JPH05257119A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To decrease the changes in chromaticity and brightness with visual sense and to improve a contrast. CONSTITUTION:This liquid crystal display has a liquid crystal cell 60 which is constituted by a clamping a liquid crystal layer 22 between a pair of upper and lower electrode substrates 11, 12 disposed to face oppositely and subjected to an orientation treatment and a pair of polarizing plates 15, 16 which are disposed on at least one surface of the liquid crystal cell and are disposed by holding a member to provide a double refractive effect, the liquid crystal cell and a member to provide a double refractive effect. The members to provide the double refractive effect are formed of two double refractive members 40, 401. The double refractiveness of the one double refractive member is made positive and the double refractiveness of the other double refractive member negative. In addition, the two double refractive members 40, 401 are disposed in the directions where the delay phase axes vary. The change rate of a DELTAn.d value with the visual sense of STN-LCD is corrected by a phase difference plate, by which the visual field angle is widened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a field effect liquid crystal display device having excellent time division driving characteristics and capable of displaying black and white and multicolor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional twisted nematic type liquid crystal display device has a 90 ° twisted helix structure formed by a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between two electrode substrates. A pair of polarizing plates is arranged outside the electrode substrate so that the polarization axis (or absorption axis) thereof is orthogonal or parallel to the axis of the liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the electrode substrate (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51- 13666
Publication).

In such a liquid crystal display device having a twist angle of 90 °, there are problems in terms of the steepness γ of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer with respect to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer and the viewing angle characteristic. The practical limit was 64 for the number of electrodes). However, in order to cope with recent demands for improving image quality and increasing the amount of display information for liquid crystal display elements, the twist angle α of liquid crystal molecules sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates is set to be larger than 180 °, and the voltage applied to this liquid crystal layer is increased. Applied Physics Letter No. 45, No. 5 can improve the time-division driving characteristics and increase the number of time-divisions by adopting a configuration that detects changes in the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal layer due to. 10, 1021, 1984 (Applied Physics Lette
r, T. J. Scheffer, J. Nehring: “A new, highly mul
tiplexable liquid crystal display "), and a super twisted birefringence effect type (SBE) liquid crystal display device has been proposed.

[0004]

The SBE liquid crystal display device has a problem in that it is possible to display only a limited color such as blue display on a yellow background or blue display on a white background.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device which has excellent time-division driving characteristics, basically enables black-and-white display, and is capable of multi-color display by combination with a color filter. To do.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device in which changes in chromaticity and luminance with respect to a viewing angle are reduced, and contrast characteristics and ON transmittance are improved.

[0007]

In order to achieve such an object, a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has a positive dielectric anisotropy and a nematic liquid crystal to which an optical rotatory substance is added. A liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal layer having a spiral structure twisted by an angle within a range of 180 to 360 degrees in a direction is sandwiched between a pair of upper and lower electrode substrates which have been subjected to an alignment treatment, and the liquid crystal cell. A birefringent member that is disposed on at least one surface of the cell to provide a birefringence effect, and a pair of polarizing plates that are disposed so as to sandwich the liquid crystal cell and the member that exerts the birefringence effect. The member that produces the effect is two birefringent members (retardation film), and
The birefringence of one birefringent member is positive, the birefringence of the other birefringent member is negative, and the slow axes of the two birefringent members are arranged in different directions. Is.

[0008]

By correcting the amount of change in Δn · d value with respect to the viewing angle of the STN-LCD with the phase difference plate, the viewing angle can be widened.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a liquid crystal display device 62 to which the present invention is applied.
Direction of liquid crystal molecules on the electrode substrate when viewed from above (for example, rubbing direction), twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, polarization axis (or absorption axis) direction of polarizing plate, and optical axis of member that causes birefringence effect FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a main part of the liquid crystal display device 62 according to the present invention. The twist direction 10 and the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules are determined by the upper electrode substrate 11
The rubbing direction 6 of the upper alignment film 21, the rubbing direction 7 of the alignment film 22 on the lower electrode substrate 12, and the nematic liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between the upper electrode substrate 11 and the lower electrode substrate 12. It is defined by the type and amount of the optically active substance added to 50.

