JPH052633B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH052633B2 JPH052633B2 JP59023486A JP2348684A JPH052633B2 JP H052633 B2 JPH052633 B2 JP H052633B2 JP 59023486 A JP59023486 A JP 59023486A JP 2348684 A JP2348684 A JP 2348684A JP H052633 B2 JPH052633 B2 JP H052633B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- weight
- water absorption
- monomer
- polymerization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 5
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyloxy prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OOOC(=O)C=C KCTAWXVAICEBSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000252337 Epipremnum pinnatum Species 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1C UWFRVQVNYNPBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroperoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOO AKUNSTOMHUXJOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOBIOSPNXBMOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)ethoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCOCC1CO1 AOBIOSPNXBMOAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical class [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXTCTCUXLQYGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C TXTCTCUXLQYGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DWLAVVBOGOXHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C DWLAVVBOGOXHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012966 redox initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
本発明は、植物栽培用に使用される保水性に優
れた複合材料に関するものである。最近、家庭、
職場において簡便に植物栽培ができる、水耕栽培
が多く取入れられるようになつた。これは平地面
積の乏しい我国の都市部では、住宅の高層化又は
非建築物面積の狭小化は避けられず、室内に少し
でも、植物を取入れたいとする都会人の願望のあ
らわれと考えられる。又、職場ではオフイスコン
ピユーター、パーソナルコンピユーター、ワード
プロセツサー等の導入で事務合理化が急速に進
み、神経を集中する場面が多くなるため、逆に神
経を安めるような環境面の配慮が必要となつたか
らと考えられる。このような水耕栽培には、現
在、焼結で多孔質にした粒状品が用いられている
が、吸水性、保水性の面では吸水性樹脂に及ば
ず、空気の乾燥する冬場には保水性が悪いため給
水を忘れると、植物を枯らすこともあつた。この
ため冬場には給水頻度を増す必要がありより簡便
な保水材料が求められていた。本発明は、上記、
従来の水耕栽培に用いられている保水材料の保水
性を向上させることを目的とするものであり、重
合性単量体と、該単量体に対して0.01〜10重量％
の他の架橋性単量体との混合単量体水溶液を、粒
状の多孔性無機質材料に含浸し重合せしめてなる
保水性複合材料に関するものである。これによれ
ば吸水性、保水性に優れた吸水性樹脂を複合化し
たものであるので無機質単独の場合よりも水耕栽
培に使用した場合、給水頻度を少なくでき、室内
インテリアとしての水耕栽培による植物の価値を
更に高めることができる。本発明を更に詳しく説
明すると、本発明の重合性単量体としてはアクリ
ル酸、アクリル酸塩（例えばアンモニウム塩、ナ
トリウム塩、カリウム塩、リチウム塩等）、アク
リルアミドを主成分とするが、メタアクリル酸、
イタコン酸、マレイン酸およびその塩類：イタコ
ン酸、マレイン酸、フマール酸等のジカルボン酸
類の低級アルチル又は低級アルコキシエステル
類：ビニルスルホン酸、アクリル酸メチルエステ
ル、エチルエステル等：アクリル酸ヒドロキシエ
チルエステル：ポリエチレングリコールモノアク
リレート等：の１種又は２種以上の併用も可能で
ある。更に上記重合性単量体を使用して、重合反
応で保水性複合材料を製造する際に、重合性単量
体100重量部に対して、他の架橋性単量体を0.01
〜10重量部併用する必要がある。この架橋性単量
体は、重合時に架橋構造を与え保水性向上および
保水時の粘着防止のために併用が必須のものであ
る。しかし架橋性単量体の使用量が10重量部を越
えると架橋密度が大きくなりすぎ、吸水時の体積
膨張が抑えられるため吸水能力は低下するので繰
返し使用する場合に問題がある。又0.01重量部未
満の使用量では保水性低下および粘着性発生の問
題が生じる。このような架橋性単量体としては、
アクリル酸カルシウム、アクリル酸マグネシウム
等のアクリル酸の多価金属塩：Ｎ，N′−メチレ
ンビスアクリルアミド：エチレングリコールジア
クリレート：エチレングリコールジメタアクリレ
ート、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、
ポリエチレングリコールジメタアクリレート等の
グリコール類のジアクリレート又はジメタアクリ
レート：トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレー
ト、ペントエリスリトールトリアクリレート等、
ポリオールのアクリレート類又はメタアクリレー
ト類：エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテ
ル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテ
ル等のジグシジルエーテル類：エチレングリコー
ルエポキシアクリレート、ジエチレングリコール
