JPH0529760B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The invention relates to a partial cross-section excavation machine with a support arm, the support arm consisting of two mutually hinged parts, of which the machine base The axis of rotation, in which the lower support arm part is supported by two adjusting cylinders connected to the machine base and can be loaded on both sides, and the upper support arm part is oriented towards the extension plane. This type of cutter supports a cylindrical cutter drum and a drive motor disposed inside the drum.

BACKGROUND ART A tunnel excavation machine in which a cylindrical cutter drum rotates around an axis directed toward the extension surface and is driven by a motor inserted into the drum body is disclosed in West German Patent No. 1234170. It is described in. The cutter drum and the motor are arranged in a common holder, which is mounted on a guide rail for lateral movement. The guide rail extends across the entire width of the shaft and is held by arms. The arm is pivotable in a vertical plane about a pivot pin of the machine and holds the guide rail adjustable over the height of the shaft together with the drive motor and cutter drum.

Furthermore, DE 20 37 317 A1 describes a drilling tool for an excavation machine or an excavating machine, which drilling tool is arranged entirely or in part inside the tool body. Equipped with a motor. The opening tool is constructed as a cylindrical cutter drum and is mounted on a two-part support arm so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the extension surface. The outer support arm part assigned to the cutter drum can be telescopically extended and retracted relative to the support arm part attached to the machine base, in which case the latter support arm part can be It is pivotable about an axis and about a horizontal axis.

A rock mining device for a tunneling machine is also known, the tool support of which consists of a tripod head (German Patent Application No. 2 615 597). The tripod head is held by and hingedly connected to the ends of a plurality of reciprocating piston transmissions, and these reciprocating piston transmissions bring the tripod head to a desired position within the tunnel cross section. A common control device is used to load the reciprocating piston transmission assigned to the tripod head, but also to move the tripod head and the associated reciprocating piston transmission in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

Finally, a device became known from US Pat. No. 2,801,092. The device comprises a telescopingly extendable boring tool arranged concentrically with respect to the longitudinal axis, which makes a deep penetration of relatively small diameter in the center of the shaft to be excavated. form. The tool has a conical configuration and tapers towards the end. The tool has a circumferential surface with a helical thread extending over its entire length, which aids in the penetration of the tool into the ore. A suitably configured tool, which is supported on supporting arms which can be pivoted in all directions on both sides of the tool, is used to undercut the edge area of the shaft to be excavated and thus to form deep slits or intrusions here. This reduces the need for digging on the undercut extension surface of a conical tool working in the center of the tunnel. The above two support arms are supported on the machine base in a ball joint, and each
It is held by two adjusting cylinders. The upper adjusting cylinder acts pivotably about a vertical axis on the support arm extension with a piston rod, the adjusting cylinder being supported at its rear end by means of a cruciform joint on the flange of the ball joint. A second adjusting cylinder located below this adjusting cylinder acts pivotably about a horizontal axis on the extension of the support arm and also pivotably about a horizontal axis on the flange of the ball joint. Supported.

Only the tunnel boring machine described in the first-mentioned publication is able to precisely cut the contour of the cross-section of the tunnel to be dug with its cutter drum. In contrast, all the machines described in the later-mentioned publications cut only approximately the cross-section of the tunnel with their mining tools. That is, these machines leave ore ribs on the shaft floor or shaft ceiling, but also on the shaft side walls; this rib, due to the sloping position of the support arm, makes it difficult for cutter drums to have a contour break at the outermost edge of this drum. It cannot be grasped without penetrating more or less deeply into the ceiling or into the shaft floor or into the side walls of the shaft. Due to this, the backfilling work during the installation of shoring makes the tunnel excavation extremely expensive and also impairs the stability of the rock within the shaft. The machine according to the first mentioned publication allows contour-accurate cutting, but for this purpose it requires a guide rail that extends over the entire width of the shaft, onto which the cutter drum can be moved laterally. Possibly located. This type of construction prevents access to the extension plane, and partial cross-section excavation machines of this type of construction can only be used for excavating rectangular or square shaft cross sections.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention An object of the present invention is to use a support arm that is hingedly supported on a machine base to form a cylindrical cutter drum that faces the cutting surface and rotates about its axis. The object of the present invention is to find a partial cross-section excavation machine that makes it possible to guide over the entire cross-section of a shaft profile and to cut this shaft cross-section precisely to the contour.