In FIG. 2, in order to orient the liquid crystal molecules in a twisted spiral structure between the upper and lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 50, a transparent upper layer made of, for example, glass is used. The rubbing method, which is a method of rubbing the surfaces of the alignment films 21 and 22 made of an organic polymer resin made of polyimide in contact with the liquid crystal on the lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 with a cloth, for example, in one direction, is adopted. ing. The rubbing direction at this time, that is, the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction on the upper electrode substrate 11 and the rubbing direction 7 on the lower electrode substrate 12 are the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules. Two upper and lower electrode substrates 1 that have been oriented in this way
1 and 12 are made to face each other with a gap d ₁ so that the rubbing directions 6 and 7 intersect with each other at approximately 180 to 360 degrees, and the two electrode substrates 11 and 12 are notched for injecting liquid crystal. When a nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and having a predetermined amount of an optical rotatory substance is sealed in by adhering with a frame-shaped sealant 52 having a portion 51,
The liquid crystal molecules have a helical molecular arrangement with a twist angle θ in the figure between the electrode substrates. Reference numerals 31 and 32 are transparent upper and lower electrodes made of, for example, indium oxide or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). A member (so-called retardation film or retardation plate) that produces a birefringence effect on the upper electrode substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 60 thus configured (hereinafter referred to as a birefringence member. Fujimura et al. “STN-LC
D retardation film ", magazine electronic material February 1991 issue, pp. 37-41) 40, 401.
Further, upper and lower polarizing plates 15 and 16 are provided with the members 40 and 401 and the liquid crystal cell 60 interposed therebetween. In the present invention,
The two phase difference plates 40 and 401 having different characteristics are used as the members that bring about the birefringence effect. The one in which two retardation films having different characteristics (positive and negative) may be used is described in Fujimura et al., “Polarizing plate, retardation plate”, Magazine Electronic Material, November 1991, pp. 53-57. However, here, the case where the ratio of Δn · d of the two retardation films is 50/50 is the best. However, this is considered to be the case where the slow axes of the two retardation films are matched. The present invention is based on the discovery that it is possible to remarkably widen the viewing angle by shifting the slow axes of the two retardation films. 11
Shows how much the Δn · d value changes when the viewing angle changes when two retardation films are combined. The ratio is shown based on Δn · d (φ = 0: when viewed vertically). Samples A, B, C,
Specific values of D and E are shown in FIG. FIG. 12 shows a sectional view of a liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 indicate the same or equivalent portions. Here, a negative retardation plate is arranged on the upper retardation plate,
A positive retardation plate is used as the lower retardation plate. This widens the viewing angle in the vertical direction (θ = 90 degrees to 270 degrees). Further, when a positive retardation plate is arranged on the upper retardation plate and a negative retardation plate is arranged on the lower retardation plate, the horizontal direction (θ = 0 ° to 180 °
The characteristic that the viewing angle of (degree) widens is obtained. FIG. 13 shows LC
The optical axis of D is shown. The vertical alignment axis of the LCD is arranged at a position of 30 degrees with respect to the origin (horizontal), and the twist angle is 240 degrees. The absorption axis angle of the upper polarizing plate is 98 degrees, the stretching axis angle of the upper retardation plate is 38 degrees, the stretching axis angle of the lower retardation plate is 72.5 degrees, and the absorption axis angle of the lower polarizing plate is the lower liquid crystal molecule. The angle was 165 degrees, which is an angle shifted by 45 degrees with respect to the orientation axis angle. FIG. 15 shows the Δn · d of the liquid crystal element and the retardation plate that can obtain a monochrome display in the STN-LCD.
It shows the relationship of values. FIG. 16 shows the relationship between the optical axes of the polarizing plate and the phase difference plate that can obtain black and white display in the STN-LCD. FIG. 17 shows the viewing angle contrast characteristic in the vertical direction. In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the viewing angle contrast in the upward direction is improved as compared with the conventional product. Further, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19, the change amount of chromaticity and luminance with respect to the angle was smaller than that of the conventional product.

The twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal 50 can take a value in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, but is preferably 200 ° to 300 °, but lighting in the vicinity of the threshold value of the transmittance-applied voltage curve. From a practical viewpoint of avoiding the phenomenon that the state becomes an orientation that scatters light and maintaining an excellent time division characteristic, the range of 230 degrees to 270 degrees is more preferable. This condition basically makes the response of the liquid crystal molecules to the voltage more sensitive and acts to realize excellent time division characteristics. In order to obtain excellent display quality and the refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 50 a product [Delta] n ₁ of the thickness d ₁
-D ₁ is preferably set in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.6 μm to 0.9 μm.

The birefringent member 40 acts so as to modulate the polarization state of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell 60, and converts what could be colored display only by the liquid crystal cell 60 into black and white display. Thus the birefringent member 40 refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₂ and is extremely important product [Delta] n ₂ · d ₂ of a thickness d _2, preferably 0.8μm from 0.4 .mu.m, more preferably 0.5μm To 0.7 μm.

