JP2626419B2 - Water cluster decomposition method and apparatus by detonation pressure - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure, which can easily obtain an impact pressure having a desired waveform at a high pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Water cluster decomposition technology has attracted attention in fields such as chemical engineering, environmental engineering, food science, and medicine.

According to conventional research, water cannot exist as a single molecule, but exists as a small molecule group called a cluster due to the force acting between water molecules called hydrogen bonding.

[0004] It is said that the smaller the cluster, the more effective the water or functional water (alkaline / acidic ion water, mineral water, etc.).

As an example of a method for reducing the size of a cluster, the following method is known. Ultrasonic waves are applied to vibrate the water molecules to break the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules. Further, the gas (calcium, etc.) in the pores of the water molecule population is also expelled. Water molecules are activated by using far-infrared (electromagnetic) radiation of ceramics to reduce the water molecule population. The water is electrolyzed and divided into cation (acidic) water and anionic (alkaline) water.

[0006] However, the ultrasonic and electrolysis methods require large-scale equipment, increase running costs, and are economical but inefficient if ceramics are used. There are problems such as.

On the other hand, as a means for applying pressure to reduce the size of clusters, there is a method in which an extremely high fluid pressure can be obtained instantaneously, and it is conceivable to use those methods.

Conventionally, the following techniques have been known as impact hydraulic pressure generation techniques.

For example, first, a bullet is driven into a liquid such as pressurized water to generate an impact hydraulic pressure in the liquid,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H01-121702 discloses an impact hydraulic pressure generating device which applies the pressure to a member such as a plate material and presses the member against a mold to form a three-dimensional molding.
No. 157725.

[0010] Secondly, there is also known an explosion molding apparatus which generates an impact water pressure by burning explosives in water and performs three-dimensional molding of a thin plate by the pressure. This device is mainly used for molding large parts.

Thirdly, there is also known an apparatus in which an impact hydraulic pressure is generated by causing a piston accelerated at a high speed by gas pressure or the like to collide with a liquid surface of a pressurizing liquid contained in a container. Have been.

[0012]

However, the above-described methods of generating the impact hydraulic pressure by the first to third devices have the following common or unique problems.

The shape or dimensions of the hydraulic chamber must be determined in consideration of the behavior of the energy source (explosive, high-speed flying object), and the degree of freedom is considerably small.

The long duration of the pressure and the simultaneous application of impact pressure over a relatively wide range in the hydraulic chamber.

Due to the danger, it is necessary to restrict the installation place or to consider safety.

It is difficult to significantly change the ultimate pressure.

[0017] Only a part of the pressure wave generated in the hydraulic chamber is effectively used (low energy use efficiency).

The structure must not be such that the reflected waves generated on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber or on the surface to be processed can be effectively used.

A large amount of liquid is used as a pressure medium. The vacuum cannot be reduced below the vapor pressure of the liquid itself as the pressure medium.

The workpiece comes into direct contact with the liquid as the pressure medium.

That is, in the first method described above,
The second method has the following disadvantages, and the third method has the following disadvantages.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and provides a method and apparatus for safely and reliably controlling the pattern of generation of impact pressure and decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure. It is intended for.

[0023]

According to the present invention, an object of the present invention relates to a method for generating a detonation pressure wave, wherein a detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture converges with its progress, and is converged by a converging section. In the method of transmitting the obtained high pressure to a pressure medium composed of a liquid, an elastic body, or a combination thereof, and converting the pressure into a liquid pressure or an elastic pressure, changing the shape and dimensions of the pressure chamber accommodating the pressure medium or the physical properties of the pressure medium This can be achieved by generating a different pattern of impact pressure and transmitting the pressure wave to the treated water via the membrane or directly to the treated water by the pressure.

Further, an apparatus for performing the above method includes:
A combustion chamber whose cross-sectional area decreases from one end to the other end,
An ignition chamber in which a fuel supply is provided and an ignition plug is disposed; a plurality of guide paths which are branched from the ignition chamber and extend to communicate with one end of the combustion chamber; A pressure chamber connected to the opening at the other end of the barrel, and a processing chamber facing the pressure chamber and containing processing water, are obtained by installing a replaceable nozzle in the minimum passage cross-sectional area. .

