JP3217673B2 - Equipment for treating organic waste containing metals - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a car shredder dust (which is obtained by removing an engine, underbody, outer skin, etc. from a car and then shredding the car shredder dust to a size of 10 cm or less, in addition to organic substances such as plastics, sponge and rubber). It contains about half of inorganic materials such as iron flakes, copper wires, and glass. The following is abbreviated as CSD.), Municipal waste, industrial waste, and other organic wastes including metals. It relates to a processing device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, organic waste containing metals such as CSD has been often disposed of directly in landfills. However, leakage of harmful substances in landfills has occurred, and securing of landfills has become a problem. Is developing incineration technology such as CSD.

[0003]

When organic waste such as CSD is incinerated as it is, a large amount of black smoke (unburned carbon) is generated.
In addition to the following problems.

[0004] (1) NO _x from plastics such as urethane, CO is also HCl from vinyl chloride 500
It is generated in a large amount of 1000 ppm or more, and a large cost is required for its removal.

(2) HCl corrodes equipment, especially high-temperature heat transfer tubes, so that it is difficult to generate high-temperature steam, and power generation efficiency is low in power plants. Even if limestone or the like is introduced for removing HCl, it hardly reacts at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or more, and the amount of ash to be treated increases.

(3) Since the generated HCl is diluted by a large amount of exhaust gas, treating the generated HCl requires an HCl removing device corresponding to a large amount of combustion gas having a low concentration, and the initial cost is large.

(4) The incineration residue contains various substances such as various metals, glass, and ash, and it is difficult to separate and recover valuable resources from the incineration residue.

[0008] The present invention relates to clean gas gasified from organic waste containing metals such as car shredder dust, municipal solid waste and industrial waste, and lead, tin, zinc, aluminum,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing apparatus capable of collecting valuable metals such as copper and iron without pollution.

[0009]

According to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a mobile stoker is divided into two or more chambers, and conditions suitable for removing chlorine, gasifying by partial combustion, recovering valuable metals, and the like, respectively. And a separate processing device. The details are as follows.

(1) Removal of chlorine and recovery of lead and tin in the room A. HCl is mainly generated from vinyl chloride, and the appropriate value of the desalination reaction from vinyl chloride is 250 ° as shown in FIG.
３５０350 ° C. At 250 ° C. or lower, the desalting reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and at 350 ° C. or higher, the thermal decomposition reaction of the plastics becomes intense, hydrocarbon gas is generated, and coking produces a residue mainly composed of carbon. Therefore, the organic waste containing metal is firstly subjected to removal of chlorine in an atmosphere at 250 ° C. to 350 ° C. in the room A, and recovery of lead, tin and the like melted in the process.

(2) Gasification by partial combustion in chamber B and recovery of lead, zinc, aluminum and the like. The plastics desalted in the chamber A is gasified by partial combustion with a gasifying agent containing oxygen and water vapor to generate a clean gas. In this case, in order to generate a clean gas by partial combustion, as shown in FIG. 5, the equivalent ratio of oxygen to plastics is 0.4 to 1.0, and the equivalent ratio of water vapor is 0.5 to 5 in appropriate ranges. And the gasification temperature is 70
0 ° to 1000 ° C. is appropriate.

That is, if the equivalent ratio of oxygen is small, the partial combustion / gasification temperature does not rise to 700 ° C. or more, so that self-combustion is not possible. On the other hand, when the oxygen equivalent ratio is large and the steam equivalent ratio is small, the gasification temperature due to partial combustion becomes 1000 ° C. or more, so that coking occurs and a residue containing black smoke and carbon is generated. Table 1 shows the melting points of the metals.
By setting the temperature to 000 ° C., lead, zinc, aluminum and the like can be melted and recovered.

[0013]

[Table 1]

In addition to the above treatments, when it is desired to recover copper and iron contained in the residue, the above-mentioned room A,
A movable stoker furnace provided with chamber C and the like in addition to chamber B as follows is used.

(3) Recovery of copper in chamber C. After gasifying all organic matter by partial combustion, iron,
Copper, glass, ash, etc. remain, but the temperature is 1050 ° -1
By providing a movable stoker furnace with a C chamber at 200 ° C., copper can be melted and recovered.

(4) Recovery of iron at the outlet hopper. After cooling the residue containing iron, glass, and ash, the iron can be separated and recovered by magnetic separation or the like in a state containing almost no other metal.

In the processing apparatus using the movable stoker furnace according to the present invention described above, the heating gas is supplied from the lower part in the chambers A and C and discharged from the upper part, and the gasification is performed in the chamber B. It is preferable that the agent is supplied from the upper part and discharged from the lower part, because the lower temperature of the incineration residue in each chamber is higher than the upper temperature, so that the metal can be easily melted and dropped.