エポキシアクリレート等のエポキシアクリレート
類：等の重合時に架橋構造を与えることのできる
ものの中から選択された１種又は２種以上を用い
ることができる。粒状の多孔性無機質材料として
軽石、火山礫等の天然のものやレンガ、パーライ
ト、発泡スラツジ、多孔質セラミツク等の人工の
ものが用いられる。上記、重合性単量体および架
橋性単量体を20重量％以上の濃度の水溶液とし、
N2ガスで溶存酸素を除去し多孔性無機質材料に
含浸させる。この場合、含浸法としては、混合単
量体水溶液を多孔性無機質材料に散布するか、又
は混合単量体水溶液に多孔性無機質材料を浸漬す
る方法が望ましい。又、この場合、多孔性無機質
材料の吸水率以下に混合単量体水溶液を含浸させ
ることが望ましい。これは多孔内で単量体を重合
させるためで吸水率以上にすると表面でも重合が
進行し粒子同士が接着し重合後の取扱いが困難と
なる。重合反応では重合に関与するものを全て
N2ガスで置換しておき重合反応を阻害しないよ
うにしておくことは勿論の事である。次に重合開
始剤を添加して、重合反応を開始させるが、開始
剤は通常の水溶性ラジカル発生剤である過硫酸ア
ンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、過酸化水素、ｔ−
ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド等が用いられ、又
これらに亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、−アスコルビ
ン酸、第１鉄塩等の還元剤とを組合せるレドツク
ス系開始剤も用いられる。重合開始剤の添加方法
としては、重合性単量体を含有する多孔性無機質
材料に重合開始剤又は重合開始剤、還元剤の水溶
液を散布する方法が好ましい。又、均一に散布し
て重合開始剤をムラなく添加するため、重合開始
剤水溶液を霧状にして添加するのが特に好まし
い。重合開始剤水溶液を霧状にするには、超音波
振動子による超音波式装置や遠心力を利用した回
転霧化遠心噴霧装置やスプレーノズルが用いられ
る。重合温度としては、特に温度調節は必要とし
ないが５℃より低くなると、重合開始が不確実に
なり易いので重合開始温度を５℃以上とする。重
合反応は数分から数時間の間で完結し、得られた
含水状態のままで保水性複合材料として用いるこ
とも可能だし、又加熱乾燥した後、吸水させ保水
材料として用いることも可能である。かくして得
られた保水性複合材料は、保水性に優れるため、
水耕栽培に用いられると、給水頻度を減らすこと
ができ、より簡便に室内で植物栽培が楽しめるた
め、室内インテリアとしての水耕栽培植物の価値
を更に高めるものである。
以下、実施例に基づき本発明を詳細に説明す
る。
実施例 １
アクリル酸35重量部（以下、重量を省略する）、
アクリル酸ナトリウム65部、ジエチレングリコー
ルエポキシアクリレート４部からなる単量体混合
物を水で30％に希釈し、N2ガスを吹込みN2置換
した。以下重合の完了まではN2雰囲気に保ち、
重合が阻害されるのを防止した。市販の人工軽量
骨材（粒径：５〜10mm；容積重量0.7〜0.8Kg／
；飽和吸水率：15〜17％）に単量体混合物の水
溶液を散布吸収させたが吸水率は10〜12％とし
た。次に0.4％過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液、0.2％
亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液をそれぞれ超音波霧
化装置で霧化した雰囲気に先の単量体混合物の水
溶液を含浸させた人工軽量骨材を10秒間づつ保持
し、重合反応を開始させた。更に同じくN2雰囲
気中で１時間保持し重合反応を完結させたが、重
合温度は30〜70℃であつた。この保水性複合材料
の保水率を測定すると、表．１のような結果とな
り優れた保水性を示した。又、植木鉢に充填して
観葉植物であるポトスを植えて人工軽量骨材の場
合と比較検討したが給水頻度を減らすことができ
た。
なお、飽和吸水率、吸水率、保水率は下記の式
で算出した。
(1) 飽和吸水率(A)
Ａ＝サンプルの飽和吸水後の重量−サン
プルの乾燥重量／サンプルの乾燥重量×100（％）
サンプルの飽和吸水後の重量：サンプルを水に
30分間浸漬後、金網上で５分間水切りした後
の重量
(2) 吸水率(B)
Ｂ＝サンプルの吸水後の重量−サンプル
の乾燥重量／サンプルの乾燥重量×100（％）
(3) 保水率(C)
Ｃ＝サンプルの吸水後の重量−サンプル
の室温放置後の重量／サンプルの吸水後の重量−サンプ
ルの乾燥重量×100（％）
サンプルの室温放置後の重量：吸水後のサンプ
ルを25±１℃、60％RHの雰囲気に50時間放
置後の重量
The present invention relates to a composite material with excellent water retention properties used for plant cultivation. Recently, family,
Hydroponic cultivation, which allows plants to be easily cultivated in the workplace, has become increasingly popular. This is considered to be an expression of the desire of urban people to incorporate even a small amount of plants indoors, as it is unavoidable for homes to become high-rise or for non-building areas to become smaller in Japan's urban areas, where flat land is scarce. In addition, in the workplace, office work is being streamlined rapidly with the introduction of office computers, personal computers, word processors, etc., and there are many situations where people need to concentrate on their nerves. This is thought to be due to the summer weather. Currently, granular products made porous by sintering are used for this type of hydroponic cultivation, but they are not as good as water-absorbing resins in terms of water absorption and water retention, and they are difficult to retain water in winter when the air is dry. Because of its poor quality, if you forgot to water it, it could cause your plants to wither. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the frequency of water supply in winter, and a simpler water-retaining material is required. The present invention provides the above-mentioned
