JPH0529440B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a stem and leaf separation method in which a long culm crop with leaves attached, such as sweet sorghum, is harvested from the field, the leaves are separated, and the juice is squeezed from the culm. -Relates to juice extraction equipment. [Conventional technology] The leaves of sweet sorghum contain enzymes that decompose sugars, and in order to make it into food, it is necessary to separate the leaves from the culms, and the culms are squeezed for juice. The resulting sugar content can be converted into foods such as beverages and baker's yeast, so the juice can be squeezed and the juice residue can be used as feed for livestock. Conventionally, devices for sugarcane are known as devices for separating (defoliating) leaves from a long culm crop with leaves attached, such as sweet sorghum, and squeezing the defoliated culm. In this apparatus for sugarcane, a process of separating leaves, a process of shredding the culm, and a process of squeezing the shredded culm are performed in independent processes. [Problem to be solved by the invention] By the way, when trying to apply the above-mentioned sugarcane equipment to sweet sorghum, there are problems in that some models are difficult to use and work efficiency decreases, making it impractical. Ta. Another problem was that the device was complicated and expensive, and required a large amount of power. An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned various problems and provide a foliage separation and juice extraction apparatus that efficiently defoliates and extracts juice from long culm crops such as sweet sorghum or sugarcane. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention removes leaves from the culm while transporting a long culm crop with leaves attached, such as sweet sorghum, harvested from a field in the culm length direction. A foliage separation mechanism that separates the leaves and a mechanism that squeezes the defoliated culms are successively provided. a conveyance unit arranged so that the tips of the brush blades of each roll are rotated in the same direction in a parallel state in a planar manner so that the ends of the brush blades are meshed with each other, and a direction control plate is provided above each brush blade meshing portion; Above each roll and the direction control plate on the extension line of the conveyance section, a number of roll brushes, rolls, or leaf separation rolls consisting of rolls or brush blades are provided perpendicularly to and facing each roll and direction control plate. The above-mentioned juice squeezing mechanism arranges a pair of opposing rolls in multiple stages in parallel, and these multiple stages of rolls are arranged in parallel.
The roll surface is characterized by having unevenness formed in the roll axis direction, the roll surface having projections or strip-like unevenness formed in the circumferential direction, and the roll surface having a flat surface. . [Function] With the above configuration, the sweet sorghum supplied to the conveyance section is conveyed in the culm length direction by the spiral roll and the direction control plate, and while being conveyed, the sweet sorghum is transferred to the spiral roll and the stem and leaf separation roll. The leaves are separated and fall, and the remaining culm is further sent in the length direction of the culm and supplied to the juice extraction mechanism, where it passes between a pair of multiple stages of juice extraction rolls and is squeezed to produce juice. and residue are contained. [Example] Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a foliage separation/juice extraction device, and this device 1 includes a conveyance section 2, a foliage separation section 3, a discharge section 4, and a juice extraction section 5 in succession. It is arranged. As shown in FIG. 3, from the conveyance section 2 to the foliage separation section 3, a large number of spiral rolls 8 each having a spiral brush blade 7 attached to the periphery of a rotating shaft 6 are installed.
Each roll 8, 8...
The tips of the brush blades 7 are interlocked with each other so that they rotate in the same direction. Direction control plates 9, 9, . . . are provided above the meshing portions of the brush blades 7, 7, . . . of the rolls 8, 8, . Furthermore, an input port 10 is provided above the conveyance section 2 . In the above-mentioned stem and leaf separation section 3, there are provided a set of spiral rolls 8 and a direction control plate 9 which are located on the extension line of the conveyance section 2, perpendicular to these, and opposite to each other.
Stem and leaf separation rolls 11 each consisting of three roll brushes, rolls, and brush blades facing each other are provided at predetermined intervals (see FIG. 5). A leaf collection box 12 is disposed below the transport section 2 and the leaf separation section 3. Spiral roll 8 behind the stem and leaf separation section 3
The brush blades 7 are not attached to the group, a gap is provided between each roll, and a direction control plate 9 is also not provided, and the gap between the rotating shafts 6 serves as the discharge section 4. There is. An inclined guide plate 13 is provided below the rotating shaft 6 of the discharge section 4. A juice squeezing unit 5 is provided so as to communicate with the terminal end of the inclined guide plate 13, and this juice squeezing unit 5 has a plurality of stages (three stages in this embodiment) of a pair of upper and lower rolls.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the first juice roll 14 is arranged in parallel.
The second juice roll 15 has protrusions on the roll surface, or has strip-like irregularities formed in the circumferential direction. The third juice roll 16 has a flat roll surface. A tray 17 is provided below each of these rolls 14, 15, 16 to collect the squeezed liquid into the squeezed liquid collection box 1.
It is designed to flow into 8. A juice residue collection box 19 for collecting juice residue is disposed behind the third juice roll 17. This juice extraction section 5 may be provided immediately after the stem and leaf separation section 3. In addition, the stem and leaf separation and
The juice extraction device has a total length of 2.4m, a total width of 1m, and a total height of 1.5m.