Means for Solving the Problems The means of the present invention for solving the above problems are as follows:
A partial cross-section excavating machine of the type mentioned at the outset, comprising: (a) a cruciform or ball-and-socket joint connecting the two supporting arm parts to each other and two adjusting cylinders arranged on either side of this joint; The cylinders are in each case supported via a cruciform or ball joint on the lower support arm part, and the piston rods are each supported on the upper part via a cruciform or ball joint outside the plane containing the axis of rotation of the cutter drum. Points of action of the piston rods acting on the arm parts and acting on the cruciform or ball joints and piston rods of the two adjusting cylinders as well as the bearings of the two lower adjusting cylinders supported on the machine base and the lower supporting arm parts. are located in mutually parallel planes; (b) the lower support arm part and the two adjustment cylinders holding it and their piston rods are each supported on the machine base via a cruciform or ball joint; (c) specifying the loading of the two adjusting cylinders holding the upper support arm section and ensuring that these adjusting cylinders are always positioned so that the end face of the cutter drum is always perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft or tunnel to be excavated; (d) the equal directional loading of the two lower adjustment cylinders is carried out by means of a cruciform joint or For the two upper adjustment cylinders acting on the upper support arm part above the ball joint, in the same direction and
The two lower adjustment cylinders generate a load in the same direction as the load direction and also act on the upper support arm section below the cruciform or ball joint.
(e) the two upper adjusting cylinders generate a load in the same direction and in the opposite direction to the loading direction of the two lower adjusting cylinders; A non-isodirectional load is one that produces an isodirectional load on the upper regulating cylinder located diagonally relative to each lower regulating cylinder, and (f) the fluid supplied to the upper and lower pair of cylinders. The ratio of the volumes corresponds to the ratio of the stroke volumes of these cylinder pairs.

Effects of the invention If the two support arm parts are connected as proposed above and the two adjustment cylinders holding the upper support arm part are arranged as proposed above, the adjustment cylinders will be able to adjust the lower adjustment Any pivoting movement of the support arm introduced by the cylinder about the vertical axis and/or about an axis parallel to the shaft floor is replaced by an opposite pivoting movement of the upper support arm part. can be compensated. Therefore, the upper support arm is always adjusted parallel to the shaft floor and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft to be excavated, so that the circumferential surface of the cylindrical cutter drum is also aligned with the shaft wall. and extend parallel to each other. In this position, the cutter drum can be guided precisely along the boundaries of any shaft contour, and the drum end located in the running plane does not protrude beyond the boundaries of the contour.

Lower support arm part and 2 that holds it
The two adjusting cylinders and their piston rods are each supported on the machine base via a cruciform or ball joint.

The lower support determines the load on the two adjustment cylinders holding the upper support arm part and controls these adjustment cylinders in such a way that the end face of the cutter drum is always located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft or tunnel to be excavated. A control device is provided for loading or unloading depending on the vertical and horizontal inclination of the arm portion. This causes each load on the two lower adjustment cylinders (which adjusts the horizontal and/or vertical inclination of the lower support arm part) to also generate a load on the two lower adjustment cylinders, which Provision is made to compensate for the pivoting movement of the support arm part and to ensure that the upper support arm part assumes a position parallel to the axis of the shaft or tunnel.

In such a control, if the two adjusting cylinders act on the upper support arm section above the cruciform or ball joint, the equal directional loads of the two lower adjusting cylinders are applied to the two upper adjusting cylinders. and generate loads that are equal to each other and in the same direction as the load direction of the lower adjustment cylinder. However, if the two upper adjusting cylinders act on the upper support arm part below the cruciform or ball joint, the loads on these two adjusting cylinders are equal to each other, but in the same direction as the two lower adjusting cylinders. must be done in the opposite direction.

According to the invention, a non-isodirectional loading of the two lower adjusting cylinders leads to an equal loading of the upper adjusting cylinder, which is located diagonally to each lower adjusting cylinder. If the control device of the partial cross-section excavation machine is configured in such a way that the adjustment cylinder is loaded in this way, then this partial cross-section excavation machine is located on the shaft floor parallel to the shaft axis. Independently of the machine operator, the position of the axis of rotation of the cutter drum parallel to the axis of the tunnel is always ensured.

In order to achieve such a driven movement, the ratio of the liquid volumes supplied to the upper and lower cylinder pairs must be equal to the ratio of the stroke volumes of these cylinder pairs.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the amount of liquid supplied to the upper and lower cylinder pairs varies in a constant relationship to the pivot angle of the support arm portion from the central position.