The purpose is to improve the water retention properties of water retention materials used in conventional hydroponic cultivation, and it contains a polymerizable monomer and 0.01 to 10% by weight of the monomer.
The present invention relates to a water-retaining composite material obtained by impregnating a granular porous inorganic material with an aqueous solution of a mixed monomer with other crosslinkable monomers and polymerizing the same. According to this, since it is a composite of water-absorbing resin with excellent water absorption and water retention properties, when used for hydroponic cultivation compared to the case of inorganic materials alone, water supply frequency can be reduced, making it suitable for hydroponic cultivation as indoor interior decoration. can further increase the value of plants. To explain the present invention in more detail, the main components of the polymerizable monomer of the present invention are acrylic acid, acrylates (for example, ammonium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, lithium salt, etc.), acrylamide, and methacrylic acid. acid,
Itaconic acid, maleic acid, and their salts: Lower alkyl or lower alkoxy esters of dicarboxylic acids such as itaconic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid: Vinyl sulfonic acid, acrylic acid methyl ester, ethyl ester, etc.: Acrylic acid hydroxyethyl ester: Polyethylene Glycol monoacrylate etc.: It is also possible to use one type or a combination of two or more types. Furthermore, when producing a water-retentive composite material through a polymerization reaction using the above polymerizable monomer, 0.01 parts by weight of other crosslinkable monomers are added to 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
It is necessary to use ~10 parts by weight together. This crosslinkable monomer is essential to be used in combination to provide a crosslinked structure during polymerization, improve water retention, and prevent adhesion during water retention. However, if the amount of the crosslinkable monomer used exceeds 10 parts by weight, the crosslinking density becomes too high and the volumetric expansion upon absorption of water is suppressed, resulting in a decrease in water absorption capacity, which poses a problem when used repeatedly. In addition, if the amount used is less than 0.01 part by weight, there will be problems of decreased water retention and generation of stickiness. Such crosslinkable monomers include:
Polyvalent metal salts of acrylic acid such as calcium acrylate and magnesium acrylate: N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide: ethylene glycol diacrylate: ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate,
Glycol diacrylate or dimethacrylate such as polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate: trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentoerythritol triacrylate, etc.