The required power for the juice extraction section was 1.5kw. Next, operations performed by the foliage separation/juice extraction apparatus 1 configured as described above will be explained. The sweet sorghum supplied from the input port 10 is conveyed in the culm length direction by a group of 8 spiral rolls rotating in the direction of the arrow shown in FIGS. The leaves are rotated by the brush blades 7, and some of the leaves are separated by the brush blades 7 and fall into the leaf collection box 12. Moreover, since the brush blades 7, 7, . . . are partially engaged with each other, leaves are prevented from getting entangled with the spiral roll 8. Since each spiral roll 8 is rotating in the same direction, the sweet sorghum may try to be sent out laterally in some cases, but is regulated by the direction control plate 9 and moves in the culm length direction. When the sweet sorghum reaches the stem and leaf separation section 3, it is subjected to a twisting action between the stem and leaf separation roll 11 and the spiral roll 8, and the sweet sorghum leaves are separated from the culm and collected into a leaf collection box 12. When the defoliated sweet sorghum culms are sent to the discharge section 4, they fall from between the rotating shafts 6,
The culm of sweet sorghum is guided by the inclined guide plate 13 and reaches the juice extraction section 5. Here, the culm of sweet sorghum is conveyed in a controlled manner and simultaneously compressed and crushed by the first extraction roll 14, and then the culm is compressed and crushed by the second extraction roll 14. A juice roll 15 cracks the culm in the axial direction, compresses it, and extracts the juice. In these first and second rolls 14, 15,
The compression area is expanded by the grooves, protrusions, and irregularities on the surface, and the juice is squeezed efficiently.The cracks in the axial direction reduce the required power, and the third juice roll 16 extracts the juice from the culm. The juice is squeezed without any residue, improving the juice extraction rate. The squeezed juice is collected into a juice recovery box 18 via a tray 17. Further, the squeezed culm is collected in a juice residue collection box 19, and this residue is shredded to become livestock feed. At the time of shredding, the culm is cracked in the axial direction and compressed and crushed, so less power is required for shredding. Figure 8 shows an example in which the leaf separation characteristics of the above operations were compared with that of a commercially available defoliating machine, and both the defoliating rate and breakage rate were superior to the commercially available machine. In the figure, the presser roll is the stem and leaf separation roll 11, and the rotational speed of the feed roll (spiral roll 8) is 11.
It was m/s. Further, an example of the juice extraction performance is shown in Table 1.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the foliage separation/juice extraction apparatus of the present invention, the following effects can be achieved. The process involves successively carrying a long-culm crop with leaves attached, such as sweet sorghum or sugarcane, in the direction of the culm length, separating the leaves from the culm, and then squeezing the juice from the defoliated culm. can be carried out efficiently and energy-savingly. In the stem and leaf separation section, a spiral roll that rotates and conveys the long culm crop in the culm length direction;
The leaves are separated by a spiral roll and a plurality of leaf separation rolls arranged in a perpendicular state facing each other, and can be collected and used separately. In addition, the tips of the brush blades of the culms that are conveyed by the spiral rolls rotating in the same direction are engaged with each other, and a direction control plate is provided above the engagement part, so that the defoliated leaves are transported by the spiral rolls. This prevents the culm from being rolled around and prevents the culm from moving sideways. In the juice extraction section, multiple pairs of juice extraction rolls with different roll surface shapes are arranged in multiple stages.
The juice extraction efficiency is high, and because the stems are cracked in the axial direction, the required power is reduced, and the cutting power is reduced when cutting the juice residue as livestock feed. Based on the above, compared to conventional methods in which the foliage separation process, shredding process, and juice extraction process were performed in separate processes, or compared to sugarcane-specific equipment, the foliage separation process is labor-saving and energy-saving.
Can perform juice extraction work. Moreover, the structure of the device is simple and the manufacturing cost is low.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the entire device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 is a side view thereof, Figure 3 is a rear view, Figure 4 is a partial plan view of the spiral roll, Figure 5 is a partial view of the spiral roll and the leaf separation roll, and Figure 6 is a partial view of the spiral roll and leaf separation roll.
The figure is an end view of the juice roll, FIGS. 7A to 7D are end views and partial plan views of the first and second juice rolls, and FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of foliage separation characteristics. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Stem and leaf separation/juice extraction device, 2... Conveyance section, 3... Stem and leaf separation section, 4... Discharge section, 5... Juicing section, 6... Rotating shaft, 7... Brush blade, 8... Spiral roll, 9
... Direction control board, 10 ... Input port, 11 ... Stem and leaf separation roll, 12 ... Leaf collection box, 13 ... Inclined guide plate, 14
...first juice roll, 15...second juice roll,
16...Third juice roll, 17...Tray, 18...
Juice collection box, 19... Juice residue collection box.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A stem and leaf separation mechanism that separates leaves from the culm while transporting a long culm crop with leaves attached, such as sweet sorghum, harvested from a field in the culm length direction, and removes the defoliated culm. and a juice extraction mechanism, and the stem and leaf separation mechanism is configured to move a large number of spiral rolls each consisting of spiral brush blades in parallel to the circumferential direction and flatten the tips of the brush blades of each roll. The conveyor section is arranged so that the brush blades are meshed with each other so as to rotate in the same direction, and a direction control plate is provided above each brush blade engagement part, and each roll on the extension line of this conveyance section and above the direction control plate. and a foliage separation roll consisting of a large number of roll brushes, rolls or brush blades, which are provided perpendicularly to and opposite to each roll and the direction control plate; are arranged in parallel in multiple stages, and these multiple stages of rolls are
A stalk and leaf separation method characterized by having a roll surface with unevenness formed in the roll axis direction, a roll surface with protrusions or strip-like unevenness formed in the circumferential direction, and a roll surface with a flat roll surface. Juicing device.