According to the present invention, the pressure chamber has a structure in which the nozzle diameter of the opening connected to the combustion chamber can be changed, and the shape and size of the container storing the pressure medium is adjusted to a shape (for example, a cone) suitable for the treated water.・ Square pyramids, etc.), and by changing the physical properties of the pressure medium in the container, various impact pressure generation patterns suitable for the intended use can be obtained.

On the other hand, when the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is a liquid, if the pressure medium is in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber via the membrane, the combustion chamber is evacuated to a pressure lower than the vapor pressure of the liquid itself. Becomes possible.

If drain means for matching the minimum cross-sectional area with the position of the upper surface of the pressure medium is provided, the highest pressure generating portion in the combustion chamber always coincides with the upper surface. As a result, the transmittance of the pressure wave from the combustion gas to the pressure medium can be maintained at the maximum (the higher the pressure of the combustion gas, the higher the transmittance).

Further, if a side wall is provided so that the cross-sectional area of the passage downstream from the minimum cross-sectional area continuously increases or becomes constant, a discontinuous portion (edge portion) of the inner wall surface is provided.
Thus, a phenomenon such as generation of a new shock wave does not occur, and it is possible to suppress the energy loss on the wall surface due to the propagation of the shock wave.

When the wall shape of the pressure chamber is set so that the rate of increase in the cross-sectional area of the passage monotonously increases (for example,
When the shape of the pressure chamber is set to a conical shape that spreads downstream), the front surface of the shock wave propagating in the pressure chamber propagates while maintaining a substantially spherical shape. For example, if the treated water is installed horizontally in contact with the pressurized position of the pressure chamber, since the shock wave is a spherical wave, an impact load that moves from the central portion to the outer peripheral portion is applied to the treated water. Becomes possible. On the other hand, when the cross-sectional area is set to be a constant value after the passage cross-sectional area is continuously increased with respect to the propagation direction of the shock wave, interference with the wall surface and the shock wave front at a portion where the cross-sectional area is constant are set. Energy exchange and the like occur in the chamber, and the shock wave is exchanged from a spherical shape to a planar shape. And in this case,
For example, it is possible to simultaneously apply an impact load to the entire surface of the treated water with respect to the treated water horizontally installed at the pressurizing position of the pressure chamber.

Further, when the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is liquid, if the pressure medium is brought into contact with the treated water via the membrane, the liquid does not come into direct contact with the treated water, and the liquid is injected into the pressure chamber. Work can be performed under pressure. Therefore, handling of the treated water becomes easy.

When the pressure chamber described above is installed,
The reflected wave generated when the shock wave collides with the pressurized surface returns, converges to the nozzle portion, is reflected at the open end (nozzle portion) on the combustion chamber side, and propagates again toward the pressurized surface. Can be used effectively. That is, by collecting non-uniform reflected waves from the pressurized object at one place, a new shock wave can be reproduced and used as a pressurizing wave.

Further, the apparatus is provided with a supply / discharge device for continuously or intermittently introducing and discharging water to be treated into and from the treatment chamber, and a control device for interlocking the device with the ignition device. Is obtained by

[0033]

In the present invention, the decomposition of the water cluster is obtained in the following manner.

First, a combustible mixed gas having a substantially stoichiometric mixture ratio is filled into a combustion chamber, an induction passage, and an ignition chamber which are communicated with each other.

Next, ignition is performed in an ignition chamber.

When ignited, the flame travels in the combustion chamber via a detour by detonation. that time,
Since each guide path has an equal path, each guide path flame reaches one end of the combustion chamber at the same time.

In the combustion chamber, the flame propagates toward the other end, but since the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber decreases toward the other end, the pressure of the flame increases and reaches a maximum value at the other end. . Since the pressure chamber is connected to the opening at the other end and the upper surface faces the opening, the pressure is transmitted to the pressure medium in the pressure chamber. In this case, the pressure pattern can be changed to a shape suitable for the treated water by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber formed downstream of the other end portion having the minimum cross-sectional area and the physical properties of the pressure medium.