In addition to the above-described processing apparatus using a mobile stoker furnace, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by using a plurality of combustion furnaces, and removing chlorine in each combustion furnace and gasifying by partial combustion. In addition, a processing apparatus that separately performs energy and valuable resource (metal) recovery under appropriate conditions is also employed. The details are as follows.

(5) Removal of chlorine in the combustion furnace A and recovery of lead and tin. In the combustion furnace A, chlorine is removed at 250 ° C. to 350 ° C. for the reason described above with reference to FIG. 4, and lead, tin, and the like melted in the process are collected. The carrier gas for transporting the generated HCl to the outside of the combustion furnace system (the heating gas contributing to the above-mentioned heating reaction) is made as small as possible, and the HC in the carrier gas is minimized.
Then, desalting is performed by using a chlorine absorption device (for example, NaOH spraying) at the rear of the system in an operation in which the concentration is increased. The molten lead, tin and the like are dropped into the lower part of the combustion furnace, stored in a collection container, and then collected and reused as valuable resources.

(6) Gasification in the combustion furnace B and recovery of lead, zinc and aluminum. The incinerated material containing plastics desalted as described above in the combustion furnace A is moved to the combustion furnace B. In the combustion furnace B, the desalted plastics is partially burned by charging a gasifying agent containing oxygen and water vapor to generate clean gas.

At this time, the equivalent ratio of oxygen and water vapor to the plastics is as follows, for the reason described with reference to FIG.
The appropriate ranges are 0.4 to 1.0 and 0.5 to 5, respectively, and the appropriate gasification temperature is 700 to 1000 ° C. The generated clean gas is stored in a clean gas storage container outside the system. The heat input for obtaining the initial gasification temperature utilizes the above-mentioned clean gas or other fuel.

In the process of gasification by partial combustion in the combustion furnace B, molten metals such as lead, zinc, and aluminum fall to the lower part of the combustion furnace and are stored in a recovery container, and are recovered as valuable resources and reused.

In addition to the above treatments, when it is desired to further recover copper and iron contained in the residue, in addition to the above-described combustion furnaces A and B, a combustion furnace C and the like are further provided as follows. Configuration.

(7) Recovery of Cu in combustion furnace C Move the incineration residue including iron, copper, glass, ash etc. after gasification by partial combustion of all organic substances in the combustion furnace B,
It is charged into a combustion furnace C and heated with a combustion gas having a temperature of 1050 ° to 1200 ° C.

As a result, the copper contained in the incineration residue is melted, falls to the lower part of the combustion furnace, and is stored in a recovery container.
Collect and reuse as valuables. Combustion furnace B for heating gas
The clean gas generated by the above or a high-temperature gas by another fuel is ventilated.

(8) Recovery of iron from the residue. The residue in the combustion furnace C contains iron, glass and ash. After cooling outside the system, the iron is recovered by magnetic separation or the like. The remaining residue cannot be recycled and contains no harmful substances, so landfill.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an apparatus for treating organic waste containing metals according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiment shown in FIGS.

(First Embodiment) First, an apparatus according to a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a movable stoker, which supplies a CSD 3 from a hopper 2 onto the closed movable stoker 1. The movable stoker 1 is partitioned into a room A, a room B, and a room C by a partition wall 4.

First, the supplied CSD 3 is supplied from the lower part of the gasified gas (1) 6 of the gasified gas 5 generated in the chamber B in the chamber A by 250 ° to 3 °.
Heated to 50 ° C., Cl mainly contained in vinyl chloride is extracted as HCl-containing gas 7. The HCl-containing gas 7 is obtained by removing HCl with lime water 9 in a scrubber 8.
It is supplied to the boiler 10.

When the CSD 11 desalted in the chamber A is moved to the chamber B, the gasification agent 12 containing oxygen and water vapor is supplied from above in the chamber B, so that the organic substances are 700 ° to 1000 ° C.
The gas is partially burned at a temperature of 0 ° C. and gasified, and becomes a gasified gas 5 containing a combustible gas such as H ₂ and CO. A part of the gasification gas (1) 6 of the gasification gas 5 is sent to the room A, and the remaining gasification gas (2) 13 is sent to the boiler 10 and burned by the air 14 supplied at the same time. Is steam 1 by heat transfer device 15.
Collected as 6. Further, in the chamber B, the low melting point metal 17 is melted and separated from the CSD 11.

The inorganic substance 18 from which organic substances and low-melting-point metals have been removed in the chambers A and B is supplied from the lower side with the high-temperature combustion gas 19 generated in the boiler 10 from 1000 ° to 12 °.
Heated to 00 ° C., mainly copper 20 is recovered. Glass,
Iron chips and other residues 21 containing ash are discharged through a hopper 22.