Further, since the liquid crystal display device 62 according to the present invention utilizes the elliptically polarized light due to the birefringence, the polarizing plate 15,
When the uniaxial transparent birefringent plate is used as the birefringent member 40, the relationship between the 16 axes and the liquid crystal alignment directions 6 and 7 of the electrode substrates 11 and 12 of the liquid crystal cell 60 is extremely important. ..

The effect of the above relationship will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 shows an axis of a polarizing plate, an optical axis of a uniaxial transparent birefringent member when the liquid crystal display device having the configuration of FIG. 2 is viewed from above,
3 shows the relationship between the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecule axes of an electrode substrate of a liquid crystal cell. However, a case where the birefringent member 401 is not provided will be described here.

In FIG. 2, 5 is the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, 6 is the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the birefringent member 40 and the upper electrode substrate 11 adjacent thereto, and 7 is the lower electrode substrate 12. The liquid crystal alignment direction, 8 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the upper polarization plate 15, 9 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the lower polarization plate 16, and the angle α is uniaxial birefringence with the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate 11. The angle β between the optical axis 5 of the member 40 and the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate 15 or the polarization axis 8 and the optical axis 5 of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is the lower polarizing plate 16. Is the angle between the absorption axis or polarization axis 9 of the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal alignment direction 7 of the lower electrode substrate 12.

Here, how to measure the angles α, β and γ in the present specification will be defined. In FIG. 6, the intersection angle between the optical axis 5 of the birefringent member 40 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate will be described as an example. The intersection angle between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. ₂ , it can be represented by φ ₁ and φ _2. However, in this specification, the smaller angle of φ ₁ and φ ₂ is adopted. That is, since φ ₁ <φ ₂ in FIG. 6A, φ ₁ is the intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6,
Since φ ₁ > φ ₂ in FIG. 6B, φ ₂ is defined as an intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6. Of course, either one may be adopted when φ ₁ = φ ₂ .

In the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, the angles α, β and γ are extremely important.

The angle α is preferably 50 ° to 90 °, more preferably 70 ° to 90 °, the angle β is preferably 20 ° to 70 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °, and the angle γ is preferably. It is desirable to set each to 0 to 70 degrees, and more preferably to 0 to 50 degrees.

If the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal layer 50 of the liquid crystal cell 60 is in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, the above angle is satisfied regardless of whether the twist direction 10 is clockwise or counterclockwise. It suffices that α, β and γ be within the above range.

In FIG. 2, the birefringent member 40 is arranged between the upper polarizing plate 15 and the upper electrode substrate 11, but instead of this position, the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16 are provided.
It may be arranged between and. This case corresponds to the case where the entire configuration of FIG. 2 is inverted.

Example 1 The basic structure is the same as that shown in FIGS. In FIG. 3, the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules is 240 degrees,
As the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, a liquid crystal cell having a parallel orientation (homogeneous orientation), that is, a twist angle of 0 degree was used. Here, the ratio d between the thickness d (μm) of the liquid crystal layer and the helical pitch p (μm) of the liquid crystal material to which the optical rotatory substance is added.
/ P was set to 6.2 / (11.75 ± 0.1). The alignment films 21 and 22 were formed of a polyimide resin film and used after being rubbed. The Δn ₂ · d ₂ of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is about 0.6 μm. On the other hand, Δn ₁ · d ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 50 having a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 240 degrees is about 0.8 μm.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 90 degrees, the angle β to about 30 degrees, and the angle γ to about 30 degrees, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 via the upper and lower electrodes 31 and 32 is increased. When the voltage is below the threshold, light non-transmission, that is, black, and when the voltage exceeds a certain threshold, light transmission, that is, white and black display is realized. In addition, the axis of the lower polarizing plate 16 is 50
When rotated by 90 degrees from white, white display was realized when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 was below the threshold, and black when the voltage was above the threshold, which was the reverse of the above.

FIG. 4 shows a change in contrast during time-division driving at 1/200 duty when the angle α is changed in the configuration of FIG. Although the contrast was extremely high in the vicinity of the angle α of 90 °, it decreased as the angle deviated. Moreover, when the angle α is small, both the lighting part and the non-lighting part are bluish, and when the angle α is large, the non-lighting part is purple and the lighting part is yellow, and in any case black and white display is impossible. Similar results are obtained for the angle β and the angle γ, but in the case of the angle γ, as described above, when the image is rotated from 50 degrees to 90 degrees, the black and white display is reversed.