The pressure of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber causes a pressure wave to propagate in the treated water directly or through the membrane, and the water cluster is decomposed.

As a result of an experiment in which a pressure wave was applied to tap water, a remarkable effect was recognized.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the results of analysis of the tap water before and after the treatment, respectively, by ¹⁷ O-NMR. Looking at the ¹⁷ O-NMR spectrum at 20 ° C., the line width of the resonance signal after treatment is narrower than that before treatment.
In other words, this indicates that the movement (molecular motion) of the water molecule group is faster after the treatment than before the treatment, that is, the ratio of the small group is larger.

Therefore, it is considered that the water molecule population (cluster) was decomposed by the pressure wave.

[0042]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a combustion chamber, which has a downward conical shape and has a maximum cross-sectional area at the upper end 1A and a minimum cross-sectional area at the lower end 1B to form a convergent portion.

The inner wall of the upper end portion 1A of the combustion chamber 1 is slightly curved upward, and a plurality of hole-shaped guide paths 2 communicate therewith. The plurality of guide paths 2 are converged on a dispersion space 3 in the shape of a disc space above. An ignition chamber 4 extending upward is communicatively connected to the dispersion chamber 3. An ignition plug 5 operated by an ignition device 6 is provided at an upper portion of the ignition chamber 4, and a fuel supply source 9 and an oxidant supply source 10 are connected via flow meters 7 and 8, respectively. . Reference numeral 11 denotes a pressure gauge for checking the pressure in the ignition chamber 4.

A lower end portion 1B of the combustion chamber 1 is open, a pressure chamber 12 is connected to the lower end portion 1B, and a processing device 13 is provided immediately below the combustion chamber 1 as an example of using hydraulic pressure. The pressure chamber 12 accommodates a liquid such as water as a pressure medium, an elastic body, or a common liquid / elastic body. The upper surface thereof directly faces the lower end 1B of the combustion chamber 1 as shown in the figure. Alternatively, the intermediate surface may be formed of a tough and easily deformable film body. The pressure chamber 12 is connected to the air vent pipe 1 through a valve.
4, and a liquid supply device 15 such as hydraulic water through a valve
Is connected.

The treatment apparatus 13 is provided with an inlet / outlet of water to be treated, and is arranged so that water is supplied or circulated or discharged continuously or intermittently.

In the apparatus of this embodiment, the generation of the impact pressure and the decomposition of the water cluster using the impact pressure are performed as follows.

First, the water to be treated to be subjected to pressure is supplied or circulated to the treatment device 13.

Next, the inside of the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the guide path 2, and the inside of the combustion chamber 1 are set to a predetermined degree of vacuum by the vacuum pump device 17.

Thereafter, the pressure chamber 12 is filled with water in the case of a hydraulic pressure, and the ignition chamber 4, the dispersion chamber 3, the induction path 2 and the combustion chamber 1 contain flammable gas having a substantially stoichiometric mixture ratio. Is charged by the fuel supply source 9 and the oxidant supply source 10.

After the setting is completed, the ignition plug 6 is operated by the ignition device 6. A detonation occurs in the ignition chamber 4 due to the ignition, and the flame is propagated to the upper end 1A of the combustion chamber 1 through the dispersion chamber 3 and the guide path 2. At this time, since the paths of the plurality of taxiways 2 are set to be equal, the flames of the plurality of taxiways 2 reach the upper end 1A at the same time.

In the combustion chamber 1, the flame advances from the upper end 1A to the lower end 1B. However, since the cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber 1 gradually decreases downward, the pressure increases and the lower end 1B. Extremely high pressure.

A replaceable nozzle 12 ′ is set at the opening of the lower end 1 B of the combustion chamber 1, and the upper surface of the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 12 faces, so that the high pressure is transmitted to the pressure medium. Then, the water in the treatment device 13 is pressurized to decompose the water cluster. That is, according to previous research,
When a shock wave or pressure wave passes through the water to be treated, a dynamic high pressure is applied to the water itself, breaking the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.If there are bubbles, strong vortices are generated around them. It is known that local compressive and shearing forces act instantaneously with this. Therefore, the water cluster becomes smaller, and gas (such as chalk) is also expelled.