(Second Embodiment) Next, an apparatus according to a second embodiment shown in FIG. 3 will be described. This apparatus shown in FIG. 3 has three combustion furnaces 31, 31b and 31c. First, an incineration material 32a made of organic waste containing metal is put into the combustion furnace 31. A metal recovery container 33a is provided below the combustion furnace 31, and a chlorine adsorption device 34 is provided outside the system.
Are connected by an exhaust pipe 41b.

On the other hand, the fuel supplied from the fuel supply device 51 is burned by the high-temperature gas generator 52 to become exhaust gas, which is sent to the heater 53 (at this time, the heater 54 may or may not be bypassed). , The temperature in the combustion furnace 31 is 250 °
The carrier gas 35 is heated to a temperature of about 350 ° C.
The carrier gas 35 is supplied to the combustion furnace 31 via the supply pipe 35a to heat the incinerated material 32a.

From the heated incineration material 32a, HCl 34
a is generated, sent to the chlorine adsorption device 34 outside the system together with the carrier gas 35, desalted, released into the atmosphere after heat recovery by a heat exchanger (not shown) or the like. On the other hand, the molten metal (such as tin) is collected in the metal collection container 33a via the discharge pipe 41a.

The residue of the incinerated material 32a desalted in the combustion furnace 31 becomes 32b and is moved into the combustion furnace 31b by means of a transport device (not shown) or the like. A metal recovery container 33b is connected to the lower part of the combustion furnace 31b, and a sensible heat recovery device 36 and a clean gas storage container 37 for clean gas generated in the combustion furnace 31b are connected to the upper part. The oxygen and steam supplied from the oxygen (air) / steam supply device 38 are heated by the heater 54 and sent to the combustion furnace 31b.

The clean gas 37 generated in the combustion furnace 31b
a is sent to the clean gas storage container 37 via the exhaust pipes 42a and 42b. The oxygen and steam supplied from the oxygen / steam supply device 38 are supplied from the upper part of the combustion furnace 31b through the supply pipe 38a, and the generated clean gas 37
a is taken out from the lower part. This is incineration residue 32
The lower temperature of b is intended to be higher than that of the upper portion, and the directions may be reversed.

The clean gas 37a in the clean gas storage container 37 is supplied to the high-temperature gas generator 52 by the air supply pipe 42c, but may be directly supplied from the combustion furnace 31b to the high-temperature gas generator 52 via the air supply pipe 42d. I can't tell. The metal (lead, zinc, aluminum, etc.) melted in the gasification process is recovered in the metal recovery container 33b.

The combustibles are converted into clean gas in the combustion furnace 31b, and the residue of the incineration residue 32b from which the metal has been recovered is converted into a combustion product 32c, which is moved into the combustion furnace 31c by means of a transport device (not shown) or the like. You.

The gas generated by the high-temperature gas generator 52 is supplied to the combustion furnace 31c via the supply pipe 52a, and the incineration residue 32
Heat c. At the lower part of the combustion furnace 31c, a metal collection container 3
3c is connected. The molten metal (copper) is collected in the metal collection container 33c. The air supply position to the combustion furnace 31c may be either upper or lower.

The heated gas passes through an air supply pipe 43a and a heat exchanger 39, and is then released to the atmosphere after heat recovery, or part of the gas is sent again to a high-temperature gas generator 52 through an air supply pipe 43b.
The gas passing through the heaters 54 and 53 is supplied to a heat exchanger 55 and a chimney 56.
It is released to the atmosphere through.

The incineration residue 32c after the metal is recovered in the combustion furnace 31c becomes the incineration residue 32d and is cooled inside or outside the system. Iron content is recovered from the residue 32d by magnetic separation or the like. The remaining ash etc. after that will be landfilled.

In the figure, the incinerated material 32a and the residue 32
Although b, 32c, and 32d are stored in the container, the container having a sufficient opening in the periphery is illustrated as being supposed to be movable as an example. Absent.

[0043]

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, an organic waste containing a metal is introduced into a container at 250 ° to 3 °.
A room for removing chlorine in an atmosphere of 50 ° C., and the organic waste passing through the A room is treated with a gasifying agent containing oxygen and water vapor for 7 hours.
Provided is a processing apparatus having a movable stoker furnace divided into a chamber B for partially burning at 00 ° to 1000 ° C. to gasify and melting and recovering a low melting point metal such as lead, zinc, and aluminum.

With this device, it is possible to continuously recover heat energy and valuable metals from organic waste containing metals such as CSD without pollution. Furthermore, 1000 ° -1
By providing a C chamber with an atmosphere of 200 ° C., the apparatus can melt and recover copper.