However, there are also other ways to control the two upper adjustment cylinders. In other words, 2 each for the cruciform joint or ball joint of both support arm parts.
Two angle signal generators are assigned, one angle signal generator in each case detects all horizontal swivel angles of a given support arm section, and each other angle signal generator detects all vertical swivel angles of a given support arm section. Turn angles are detected and a signal proportional to these angles is generated. All angle signal generators send these signals to a device that controls the loads of the two upper adjustment cylinders, which uses the corresponding signals of the lower cross or ball joint angle signal generator as setpoint values. The two upper adjusting cylinders are then loaded accordingly in such a way that the corresponding signals of the angle signal generators of the upper cruciform or ball-and-socket joints coincide with the setpoint values mentioned above.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The base of a partial cross-section excavation machine 1 is designated by the reference numeral 2. At its end facing the extension plane 2, the machine base supports a support arm 3, which is constituted by an upper support arm part 3a and a lower support arm part 3b. The two support arm parts are connected to each other by a cruciform or ball joint 4 so as to be movable in all directions. On both sides of this cruciform or ball joint 4 there are adjustment cylinders 5, 6 which likewise form a connection between the upper support arm part 3a and the lower support arm part 3b. ing. These two adjusting cylinders 5, 6 are also supported on the lower support arm part 3b movably in all directions via a cruciform or ball joint 7, 8 in each case on one side, and on the other side via a cruciform or ball joint 7, 8. Alternatively, via ball joints 9, 10, piston rods 11, 12 act on the upper support arm part 3a movably in all directions.

The cutter drum 13 assigned to the upper support arm part 3a rotates about an axis of rotation coaxial with the longitudinal axis of this support arm part 3a. The cutter drum is of cylindrical design and has an electric or hydraulic drive motor 14 (these are part of the upper support arm part 3a) with an associated reduction gear 15 inside its drum body. Accepting it. The drive motor 14 is connected to the lower support arm portion 3
Drive energy is received through a conduit (not shown) laid inside b. Furthermore, lines for loading the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 are installed in the lower support arm part 3b.

The lower support arm part 3b is held by two own adjustment cylinders 16, 17 arranged on opposite support arm sides. The lower support arm part has two adjustment cylinders 16, 17.
Similarly, cross joints or ball joints 18, 19, 2
It is supported on a machine base 21 so as to be pivotable in all directions via the
The piston rods 22, 23 act pivotably in all directions on the lower support arm part 3b via cruciform or ball joints 24, 25, respectively.

Therefore, the two lower adjusting cylinders 16,1
The equal directional loading of 7 results in a vertical lifting movement of the lower support arm part 3b when equal volumes of liquid are delivered to these adjusting cylinders, while the corresponding loading of these two adjusting cylinders 16, 17 , non-unidirectional loads are applied to the lower support arm portion 3b.
horizontal movement around the cruciform or ball joint 18.

If the two upper adjustment cylinders 5, 6 are loaded in the direction opposite to the loading direction of the two lower adjustment cylinders 16, 17 during the vertical movement of the lower support arm part 3b, the upper support arm part 3a (as shown) The cutter drum 13 (located in the embodiment inside the cutter drum 13) performs a vertical pivoting movement in the opposite direction to the pivoting movement of the lower support arm part 3b, and the cutter drum 13 returns again to a position parallel to the axis 26 of the shaft or tunnel. . Of course, this assumes that a liquid volume flows into the two upper adjustment cylinders 5, 6 that ensures such an adjustment of the cutter drum 13.

The same applies in the case of horizontal movement of the lower support arm part 3b. In this case, the two lower adjusting cylinders are not loaded equally, ie in opposite directions, while the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 are also loaded in unequal directions, but in each case diagonally opposite each other. The lower and upper adjusting cylinders 16, 6 or 17, 5, located at the same position, are loaded in such a way that they are loaded equally.

A control device (not shown) loads the two upper regulating cylinders together with the two lower regulating cylinders 16, 17 equally in the same rhythm and in the same direction so that the two upper regulating cylinders 5, 6 can be supplied with a precise amount of liquid. , which starts a pivoting movement of the upper support arm part 3a in the opposite direction to the pivoting movement of the lower support arm part 3b, and which starts a pivoting movement of the cutter drum axis 27.
is held parallel to the axis 26 of the tunnel or shaft to be excavated. If the two lower adjustment cylinders 16, 17 are loaded in the same direction, this also causes the two upper adjustment cylinders to be loaded in the same direction, while the lower support arm part 3b is subjected to a pivoting movement in the horizontal direction. In the case of non-isodirectional loading of the two lower adjusting cylinders 16, 17, as is required for the upper two adjusting cylinders 5, 6.
are also loaded in unequal directions, with the exception that each lower adjusting cylinder 16, 17 as well as its diagonally opposite upper adjusting cylinder 5, 6 are loaded in equal directions.