Example 2 The basic structure is the same as that of Example 1. However, the liquid crystal layer 50
The twist angle of the liquid crystal molecule is 260 degrees, and Δn ₁ · d ₁ is about 0.
The difference is 65 μm to 0.75 μm. Δ of the parallel alignment liquid crystal layer used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40
n ₂ · d ₂ is about 0.58 μm as in the first embodiment. The ratio of the thickness d ₁ (μm) of the liquid crystal layer to the helical pitch p (μm) of the nematic liquid crystal material to which the optically active substance is added is d / p =
It was set to 6.2 / (10.97 ± 0.1).

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 100 degrees, the angle β to about 35 degrees, and the angle γ to about 15 degrees, the monochrome display similar to that of the first embodiment can be realized. It is also similar to the first embodiment in that the reverse black and white display is possible by rotating the position of the axis of the lower polarizing plate from the above value by 50 to 90 degrees. The tendency for the deviations of the angles α, β, γ is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.

In each of the above embodiments, a parallel alignment liquid crystal cell having no twist of liquid crystal molecules was used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, but rather a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted by about 20 to 60 degrees is used. There is less color change depending on the angle. Like the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 50, this twisted liquid crystal layer is formed by sandwiching a liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates that have been subjected to the alignment treatment so that the alignment treatment directions intersect a predetermined twist angle. It In this case, the bisected direction of the two orientation treatment directions sandwiching the twisted structure of the liquid crystal molecules may be treated as the optical axis of the birefringent member. A transparent polymer film may be used as the birefringent member 40 (uniaxially stretched film is preferable at this time). In this case, as the polymer film, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic resin film, and polycarbonate are effective.

Further, although the single birefringent member is used in the above embodiments, in addition to the birefringent member 40 in FIG. 2, another birefringent member is provided between the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16. It is also possible to insert a bending member. In this case, Δn ₂ · d ₂ of these birefringent members should be readjusted.

Example 3 The basic structure is the same as in Example 1. However, as shown in FIG. 7, red, green, and blue color filters 3 are provided on the upper electrode substrate 11.
By providing the light shielding film 33D between the filters 3R, 33G, 33B and the filters, multicolor display is possible.

In FIG. 7, each filter 33
A smoothing layer 23 made of an insulating material is formed on the R, 33G, 33B, and the light shielding film 33D to reduce the influence of these irregularities, and an upper electrode 31 and an alignment film 21 are formed thereon.

Fourth Embodiment A liquid crystal display module 63 in which a liquid crystal display device 62 according to a third embodiment, a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal display device 62, and a light source are compactly integrated.

FIG. 8 shows an exploded perspective view thereof.
The IC 34 that drives the liquid crystal display device 62 is mounted on a frame-shaped printed circuit board 35 that has a window for fitting the liquid crystal display device 62 in the center. The printed circuit board 35 in which the liquid crystal display device 62 is fitted is fitted in the window portion of the frame-shaped body 42 formed by plastic molding, the metal frame 41 is superposed on this, and the claws 43 are formed on the frame-shaped body 42. The frame 41 is fixed to the frame-like body 42 by bending it into the notch 44.

A cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36 arranged at the upper and lower ends of the liquid crystal display device 62, a light guide 37 made of an acrylic plate for uniformly irradiating the liquid crystal display cell 60 with light from the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36, A reflecting plate 38 formed by applying white paint to a metal plate and a milky white diffusing plate 39 for diffusing light from the light guide 37 are fitted into the window portion from the back side of the frame-shaped body 42 in the order of FIG. Be done. An inverter power supply circuit (not shown) for lighting the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36 is provided with a recess (not shown) provided on the back side of the right side of the frame-shaped body 42. The recess 45 of the reflector 38 is provided.
It is in a position opposite to. ). Diffusion plate 39,
The light guide 37, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 36, and the reflector 38 are fixed by bending a tongue piece 46 provided on the reflector 38 into a small opening 47 provided on the frame-shaped body 42.

Embodiment 5 The liquid crystal display module 63 according to Embodiment 4 is used in the display section of a laptop personal computer.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram thereof, and FIG.
FIG. 0 shows a diagram mounted on the laptop personal computer 64. The result calculated by the microprocessor 49 is to drive the liquid crystal display module 63 by the drive IC 34 via the control LSI 48.

[0036]

According to the present invention, since black and white display having excellent time-division driving characteristics can be performed, a large-capacity clear display can be realized. In addition, a color display comparable to a color CRT is possible by combining with a color filter.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a relationship among an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, an axis direction of a polarizing plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Is.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of essential parts of a first embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship among a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, an axis direction of a deflecting plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a second embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing contrast and transmitted light color-crossing angle α characteristics for the first embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a relationship among an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of an axis of a deflecting plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in a third embodiment of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. Is.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining how to measure intersection angles α, β, and γ.