Further, 3 according to the present invention, the object to be processed is moved successively charged in a batch from one of the combustion furnace to the next combustion furnace
It has a plurality of combustion furnaces, and a lower part of each combustion furnace is provided with a recovery device for the contained metal that is melted in the incineration process, and one of the combustion furnaces is
Organically heated to 250-350 ° C by heating gas
Generates HCl from system waste and molten gold such as tin
A first combustion furnace for recovering the genus
A second method for receiving a combustion residue from the combustion furnace 1 and providing a supply device for air or oxygen and water vapor and a storage facility for generated unburned gas to recover molten metals such as lead, zinc, and aluminum.
The other is fired by a high-temperature gas generator.
The generated gas is supplied and the combustion residue of the second combustion furnace is removed.
In a batch-type processing apparatus having a third combustion furnace configured to receive and heat and recover copper, the combustion furnace is operated in an optimum operation state according to a processed material to achieve CSD. It is possible to recover thermal energy and recover valuable metals from organic waste containing metals such as non-polluting.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing functions of a mobile stoker furnace in the processing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a configuration of a processing apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a temperature when vinyl chloride is heated and a desalination ratio.

FIG. 5 is a view showing an equivalent ratio of oxygen and water vapor and a gasification state when plastics is gasified by a gasifying agent containing oxygen and water vapor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Mobile stoker furnace 2 Hopper 3 Car shredder dust (C
SD) 4 Partition wall 5 Gasification gas 6 Gasification gas (1) 7 HCl-containing gas 8 Scrubber 9 Lime water 10 Boiler 11 Desalted CSD 12 Gasifier 13 Gasification gas (2) 14 Air 15 Heat exchanger 16 Vapor 17 Low melting point metal 18 Inorganic substance 19 Combustion gas 20 Copper 21 Residue 22 Hopper 31, 31b, 31c Combustion furnace 32a Incineration 32b, 32c, 32d Incineration residue 33a, 33b, 33c Metal recovery container 34 Chlorine adsorption device 34a HCl 35 Carrier Gas 35a supply pipe 36 sensible heat recovery device 37 clean gas storage container 37a clean gas 38 oxygen / steam supply device 38a supply pipe 39 heat exchanger 41a discharge pipe 41b exhaust pipe 42a, 42b exhaust pipe 42c, 42d air supply pipe 43a, 43b transmission Trachea 51 Fuel supply device 52 Hot gas generator 5 a supply pipe 53, 54 heater 55 heat exchanger 56 a chimney

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Yuichi Hino 5-717-1 Fukahori-cho, Nagasaki-shi Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Nagasaki Research Laboratory (72) Inventor Masayasu Sakai 5-717-1 Fukahori-cho, Nagasaki-shi Nagaishi Within Engineering Co., Ltd. (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B09B 3/00-5/00 F23G 5/00 F27B 9/00-9/40

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An organic waste containing a metal is charged and 25
A room for removing chlorine in an atmosphere of 0 ° to 350 ° C., and the organic waste passed through the A room is partially burned and gasified at 700 ° to 1000 ° C. with a gasifying agent containing oxygen and water vapor. An apparatus for treating organic waste containing metals, comprising a mobile stoker furnace divided into two chambers, a chamber B for melting and recovering low-melting metals such as lead, zinc and aluminum. 2. The mobile stoker furnace is provided with a chamber C for melting and recovering copper mainly in an atmosphere of 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. of an inorganic substance containing a high melting point metal, glass, ash, etc. which has passed through the chamber B. An apparatus for treating an organic waste containing metal according to claim 1. 3. The chamber A and the chamber C are configured such that a heating gas is supplied from below and discharged from above, and in the chamber B, the gasifying agent is supplied from above and discharged from below. An apparatus for treating an organic waste containing the metal according to 2. 4. The object to be processed has three combustion furnace to be moved inserted from one combustion furnace sequentially batch to the next combustion furnace, containing metal in the bottom of each combustion furnace which melts incineration process One of the combustion furnaces is heated by a heating gas.
HCl from organic waste by heating to 0-350 ° C
The first fuel that generates and collects molten metal such as tin
A furnace, and another one is a combustion furnace from the first combustion furnace.
Accept the residue provided with a storage facility of unburnt gas generated with feeder of air or oxygen and water vapor lead, zinc, A
This is the second combustion furnace that recovers molten metal such as lumi
One of them is supplied with gas generated by a hot gas generator.
Receiving and heating the combustion residue of the second furnace,
Processor of organic waste containing metal, wherein the third combustion furnace der Rukoto to recover.