Acrylates or methacrylates of polyols: Digcidyl ethers such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; Epoxy acrylates such as ethylene glycol epoxy acrylate and diethylene glycol epoxy acrylate: Providing a crosslinked structure during polymerization. One or more types selected from those capable of can be used. As the granular porous inorganic material, natural materials such as pumice and volcanic lapilli, and artificial materials such as brick, perlite, foamed sludge, and porous ceramics are used. The above polymerizable monomer and crosslinkable monomer are made into an aqueous solution with a concentration of 20% by weight or more,
Remove dissolved oxygen with N2 gas and impregnate the porous inorganic material. In this case, the impregnation method is preferably a method in which a mixed monomer aqueous solution is sprinkled on the porous inorganic material, or a method in which the porous inorganic material is immersed in the mixed monomer aqueous solution. Further, in this case, it is desirable to impregnate the mixed monomer aqueous solution to a water absorption rate below the water absorption rate of the porous inorganic material. This is because monomers are polymerized within the pores, and if the water absorption rate is exceeded, polymerization will proceed on the surface as well, causing particles to adhere to each other, making handling after polymerization difficult. In a polymerization reaction, everything involved in polymerization is
It goes without saying that the atmosphere should be replaced with N 2 gas so as not to inhibit the polymerization reaction. Next, a polymerization initiator is added to start the polymerization reaction.
Butyl hydroperoxide and the like are used, and redox initiators in which these are combined with reducing agents such as sodium bisulfite, -ascorbic acid, and ferrous salts are also used. A preferable method for adding the polymerization initiator is to spray the polymerization initiator or an aqueous solution of the polymerization initiator and reducing agent onto the porous inorganic material containing the polymerizable monomer. Furthermore, in order to uniformly disperse and add the polymerization initiator evenly, it is particularly preferable to add the aqueous polymerization initiator solution in the form of a mist. To make the aqueous polymerization initiator solution into a mist, an ultrasonic device using an ultrasonic vibrator, a rotary atomization centrifugal spray device using centrifugal force, or a spray nozzle is used. Regarding the polymerization temperature, no particular temperature control is required, but if it is lower than 5°C, the initiation of polymerization tends to be uncertain, so the polymerization initiation temperature is set to 5°C or higher. The polymerization reaction is completed within a few minutes to several hours, and it is possible to use the obtained water-containing state as a water-retaining composite material, or it is possible to absorb water after drying by heating and use it as a water-retaining material. The water-retaining composite material thus obtained has excellent water-retaining properties, so
When used in hydroponic cultivation, the frequency of water supply can be reduced and it is easier to enjoy growing plants indoors, further increasing the value of hydroponic plants as indoor interiors. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on Examples. Example 1 35 parts by weight of acrylic acid (weight is omitted hereafter),
A monomer mixture consisting of 65 parts of sodium acrylate and 4 parts of diethylene glycol epoxy acrylate was diluted to 30% with water, and the mixture was replaced with N2 by blowing in N2 gas. The N2 atmosphere is maintained until the completion of polymerization.
