JPH05290873A - Air-hydrogen battery - Google Patents

Air-hydrogen battery

Info

Publication number
JPH05290873A
JPH05290873A JP4121443A JP12144392A JPH05290873A JP H05290873 A JPH05290873 A JP H05290873A JP 4121443 A JP4121443 A JP 4121443A JP 12144392 A JP12144392 A JP 12144392A JP H05290873 A JPH05290873 A JP H05290873A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
hydrogen
air
negative electrode
battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP4121443A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Eiichi Nomura
栄一 野村
Ryoichi Okuyama
良一 奥山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yuasa Corp
Original Assignee
Yuasa Corp
Yuasa Battery Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yuasa Corp, Yuasa Battery Corp filed Critical Yuasa Corp
Priority to JP4121443A priority Critical patent/JPH05290873A/en
Publication of JPH05290873A publication Critical patent/JPH05290873A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a light weight battery capable of providing high energy density and besides facilitating the charge thereof by using the required air and hydrogen electrodes respectively for required positive and negative electrodes. CONSTITUTION:An air electrode 2 is used for a positive electrode as a gas electrode and a hydrogen electrode is used for a negative electrode as a hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode. With this light-weight construction, the lowering of performance due to dendrite and shape change and the unfavouable condition such as the overvoltage of an iron negative electrode and the nonconducting state of an aluminium negative electrode are not generated. Hydrogen is injected into a hydrogen absorbing alloy electrode with high energy density and converted, thereby making an air - hydrogen battery capable of being easily charged.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【０００１】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は空気−水素電池に関する
もので、さらに詳しく言えば、正極にガス電極としての
空気極を、負極に水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極を有
する空気−水素電池に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an air-hydrogen battery, and more particularly to an air-hydrogen battery having a positive electrode having an air electrode as a gas electrode and a negative electrode having a hydrogen electrode as a hydrogen storage alloy electrode. It is a thing.

【０００２】[0002]

【従来の技術】正極にガス電極としての空気極を用いた
電極としては、負極に亜鉛を用いた空気−亜鉛電池、負
極に鉄を用いた空気−鉄電池、負極にアルミニウムを用
いた空気−アルミニウム電池があり、いずれも軽量であ
るため、電気自動車のような高エネルギー密度が要求さ
れる電池として注目されていた。2. Description of the Related Art As an electrode using an air electrode as a gas electrode for a positive electrode, an air-zinc battery using zinc for the negative electrode, an air-iron battery using iron for the negative electrode, an air using aluminum for the negative electrode- There are aluminum batteries, and since they are all lightweight, they have been attracting attention as batteries that require high energy density such as electric vehicles.

【０００３】一方、近年、正極にニッケル極を用い、負
極に水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極を用いたニッケル
−水素電池が次世代の高性能電池として注目されてい
る。On the other hand, in recent years, a nickel-hydrogen battery using a nickel electrode as a positive electrode and a hydrogen electrode as a hydrogen storage alloy electrode as a negative electrode has been attracting attention as a next-generation high performance battery.

【０００４】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記した空気−亜鉛電
池では、亜鉛負極のデンドライトやシェイプチェンジに
よる性能低下という問題があり、空気−鉄電池では鉄負
極の過電圧が大きいという問題があり、空気−アルミニ
ウム電池ではアルミニウム負極が不導体化するという問
題があり、実用的には不十分なものであった。The above-mentioned air-zinc battery has a problem of performance deterioration due to dendrite or shape change of the zinc negative electrode, and the air-iron battery has a problem of large overvoltage of the iron negative electrode. The aluminum battery has a problem that the aluminum negative electrode becomes non-conductive, which is not practically sufficient.

【０００５】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】上記課題を解決するた
め、本発明の空気−水素電池は、正極にガス電極として
の空気極を、負極に水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極を
有することを特徴とするものである。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the air-hydrogen battery of the present invention is characterized by having an air electrode as a gas electrode in the positive electrode and a hydrogen electrode as a hydrogen storage alloy electrode in the negative electrode. It is what

【０００６】[0006]

【作 用】従って、本発明の空気−水素電池は、負極に
水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極を用いているので、亜
鉛負極、鉄負極、アルミニウム負極にあるような問題が
生じることはない。[Operation] Therefore, in the air-hydrogen battery of the present invention, since the hydrogen electrode as the hydrogen storage alloy electrode is used as the negative electrode, the problems as in the zinc negative electrode, the iron negative electrode, and the aluminum negative electrode do not occur.