It is also possible to control the load of the two adjusting cylinders 5, 6 above using an angle signal generator,
Two of the angle signal generators are connected to the cross or ball joint 4 of the upper support arm part 3a;
is assigned to the cross or ball joint 18 of the lower support arm part 3b. The angle signal generator is 2
The horizontal and vertical swivel angles of the two support arm parts 3a, 3b are detected and a signal proportional to this swivel angle is generated. A device for controlling the load of the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 processes these signals and uses the starting signal of the angle signal generator of the lower cross or ball joint 18 as setpoint value for signal comparison. do. The signal of the angle signal generator of the upper cruciform or ball joint 4 is compared with the above-mentioned setpoint value, and the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 are loaded accordingly so that these are brought into agreement.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the excavation machine in partial cross section, and FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the machine according to FIG. 1... Partial cross section excavation machine, 2... Extended surface, 3
... Support arm, 3a, 3b ... Support arm portion, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20,
24, 25...Cross joint or ball joint, 5,
6, 16, 17...adjustment cylinder, 11, 12,
22, 23...Piston rod, 13...Cutter drum, 14...Drive motor, 15...Reduction transmission device, 21...Machine base, 26...Axis line, 27...Cut drum axis line of the drum.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. Partial cross-section excavation machine with a support arm, the support arm consisting of two mutually hinged parts, of which the lower support arm part is supported on the machine base. is held by two adjusting cylinders which can be loaded on both sides, which are connected to the machine base, and which has a cylindrical cutter drum with an axis of rotation directed towards the rolling surface and whose upper support arm part is located inside the drum. (a) A cruciform or ball joint 4 that connects both support arm portions 3a, 3b to each other, and this joint 4;
two adjusting cylinders 5, 6 arranged on both sides of
, each of these adjusting cylinders is supported via a cruciform or ball joint 7, 8 on the lower support arm part 3b, and the piston rods 11, 12 lie in a plane containing the axis of rotation 27 of the cutter drum 13. 1 each outside of
It acts on the upper support arm part 3a via two cruciform or ball joints 9, 10 and on the two adjusting cylinders 5, 6, cruciform or ball joints 7, 9, 8, 10 and piston rods 11, 12. and the bearings 1 of the two lower adjustment cylinders 16, 17 supported on the machine base 21.
9, 20 and the point of action 2 of the piston rods 22, 23 acting on the lower support arm part 3b
4, 25 are located in mutually parallel planes; (b) the lower support arm part 3b and the two adjusting cylinders 16, 17 holding it and their piston rods 22, 23 each form a cross joint or It is supported by the machine base 21 via ball joints 18, 19, 20, and (c) defines the load on the two adjusting cylinders 5, 6 holding the upper support arm part 3a, and , is equipped with a control device that loads or cuts the load depending on the vertical and horizontal inclinations of the lower support arm portion 3b so that the end face of the cutter drum is always positioned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26 of the shaft or tunnel to be excavated. (d) The equal directional loading of the two lower adjusting cylinders 16, 17 is applied to the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 acting on the upper support arm part 3a above the cross or ball joint 4. In this case, a load is generated in the same direction and in the same direction as the loading direction of the two lower adjusting cylinders 16, 17 and acts on the upper support arm part 3a below the cruciform or ball joint 4. In the case of the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6, which are in the same direction, and the two lower adjusting cylinders 1
(e) Loads that are not in the same direction on the two lower adjustment cylinders 16 and 17 are generated in the direction opposite to the load direction of the lower adjustment cylinders 16 and 17.
(f) Upper and lower cylinder pair 5, 6, 16, 17
Partial cross-section excavation machine for excavating shafts or tunnels, characterized in that the ratio of the liquid quantities supplied to corresponds to the ratio of the stroke volumes of these pairs of cylinders 5, 6, 16, 17. 2 Upper and lower cylinder pairs 5, 6, 16, 17
2. Partial cross-section excavating machine according to claim 1, wherein the amount of liquid supplied to the support arm portion varies in a constant relationship to the pivot angle from the central position of the support arm portion. 3 Two angle signal generators are assigned to each of the cross joints or ball joints 4, 18 of both support arm portions 3a, 3b, and one angle signal generator is assigned to each of the predetermined support arm portions 3a, 3b. detecting all horizontal turning angles, and each other angle signal generator detecting all vertical turning angles and forming a signal proportional to these angles;
This signal is sent to a device controlling the load of the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6, which device uses the corresponding signal of the angle signal generator of the lower cross or ball joint 18 as setpoint value and 3. As claimed in claim 2, the two upper adjusting cylinders 5, 6 are loaded accordingly in such a way that the signal of the angle signal generator of the cruciform or ball joint 4 corresponds to the setpoint value. Partial cross section excavation machine.