JPH05305275A - Method and device for processing waste such as plastic by vacuum heating - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To process plastic waste for recycling. CONSTITUTION:A material to be processed is heated in a decompressed container (vacuum furnace) using a heater 4 for thermal decomposition. The material is thus processed in the separated form of gas and a carbonized product or an intermediate. The useful gaseous product is recycled as it is, while the harmful gaseous product is easily processed by using the subject device which is simplified in terms of function and structure. In addition, the carbonized product or the intermediate can be used as a raw material for fuel or a material for civil and/or building work.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating wastes such as plastics by vacuum heating for separating wastes such as plastics into evaporates and carbides or intermediates.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A large amount of wastes such as plastics are discharged from general households, hospitals, hotels or factories. The wastes such as plastics are currently incinerated together with other wastes in a refuse incinerator. The combustion heat of waste such as plastic is used as a heat source for generating electricity or obtaining hot water.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When garbage such as plastics is incinerated together with other garbage in a garbage incinerator as in the conventional case, harmful gases such as chlorine gas generated by burning the garbage such as plastics Is mixed with the combustion gas of other refuse, and a large amount of combustion gas is discharged from the refuse incinerator. And
Although a large amount of gas containing this harmful gas is processed and released into the atmosphere, a large-scale exhaust gas processing device is required to process this combustion gas, which is an economic problem.
In addition, when only plastic waste is burned after separating it from other waste, the burning temperature of the plastic waste is high, so the furnace wall of the incinerator is burned out and the useful life of the incinerator is shortened. There is. Further, when the waste such as plastic is discarded as it is without being treated, the waste such as plastic does not spontaneously decompose and remains as a harmful substance permanently, which causes a problem in environmental destruction or environmental pollution.

Further, from the viewpoint of effective utilization of waste such as plastic, conventionally, the combustion heat of the waste is only utilized, and it is presently insufficient as utilization of waste such as plastic. is there.

The present invention does not burn wastes such as plastics together with other wastes to reduce the volume and discards them, but separates and recovers the wastes such as plastics into a gas body and a carbide or an intermediate to recover the plastics. Make maximum use of waste such as
The present invention provides a method and apparatus for treating waste such as plastic by vacuum heating which solves the above problems.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems According to the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, the inside of a furnace into which an object to be processed is charged is depressurized, and then the object to be processed is heated by a heater to be removed from the object to be processed. It is characterized in that the object to be treated is carbonized or intermediated while the evaporated material evaporated in vacuum is recovered by a recovery device, and the vacuum evaporated material and the carbide or intermediate are separated and processed.

The apparatus for carrying out this method is such that a vacuum pump is connected to the decompression container, a recovery device is arranged between the vacuum pump and the decompression container, and a heating device is provided in the decompression container. It is a feature.

[0008]

Since the present invention is constructed in this manner, the inside of the decompression container containing the object to be processed is decompressed by the vacuum pump, and then the object to be processed is heated by the heater, so that Waste) is pyrolyzed. The gas obtained by this thermal decomposition and the intermediate substance, for example, a liquid, are recovered by a recovery device. On the other hand, since the object to be treated (waste such as plastic) heated by the heater is thermally decomposed in vacuum, the temperature of this thermal decomposition becomes low according to the degree of vacuum, and the furnace wall is not burned. In this way, the object to be treated is thermally decomposed in a vacuum atmosphere and is treated in a state of being separated into a gas and a solid or liquid intermediate.

[0009]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the apparatus will be described. In FIG. 1, a decompression container 1 is provided with a jig 2 for accommodating an object to be processed. Reference numeral 3 is a door for sealing the decompression container 1.
The decompression container 1 is provided with a heater 4, and the heater 4 is operated by a control panel 5. 4 is a thermocouple. In addition, the decompression container 1 has a pipe 7
A vacuum pump 8 is connected via the, and a first recovery device 9, a second recovery device 10 and a third recovery device 11 (a plurality of recovery devices) are arranged in the middle of the vacuum pump 8.

Next, a method for treating an object to be treated using this apparatus will be described. The object to be treated (waste such as plastic) is put into the jig 2 provided in the decompression container 1, the door 3 is closed and the decompression container 1 is hermetically closed, and the decompression container 1 is decompressed by the vacuum pump 8. It Next, control panel 5
Is operated to heat the object to be processed while adjusting the output of the heater 4. The object heated by the heater 4 is thermally decomposed at a temperature according to the degree of vacuum. Thus, the pyrolysis can be performed at a low temperature according to the degree of vacuum, so that the furnace wall of the decompression container 1 will not be burned.

The gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the object to be treated is recovered by the first recovery device 9, the second recovery device 10 and the third recovery device 11 according to the type of gas generated. For example, a substance that adsorbs hydrogen gas adsorbs and recovers hydrogen gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the object to be treated, and in the case of chlorine gas, it is brought into contact with scorching iron to recover chlorine gas as iron chloride. To do.

On the other hand, the object to be treated (waste such as plastic) is heated in a vacuum and thus becomes a carbide or an intermediate without burning. In this way, the gas generated by the thermal decomposition of the object to be processed is recovered by the first recovery device 9, the second recovery device 10 and the third recovery device 11, so that the object to be processed is gas and carbide or an intermediate product. It is processed in a separated state. By separating and recovering in this manner, the effective gas is reused, and the process of the unuseful gas is facilitated. Further, the object to be treated that has become a carbide or an intermediate is reused as a raw material for fuel such as briquettes or a material for civil engineering and construction.

[0013]

As described in detail above, according to the present invention, an object to be processed is heated by a heater in a decompression container (vacuum furnace) to be thermally decomposed and separated into a gas body and a carbide or an intermediate for processing. As a result, the useful gas body can be reused as it is, and the harmful gas can be easily treated to simplify the gas treatment apparatus. The carbide or the intermediate can be used as a raw material of fuel or a material for civil engineering and construction. Further, since it is pyrolyzed in a vacuum, its temperature can be low and there is no burning of the furnace wall such as a decompression vessel. This can significantly extend the life of the furnace such as the decompression container. By treating the waste such as plastic in this way, the waste such as the plastic is not disposed of without being treated, and the destruction of the natural environment can be surely prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention in a partially longitudinal section.

[Explanation of sign]

 1 Decompression container 2 Jig 4 Heater 8 Vacuum pump 9 First recovery device 10 Second recovery device 11 Third recovery device

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A furnace in which a material to be processed is charged is decompressed, and then the material to be processed is heated by a heater to collect an evaporated material vacuum-evaporated from the material to be processed by a recovery device and carbonize the material to be processed. Alternatively, a method of treating wastes such as plastics by vacuum heating, which is characterized by converting the intermediates into intermediates and separating the vacuum evaporation products and the carbides or intermediates for processing. 2. A vacuum-heated plastic or the like characterized in that a vacuum pump is connected to the decompression container, a recovery device is disposed between the vacuum pump and the decompression container, and a heating device is provided in the decompression container. Waste treatment equipment.