This prevented polymerization from being inhibited. Commercially available artificial lightweight aggregate (particle size: 5-10mm; volumetric weight 0.7-0.8Kg/
; saturated water absorption rate: 15-17%), an aqueous solution of the monomer mixture was sprayed and absorbed, but the water absorption rate was set at 10-12%. Next, 0.4% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution, 0.2%
The artificial lightweight aggregate impregnated with the aqueous solution of the monomer mixture was held for 10 seconds in an atmosphere in which an aqueous sodium bisulfite solution was atomized using an ultrasonic atomizer to initiate the polymerization reaction. Furthermore, the polymerization reaction was completed by holding the same in the same N 2 atmosphere for 1 hour, but the polymerization temperature was 30 to 70°C. When the water retention rate of this water-retaining composite material was measured, Table 1. The results were as shown in No. 1, indicating excellent water retention. In addition, we compared it with artificial lightweight aggregate by planting pothos, an ornamental plant, in flowerpots, and were able to reduce the frequency of watering. Note that the saturated water absorption rate, water absorption rate, and water retention rate were calculated using the following formulas. (1) Saturated water absorption rate (A) A = Weight of sample after saturated water absorption - Dry weight of sample / Dry weight of sample x 100 (%) Weight of sample after saturated water absorption: Sample in water
Weight after soaking for 30 minutes and draining for 5 minutes on a wire mesh (2) Water absorption rate (B) B = Weight of sample after water absorption - Dry weight of sample / Dry weight of sample x 100 (%) (3) Water retention Rate (C) C = Weight of sample after water absorption - Weight of sample after being left at room temperature / Weight of sample after water absorption - Dry weight of sample x 100 (%) Weight of sample after being left at room temperature: Weight of sample after being left at room temperature Weight after being left in an atmosphere of 25±1℃ and 60%RH for 50 hours
【表】
給水間隔は植えたポトスの水気がなくなり生気
がなくなるまでの期間をみた。
実施例 ２〜５
ジエチレングリコールエポキシアクリレートを
６部、８部、10部、12部と増やす以外は、実施
例．１と同様にして保水性複合材料の製造および
吸水性、保水性の測定をすると、表．２の結果を
得た。架橋性単量体が12部のため大巾な吸水性の
低下が認められ、これは架橋密度が大きくなつた
ためと考えられる。[Table] The watering interval was determined based on the period until the planted pothos loses its moisture and loses its vitality. Examples 2-5 Same as Example except that diethylene glycol epoxy acrylate was increased to 6 parts, 8 parts, 10 parts, and 12 parts. When a water-retaining composite material was manufactured and its water absorption and water retention properties were measured in the same manner as in 1, Table. 2 results were obtained. Since the amount of crosslinking monomer was 12 parts, a significant decrease in water absorption was observed, which is thought to be due to the increased crosslinking density.
【表】
実施例 ６
アクリル酸35部、アクリル酸ナトリウム55部、
アクリルアミド10部、Ｎ，N′−メチレンピスア
クリルアミド0.05部からなる単量体混合物を水で
35％に希釈し、N2ガスで置換する。粒状のパー
ライト（粒径：７〜12mm；容積重量：0.05Kg／
；飽和吸水率：70％）に単量体混合物を散布吸
収させた。吸水率は約20％とした。次に0.4％過
硫酸アンモニウム水溶液、0.2％亜硫酸水素ナト
リウム水溶液をそれぞれ超音波霧化装置で霧化し
た雰囲気に先の単量体混合物を含有させたパーラ
イトを15秒間づつ保持し、重合反応を開始させ
た。更に同じくN2雰囲気中で90分間保持し、重
合を完結させて保水性複合材料を製造した。次に
実施例．１と同様の保水性試験を実施すると、
表．３の結果となり、優れた保水性を示した。[Table] Example 6 35 parts of acrylic acid, 55 parts of sodium acrylate,
A monomer mixture consisting of 10 parts of acrylamide and 0.05 part of N,N'-methylenepisacrylamide was mixed with water.