FIG. 7 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an upper electrode substrate portion of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a liquid crystal display module according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a laptop personal computer according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a laptop computer according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the amount of change in Δn · d value of two retardation films when the viewing angle of the laminated retardation films is changed.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in an embodiment of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 shows Δn of two retardation films used in the present invention.
-It is explanatory drawing which showed d value.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a relationship between Δn · d values of a liquid crystal element capable of obtaining a monochrome display in an STN-LCD and a retardation plate.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a relationship between optical axes of a polarizing plate and a retardation plate that can obtain black and white display in STN-LCD.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing vertical-direction viewing angle contrast characteristics.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an amount of change in chromaticity with respect to an angle.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a variation amount of luminance with respect to an angle.

[Explanation of symbols]

5 ... Optical axis of uniaxial transparent birefringent member, 6 ... Liquid crystal alignment direction of upper electrode substrate, 7 ... Liquid crystal alignment direction of lower electrode substrate, 8 ... Polarization axis or absorption of upper polarizing plate Axis, 9 ...
Polarization axis or absorption axis of lower polarizing plate, 10 ... twist direction of liquid crystal molecules, 11 ... upper electrode substrate, 12 ... lower electrode substrate, 15 ... upper polarizing plate, 16 ... lower polarized light Board, 23
..Smooth layer, 33R ... Red filter, 33G ... Green filter, 33B ... Blue filter, 34 ... Driving IC, 40 ... Birefringent member, 60 ... Liquid crystal cell, 6
2 ... Liquid crystal display device, 63 ... Liquid crystal display module, 64 ... Laptop personal computer, θ ... Twist angle of liquid crystal molecules.

Claims (15)

[Claims] 1. A liquid crystal layer having a positive dielectric anisotropy and formed with a nematic liquid crystal to which an optical rotatory substance is added to form a helical structure twisted in an angle range of 180 ° to 360 ° in a thickness direction thereof. A liquid crystal cell sandwiched between a pair of upper and lower electrode substrates that have been subjected to an alignment treatment, a member disposed on at least one surface of the liquid crystal cell to provide a birefringence effect, and the liquid crystal cell And a pair of polarizing plates disposed with the member for providing the birefringence effect interposed therebetween, the members for producing the birefringence effect being two birefringence members, and the birefringence of one of the birefringence members. And a negative birefringence of the other birefringent member, and the slow axes of the two birefringent members are arranged in different directions. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the member that produces the birefringence effect is optically uniaxial. 3. The angle formed by the optical axis of the member for producing the birefringence effect and the liquid crystal alignment direction by the electrode substrate adjacent to the member is in the range of 50 ° to 90 °. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to item 2. 4. The product Δn ₁ · d ₁ of the refractive index anisotropy Δn ₁ of the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell and its thickness d ₁ (μm) is 0.
The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display device is in the range of 5 μm to 1.0 μm. 5. The angle formed between the optical axis of the member that brings about the birefringence effect and the polarization axis or absorption axis of a polarizing plate adjacent to the member is in the range of 20 to 70 degrees. The described liquid crystal display device. 6. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the member that produces the birefringence effect is a liquid crystal layer. 7. The member for producing the birefringence effect is a homogeneously aligned liquid crystal layer.
The described liquid crystal display device. 8. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter laminated on the liquid crystal cell. 9. and the refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₂ members resulting in birefringence effect and characterized in that its thickness product [Delta] n ₂ · d ₂ of d ₂ is in the range of 0.8μm from 0.4μm Claim 1
The described liquid crystal display device. 10. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the member that produces the birefringence effect is a liquid crystal layer that forms a spiral structure twisted along an axis perpendicular to the electrode substrate surface. 11. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the member that produces the birefringence effect is a uniaxially stretched polymer film. 12. The angle formed by the liquid crystal alignment direction of the electrode substrate on the side not adjacent to the member producing the birefringence effect and the polarization axis of the polarizing plate adjacent to the electrode substrate is within a range of 0 to 70 degrees. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the liquid crystal display device is provided. 13. A helical pitch p (μm) of the nematic liquid crystal material to which the optical rotatory substance is added and a thickness d (μ) of the liquid crystal layer.
2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein m) has a relationship of 0.6 ≦ d / p ≦ 1.40. 14. In order to arrange liquid crystal molecules in one direction,
2. The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein a method (rubbing method) of forming an organic alignment film on the electrode substrate and rubbing the surface in one direction with a cloth or the like is used. 15. A color filter for each pixel is laminated at a position corresponding to each pixel.
The described liquid crystal display device.