Thereafter, the water to be treated is exchanged or recovered, and the above-mentioned steps (1) to (4) are repeated.
Water clusters can be decomposed one after another.

In the present embodiment, the decomposition treatment of the water cluster is described as a method of using the impact high pressure. However, it can be widely used in other fields such as other kinds of pressurization or a driving source.

In the present invention, the impact pressure can be changed depending on the filling pressure (amount) or the mixture ratio of the combustible mixed gas charged into the combustion chamber. What can be done is as described above. For example, by changing the shape and size of the pressure chamber (for example, replacement of the nozzle in the above) and the physical properties of the pressure medium, various patterns can be changed to conform to the processing target. The effects of typical changes will be described below.

(A) Influence of nozzle diameter at opening Detonation wave and shock wave in the combustion chamber are
The convergence is repeated several times, and each time the convergence occurs, an impact ultrahigh pressure is generated at the center of the convergence. Since the pressure value at this time shows a higher value as it approaches the convergence center, the value of the impact pressure generated in the pressure chamber becomes higher as the nozzle diameter becomes smaller. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a pressure waveform when the nozzle diameter is relatively small. By setting the nozzle diameter small, the waveform becomes high in peak pressure and short in duration, and high pressure is repeatedly generated several times. Conversely, when the nozzle diameter is increased, a waveform having a low peak pressure and a long duration is generated as shown in FIG. In this case, the number of pressure wave repetitions is smaller than in the case of FIG.

(B) Influence of the distance from the opening to the pressing position When the shock wave propagates in the pressure medium, the ultimate pressure is a function of the ultimate distance (L in FIG. 3). For example, when the pressure medium is water, according to conventional research, the ultimate pressure is inversely proportional to the ultimate distance to the 1.15 power as shown in the following equation.

Pmax∝1 / L ^1.15 where Pmax is the ultimate pressure and L is the ultimate distance. Therefore, by adopting a structure in which the distance from the opening to the pressing position can be arbitrarily changed, the ultimate pressure on the pressing surface can be arbitrarily set.

(C) Influence of Physical Properties of Pressure Medium in Pressure Chamber The properties of the shock wave obtained on the pressurized surface in the pressure chamber strongly depend on the physical properties of the pressure medium. That is, using a pressure medium with a high density or sound velocity value produces a wave with a high peak pressure and a relatively short duration, while a medium with a low density or sound velocity value results in a lower peak pressure and a longer duration. A long wave is obtained.

(D) Influence of the shape of the pressure chamber The shape and dimensions of the impact pressure generating portion (in the present embodiment, the nozzle portion) have little degree of freedom in the conventional hydraulic pressure generating method. Accordingly, the degree of freedom in selecting the impact pressure generation pattern (peak pressure, duration, etc.) is considerably narrow.

In the case of the present invention, unlike the conventional impact hydraulic pressure generation method, since a bullet, a piston, an explosive, or the like is not used, the degree of freedom in selecting the shape of the pressure chamber is large.

Thus, the following advantages are obtained by adopting the above-described pressure chamber shape.

By setting the pressure chamber to a divergent shape and installing treated water at the end, it is possible to minimize the generation of shock waves that do not involve pressurization (for example, in the case of conventional underwater explosive molding, Energy explosion energy is dispersed in the 360 ° direction, so the energy utilization efficiency is considerably low).

By setting the shape of the pressure chamber so that the reflected waves generated on the surface of the treated water converge at one place, the reflected waves can be regenerated and strengthened, and can be transmitted again for pressurization. Even if it is collected in one place, it can be reproduced as a high intensity wave).

By setting the pressure chamber to a conical shape,
A uniform spherical shock wave can be generated.

By additionally providing a cylindrical pressure chamber whose thickness can be arbitrarily changed downstream of the conical pressure chamber, a shock wave having an arbitrary curvature from a spherical wave to a plane wave can be generated (conventionally). With technology, one device can select only one type of shock wave (hydraulic pressure) generation pattern).

