since the path lengths of the plurality of guideways 2 are set to be equal to each other, the flames of the plurality of guideways 2 simultaneously reach the upper end portion 1A.

In the combustion chamber 1, the flame progresses from the upper end portion 1A to the lower end portion 1B, but since the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 1 gradually decreases downward, its pressure rises and at the lower end portion 1B. It becomes extremely high pressure.

A replaceable nozzle 12 'is set at the opening of the lower end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 and the liquid surface of the liquid in the pressure chamber 12 faces the liquid. And the plate material P is pressed against the simple mold 16 at a constant pressure for processing.

Thereafter, the plate material as a processed product is taken out, and the steps 1 to 3 are repeated to obtain
Processing can be performed one after another.

In the present embodiment, the simple type processing is used as the method of utilizing the high pressure, but it can be widely used in other fields such as pressurization of other species or a drive source.

In the present invention, the impact pressure can be changed by the filling pressure (amount) or the mixing ratio of the combustible gas mixture filled in the combustion chamber, but the generation pattern of hydraulic pressure or elastic pressure is controlled even in the pressure chamber. What can be done is as described above. For example, by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber (for example, the replacement of the nozzle in the above description) and the physical properties of the pressure medium, various patterns can be changed to suit the work material. The impact of typical ones of these changing factors will be described in detail below.

(A) Effect of Nozzle Diameter at Opening The detonation wave in the combustion chamber is repeatedly converged several times by nature, and shock ultrahigh pressure is generated at the convergence center each time it is converged. The value of the pressure at this time shows a higher value as it approaches the center of convergence, so that the smaller the nozzle diameter, the higher the value of the impact pressure generated in the pressure chamber. Figure 2
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a pressure waveform when the nozzle diameter is relatively small. By setting the nozzle diameter small, the peak pressure becomes high and the waveform has a short duration, and the high pressure is repeatedly generated. On the contrary, when the nozzle diameter is increased, a waveform having a low peak pressure and a long duration is generated as shown in FIG. In this case, the number of repetitions of the pressure wave is shown in FIG.
Less than

(B) Effect of Distance from Opening to Workpiece When the shock wave propagates in the pressure medium, the ultimate pressure is a function of the ultimate distance (L in FIG. 1). For example, when the pressure medium is water, according to a conventional study, the ultimate pressure is inversely proportional to the 1.15th power of the ultimate distance as shown in the following equation.

Pmax ∝1 / L ^1.15 where Pmax is the ultimate pressure and L is the ultimate distance. Therefore, by adopting a structure in which the distance of the workpiece from the opening can be changed arbitrarily, the ultimate pressure on the processed surface can be set arbitrarily.

(C) Effect of physical properties of pressure medium in pressure chamber The properties of the shock wave obtained on the processed surface in the pressure chamber strongly depend on the physical properties of the pressure medium. That is, when a pressure medium having a high density or sound velocity value is used, a peak pressure is high and a wave having a relatively short duration is obtained, and when a pressure medium having a low density or sound velocity value is used, a peak pressure is low and a duration time is long. A relatively long wave is obtained.

(D) Influence of the shape of the pressure chamber Regarding the shape and dimensions of the impact pressure generating portion (which is the nozzle portion in this embodiment), the conventional impact pressure generating method has practically no degree of freedom. Accordingly, the degree of freedom in selecting an impact pressure generation pattern (peak pressure, duration, etc.) is considerably narrowed.

In the case of the present invention, unlike the conventional impact pressure generation method, since no bullets, pistons, explosives, etc. are used, the degree of freedom in selecting the shape of the pressure chamber is large.

Thus, by adopting the above-mentioned pressure chamber shape, the following advantages are obtained.

By setting the pressure chamber in a divergent shape and installing a work piece at the end, it is possible to minimize the generation of shock waves not involved in processing (for example, in conventional underwater explosion molding, explosive charge). Since the explosion energy of is dispersed in the 360 ° direction, the energy utilization efficiency is considerably low).