Dilute to 35% and replace with N2 gas. Granular pearlite (particle size: 7-12mm; volumetric weight: 0.05Kg/
; saturated water absorption rate: 70%) by scattering and absorbing the monomer mixture. The water absorption rate was approximately 20%. Next, the pearlite containing the monomer mixture was held for 15 seconds in an atmosphere in which 0.4% ammonium persulfate aqueous solution and 0.2% sodium bisulfite aqueous solution were atomized using an ultrasonic atomizer to initiate the polymerization reaction. Ta. Furthermore, the mixture was kept in the same N 2 atmosphere for 90 minutes to complete polymerization and produce a water-retentive composite material. Next is an example. When conducting the same water retention test as in 1,
table. The result was 3, indicating excellent water retention.
【表】
実施例 ７〜８
Ｎ，N′−メチレンピスアクリルアミドを0.03
部、0.01部と減らす以外は、実施例．６と同様に
して、保水性複合材料の製造および吸水率の測定
をすると表．４の結果を得た。架橋性単量体が
0.01部の場合、保水性の低下が認められ、これは
架橋密度が小さくなつたためと考えられる。
従つて、架橋性単量体の使用量は0.01部が下限
である。[Table] Examples 7-8 N,N'-methylenepisacrylamide at 0.03
Example except that it was reduced to 0.01 parts. When a water-retaining composite material was manufactured and its water absorption rate was measured in the same manner as in 6, Table. A result of 4 was obtained. The crosslinking monomer
In the case of 0.01 part, a decrease in water retention was observed, which is thought to be due to a decrease in crosslink density. Therefore, the lower limit of the amount of crosslinking monomer used is 0.01 part.
Claims (1)
0.01〜10重量部の他の架橋性単量体とを、20重量
％以上の濃度を有する混合単量体水溶液とし、
N2ガスで溶存酸素を除去し、該混合単量体水溶
液を粒状の多孔性無機質材料に、該多孔性無機質
材料の吸水率以下で含浸させて重合せしめてなる
吸水性をゆうする保水性複合材料。1 Water-soluble polymerized monomer and for the monomer
0.01 to 10 parts by weight of other crosslinkable monomers to form a mixed monomer aqueous solution having a concentration of 20% by weight or more,
A water-retentive composite with water absorption properties obtained by removing dissolved oxygen with N 2 gas, impregnating a granular porous inorganic material with the mixed monomer aqueous solution at a water absorption rate lower than that of the porous inorganic material, and polymerizing the mixture. material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023486A JPS60166251A (en) | 1984-02-10 | 1984-02-10 | Water-holding composite material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023486A JPS60166251A (en) | 1984-02-10 | 1984-02-10 | Water-holding composite material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS60166251A JPS60166251A (en) | 1985-08-29 |
| JPH052633B2 true JPH052633B2 (en) | 1993-01-12 |
Family
ID=12111848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP59023486A Granted JPS60166251A (en) | 1984-02-10 | 1984-02-10 | Water-holding composite material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS60166251A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10130427A1 (en) * | 2001-06-23 | 2003-03-27 | Reinmar Peppmoeller | Stable, water-swellable and absorbent anionic polymers with a sponge structure and their production and use |
| JPH01243927A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-09-28 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Soil water-retaining material |
| JPH03198726A (en) * | 1989-12-26 | 1991-08-29 | World Ceramic:Kk | Horticultural pebble |
| JPH03114935U (en) * | 1990-03-07 | 1991-11-27 | ||
| JP3901742B2 (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 2007-04-04 | イーエムエス・クンストシュトフ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Polymerizable mixture, process for its production and its use |
| JP4694810B2 (en) * | 2004-09-08 | 2011-06-08 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Water-retaining material for plant growth mainly composed of water-absorbent resin |
-
1984
- 1984-02-10 JP JP59023486A patent/JPS60166251A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS60166251A (en) | 1985-08-29 |
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