In the pressure chamber, since there is no wall surface perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the shock wave (except for the processed portion), damage to components related to the pressure chamber due to the shock wave can be suppressed to a small level.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the drawing, the same parts as those of the previous embodiment shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In this embodiment, the combustion chamber 1 ′ is formed in a horizontal shape extending in a radial direction. The combustion chamber 1 ′ has a shape in which the cross-sectional area decreases toward the center by the upper wall surface of a part of a substantially spherical surface that bulges downward. A combustion chamber 1 ′ communicates with the pressure chamber 12 at the center.

According to the apparatus of this embodiment, it is convenient when the dimensions of the apparatus cannot be increased. The operation is the same as that of the previous embodiment. After the flame reaches the peripheral portion 1'A, which is one end of the combustion chamber 1 ', from the guide path 2, the flame travels toward the central portion 1'B, which is the other end. proceed. As it proceeds, the pressure becomes very high as the cross-sectional area decreases. Then, the high pressure is transmitted to the pressure medium in the pressure chamber 12, and the impact pressure is applied to the treatment water 16 in the treatment device 13 to perform the decomposition treatment of the water cluster.

[0072]

Since the present invention is configured as described above,
In this method, compared to the conventional method, it is possible to obtain an impact pressure that is inexpensive, easily rises steeply, and has excellent characteristics, and that the shape and dimensions of the pressure chamber and the physical properties of the pressure medium to be housed are reduced. By changing, the impact pressure can be controlled in various patterns suitable for the treated water, and the effect of decomposing water clusters can be obtained.

Further, according to the device of the present invention, since explosives are not used unlike the conventional bullet driving type and explosion type, the device is not restricted by the setting, and the impact pressure is continuously generated. The effect of being able to do so is obtained.
And since an impact pressure can be obtained easily and safely, full-scale application in a wide industrial field such as a pressurizing field becomes possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state before treatment in evaluation of water by ¹⁷ O-NMR method.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state after treatment by evaluation of water by ¹⁷ O-NMR method.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a hydraulic pressure waveform chart by one nozzle in the apparatus in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a hydraulic pressure waveform diagram of another nozzle in the apparatus of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 combustion chamber 1A one end (upper end) 1B other end (lower end) 2 guideway 4 ignition chamber 5 ignition plug 12 pressure chamber 12 'nozzle 13 treatment device (chamber) 16 treated water

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Tsuji 1-2-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-4-176381 (JP, A)

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. A detonation wave generated by igniting a combustible air-fuel mixture converges with its progress, and a high pressure obtained in a converging portion is transmitted to a liquid, an elastic body, or a pressure medium composed of a combination thereof. In the method of converting into a hydraulic pressure or an elastic pressure, a different pattern of impact pressure is generated by changing the shape and size of a pressure chamber for accommodating a pressure medium or physical properties of the pressure medium, and a pressure wave is transmitted to water to be treated. Water cluster decomposition method using detonation pressure. 2. A combustion chamber having a cross-sectional area decreasing from one end to the other end, an ignition chamber provided with an ignition plug receiving fuel supply, and a branch extending from the ignition chamber and extending from one end of the combustion chamber. A plurality of guide paths having the same path communicating with each other, a pressure chamber connected to an opening at the other end, which is a minimum cross-sectional area of the combustion chamber, and a treatment chamber facing the pressure chamber and containing treated water. A water cluster decomposer based on detonation pressure, wherein a replaceable nozzle is installed in the minimum passage cross-sectional area. 3. The apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure according to claim 2, wherein the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is in contact with the gas in the combustion chamber via the membrane. 4. An apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure according to claim 2, further comprising drain means for matching the minimum passage cross-sectional area with the position of the upper surface of the pressure medium. 5. The apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure according to claim 2, wherein the cross-sectional area of the wall surface downstream from the minimum passage cross-sectional area is continuously increased or constant. 6. The apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure according to claim 2, wherein the pressure medium in the pressure chamber is in contact with the treated water via the membrane. 7. A supply / discharge device for continuously or intermittently introducing and discharging treated water into and from the treatment chamber, and the device and the ignition device are interlocked so that the solution can be treated continuously. The apparatus for decomposing water clusters by detonation pressure according to claim 2, wherein the apparatus is disposed in a water cluster.