【０００７】また、本発明の空気−水素電池は、負極の
水素吸蔵合金電極を機械的に補充したり、水素吸蔵合金
電極に水素を導入することによって充電することができ
る。The air-hydrogen battery of the present invention can be charged by mechanically replenishing the negative electrode hydrogen storage alloy electrode or introducing hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy electrode.

【０００８】[0008]

【実施例】図１は、本発明の空気−水素電池の断面図で
ある。図１において、１は電解質で、電解液としてのＫ
ＯＨ水溶液をアスベストのような無機マトリックスに含
浸させてなる。２はガス電極としての多孔性の空気極
で、白金微粒子を炭素粉末中に分散させてなり、その一
部はフッ素系樹脂によって撥水処理が施されている。３
は水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極で、ＬａＮｉ5 の粉
末を有機物と混合してシート状にしたものである。1 is a cross-sectional view of an air-hydrogen battery of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is an electrolyte, K as an electrolytic solution.
It is formed by impregnating an aqueous OH solution into an inorganic matrix such as asbestos. Reference numeral 2 denotes a porous air electrode as a gas electrode, which is formed by dispersing platinum fine particles in carbon powder, and a part of which is subjected to a water repellent treatment with a fluororesin. Three
Is a hydrogen electrode as a hydrogen storage alloy electrode, which is a sheet formed by mixing LaNi 5 powder with an organic substance.

【０００９】前記空気極２は一方に空気導入口４１を有
し、他方が開放された空気極ケース４に収納され、前記
水素極３は一方に水素導入口５１を有し、他方が開放さ
れた水素極ケース５に収納されるとともに、各々の開放
端同士が電解質１を介して密着され、空気極ケース４と
水素極ケース５の端部同士が絶縁スペーサ６を介してボ
ルト７で固定される。The air electrode 2 has an air introduction port 41 on one side and the other side is accommodated in an air electrode case 4 which is opened. The hydrogen electrode 3 has a hydrogen introduction port 51 on one side and the other side is opened. In addition to being housed in the hydrogen electrode case 5, the open ends thereof are closely attached via the electrolyte 1 and the ends of the air electrode case 4 and the hydrogen electrode case 5 are fixed by the bolts 7 via the insulating spacer 6. It

【００１０】なお、前記空気極ケース４の空気導入口４
１は蓋４２によって開閉できるように構成され、水素導
入口５１から水素を導入する際には蓋４２を閉じるよう
にする。The air inlet 4 of the air electrode case 4
1 is configured to be opened and closed by a lid 42, and the lid 42 is closed when hydrogen is introduced from the hydrogen inlet 51.

【００１１】上記した本発明の空気−水素電池の充電
は、負極の水素吸蔵合金電極を機械的に補充または交換
することにより、また前記空気導入口４１を蓋４２によ
って閉じてから水素導入口５１から水素を導入すること
により行うことができる。The above-described air-hydrogen battery of the present invention is charged by mechanically replenishing or replacing the negative electrode hydrogen-absorbing alloy electrode, and closing the air inlet 41 with the lid 42 and then the hydrogen inlet 51. Can be carried out by introducing hydrogen from

【００１２】図２は、本発明の空気−水素電池をスタッ
ク化したもので、水素導入口５１Ａ，５１Ｂ，５１Ｃお
よび空気導入口４１Ａ，４１Ｂ，４１Ｃをセルの上部に
設け、余剰の空気を排出するための空気排出口４３Ａ，
４３Ｂ，４３Ｃをセルの下部に設けている。FIG. 2 shows a stack of the air-hydrogen battery of the present invention, in which hydrogen inlets 51A, 51B, 51C and air inlets 41A, 41B, 41C are provided in the upper part of the cell to discharge excess air. Air outlet 43A for
43B and 43C are provided below the cell.

【００１３】前記図２の空気−水素電池の充電は、空気
導入口４１Ａ，４１Ｂ，４１Ｃと空気排出口４３Ａ，４
３Ｂ，４３Ｃとを閉じて水素導入口５１Ａ，５１Ｂ，５
１Ｃから水素を導入することによって行い、放電は、水
素導入口５１Ａ，５１Ｂ，５１Ｃを閉じて空気導入口４
１Ａ，４１Ｂ，４１Ｃから空気を導入し、余剰の空気を
空気排出口４３Ａ，４３Ｂ，４３Ｃから排出することに
よって行う。The air-hydrogen battery shown in FIG. 2 is charged by the air inlets 41A, 41B and 41C and the air outlets 43A and 4A.
3B and 43C are closed and hydrogen inlets 51A, 51B and 5
The discharge is performed by introducing hydrogen from 1C, and the discharge is performed by closing the hydrogen introduction ports 51A, 51B and 51C.
This is performed by introducing air from 1A, 41B and 41C and discharging excess air from the air discharge ports 43A, 43B and 43C.