By setting the shape of the pressure chamber so that the reflected waves generated on the surface to be processed are gathered at one place, the reflected waves can be regenerated and strengthened and propagated again for processing (disturbed waves). Even if it is collected in one place, it can be reproduced as a high-intensity wave).

By setting the pressure chamber in a conical shape,
It is possible to generate a uniform spherical shock wave.

By additionally providing a cylindrical pressure chamber whose thickness can be arbitrarily changed on the downstream side of the conical pressure chamber, it is possible to generate a shock wave having an arbitrary curvature ranging from a spherical wave to a plane wave. With technology, only one type of shock wave (hydraulic pressure) generation pattern can be selected with one device).

In the pressure chamber, since there is no wall surface perpendicular to the shock wave propagation direction (excluding the processing portion), damage to the pressure chamber related parts (including the processing die) due to the shock wave can be suppressed to be small.

[0061]

Since the present invention is constructed as described above,
Compared with the conventional method, this method is cheaper and easier to obtain a shock pressure with a sharp rise and excellent characteristics, and the shape and size of the pressure chamber and the physical properties of the pressure medium to be stored are By changing it, the impact pressure can be controlled to various patterns suitable for the work piece, and it is not necessary to make the entire processing die from a material with high strength. Various processes (molding, punching, bending, etc.) can be performed using the mold.

Further, according to the device of the present invention, since no explosive is used unlike the conventional bullet driving type and explosive type, the device is not restricted in the setting and the impact pressure is continuously generated. Get the effect of being able to.
Since the impact pressure can be easily and safely obtained, it can be applied in a wide range of industrial fields such as processing fields.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an impact pressure waveform diagram with one nozzle in the apparatus of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an impact pressure waveform diagram of another nozzle in the apparatus of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion chamber 1A One end (upper end) 1B The other end (lower end) 2 Taxiway 4 Ignition chamber 5 Spark plug 12 Pressure chamber 12 'Nozzle 13 Processing device 16 Simple type

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture is converged with its progress, and the high pressure obtained at the converging portion is directly or in a pressure medium composed of a liquid, an elastic body or a liquid / elastic body shared. In the method of transmitting and converting into hydraulic pressure or elastic pressure, by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber accommodating the pressure medium or the physical properties of the pressure medium, different patterns of impact pressure are generated, and the pressure causes the impact pressure to pass through the membrane. Alternatively, the detonation processing method using a simple die is to directly press the workpiece to locally increase the strength and press it into a simple die made by molding. 2. The detonation working method using a simple mold according to claim 1, wherein the strength of a part or all of the surface layer of the simple mold is higher than that of the other parts. 3. A combustion chamber having a smaller cross-sectional area from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber in which a spark plug is arranged to receive fuel, and an end of the combustion chamber branching from the ignition chamber. And a pressure chamber connected to the opening of the other end of the combustion chamber, which is the minimum passage cross-sectional area portion of the combustion chamber, and a replaceable nozzle for the minimum passage cross-sectional area portion. It is assumed that it is installed, a processing chamber connected to the pressure chamber and accommodating an object to be processed and a simple mold, and a material in which a part or all of the surface layer portion of the simple mold is stronger than the other parts. Detonation processing device using a simple type that is equipped with. 4. The detonation processing apparatus using a simplified mold according to claim 3, wherein the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber through the film body. 5. The detonation working apparatus using a simplified mold according to claim 3, further comprising a drain means for matching a minimum passage cross-sectional area portion in the combustion chamber with a pressure medium upper surface position. 6. The detonation processing apparatus using a simplified mold according to claim 3, wherein the wall surface of the pressure chamber downstream from the nozzle portion has a passage cross-sectional area that continuously increases or is constant. 7. The detonation processing apparatus using a simple mold according to claim 3, wherein the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is in contact with the member to be processed via the film body.