【００１４】上記した空気−水素電池の空気極２として
は白金に代えてＬａＣｏＯ3 等の遷移金属を含む複合酸
化物を分散させたものを用いることもでき、水素極３と
してはＬａＮｉ5 に代えてＭｍＮｉ5 等の類似の水素吸
蔵合金やＶ53Ｔｉ33Ｎｉ14等のラーベス相合金を用いる
ことができ、電解質１としては電解液としてのＫＯＨ水
溶液に代えてナフィオンのようなプロトン導電性の有機
電解質膜を用いることができる。As the air electrode 2 of the above-mentioned air-hydrogen battery, one in which a complex oxide containing a transition metal such as LaCoO 3 is dispersed may be used instead of platinum, and the hydrogen electrode 3 may be replaced by LaNi 5 . A similar hydrogen storage alloy such as MmNi 5 or a Laves phase alloy such as V 53 Ti 33 Ni 14 can be used as the electrolyte 1, and the electrolyte 1 is replaced by a KOH aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution and a proton conductive organic material such as Nafion is used. An electrolyte membrane can be used.

【００１５】[0015]

【発明の効果】上記したとおりであるから、本発明の空
気−水素電池は、軽量で、高いエネルギー密度が得ら
れ、しかも簡単な方法で充電を行うことができるので、
電気自動車用の電池として特に有望である。As described above, the air-hydrogen battery of the present invention is lightweight, has a high energy density, and can be charged by a simple method.
It is especially promising as a battery for electric vehicles.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図１】本発明の空気−水素電池の断面図である。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an air-hydrogen battery of the present invention.

【図２】本発明の空気−水素電池をスタック化した状態
の断面図である。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stack of the air-hydrogen battery of the present invention.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

１ 電解質 ２ 空気極 ３ 水素極 ４ 空気極ケース ５ 水素極ケース ６ 絶縁スペーサ 1 Electrolyte 2 Air electrode 3 Hydrogen electrode 4 Air electrode case 5 Hydrogen electrode case 6 Insulating spacer

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項１】 正極にガス電極としての空気極を、負極
に水素吸蔵合金電極としての水素極を有することを特徴
とする空気−水素電池。1. An air-hydrogen battery, wherein the positive electrode has an air electrode as a gas electrode, and the negative electrode has a hydrogen electrode as a hydrogen storage alloy electrode. 【請求項２】 水素吸蔵合金を機械的に補充することに
よって充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項第１項記載の
空気−水素電池。2. The air-hydrogen battery according to claim 1, wherein charging is performed by mechanically replenishing the hydrogen storage alloy. 【請求項３】 水素吸蔵合金に水素を導入することによ
って充電を行うことを特徴とする請求項第１項記載の空
気−水素電池。3. The air-hydrogen battery according to claim 1, wherein charging is performed by introducing hydrogen into the hydrogen storage alloy.
JP4121443A 1992-04-14 1992-04-14 Air-hydrogen battery Pending JPH05290873A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4121443A JPH05290873A (en) 1992-04-14 1992-04-14 Air-hydrogen battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4121443A JPH05290873A (en) 1992-04-14 1992-04-14 Air-hydrogen battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05290873A true JPH05290873A (en) 1993-11-05

Family

ID=14811271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4121443A Pending JPH05290873A (en) 1992-04-14 1992-04-14 Air-hydrogen battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05290873A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07272771A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-20 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Air-metal hydride secondary battery
JPH07282861A (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Air-metal hydride secondary battery
JPH07282862A (en) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Battery with gas diffusion electrode and charging and discharging method thereof
JPH07282860A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Manufacture of alkaline secondary battery and catalytic electrode body
WO2002017428A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Air-hydrogen cell

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07272771A (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-20 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Air-metal hydride secondary battery
JPH07282862A (en) * 1994-04-06 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Battery with gas diffusion electrode and charging and discharging method thereof
JPH07282860A (en) * 1994-04-08 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Manufacture of alkaline secondary battery and catalytic electrode body
JPH07282861A (en) * 1994-04-12 1995-10-27 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol Air-metal hydride secondary battery
WO2002017428A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Air-hydrogen cell
US6905794B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2005-06-14 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Air-hydrogen battery

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