JPH05167057A - Radiation sensor - Google Patents

Radiation sensor

Info

Publication number
JPH05167057A
JPH05167057A JP3335071A JP33507191A JPH05167057A JP H05167057 A JPH05167057 A JP H05167057A JP 3335071 A JP3335071 A JP 3335071A JP 33507191 A JP33507191 A JP 33507191A JP H05167057 A JPH05167057 A JP H05167057A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
layer
cdte
radiation
cds
metal electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3335071A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yasuhiro Tomita
康弘 富田
Toshiaki Kawai
敏昭 河合
Toshio Takabayashi
敏雄 高林
Yoshinori Hatanaka
義式 畑中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Original Assignee
Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hamamatsu Photonics KK filed Critical Hamamatsu Photonics KK
Priority to JP3335071A priority Critical patent/JPH05167057A/en
Publication of JPH05167057A publication Critical patent/JPH05167057A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the sensitivity and the resolution of a radiation sensor by a method wherein a radiation responsive layer composed of CdTe and a hole stopping layer composed of CdS are provided and an electron stopping layer which is formed on the radiation responsive layer is provided so as to sandwich the radiation responsive layer. CONSTITUTION:A CdS layer 2 as a hole stopping layer and a CdTe layer 3 as an X-ray responsive layer are laminated sequentially on a substrate 1; a metal electrode 4 as an electron stopping layer is formed on its surface. A bias is applied in such a way that the side of the substrate 1 is positive and that the side of the metal electrode 4 is negative. Then, a space-charge region is formed in the CdTe layer 3 whose resistance is high. The CdS layer 2 acts as the hole stopping layer, and the Schottky barrier between the CdTe layer 3 and the metal electrode 4 acts as the electron stopping layer. As a result, X-rays can be sensed. Thereby, when a detection signal at each picture element is read out, the resolution and the sensitivity of the title sensor are enhanced, an X-ray pixel can be sensed and a limitation on the manufacturing process of the title sensor can be reduced.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は放射線検出素子に関する
ものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a radiation detecting element.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】このような分野の従来技術として、特開
昭63−29971号のものが知られている。ここで
は、センサとしてCdTeとa−Si:Hの接合構造が
示されている。ここで、a−Si:Hは正孔阻止層とし
て用いられている。このa−Si:Hは非晶質であるた
め、独自の格子定数を持っておらず、したがって欠陥の
少ないCdTeとの接合が可能になる。
2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional technique in such a field, JP-A-63-29971 is known. Here, a junction structure of CdTe and a-Si: H is shown as a sensor. Here, a-Si: H is used as the hole blocking layer. Since this a-Si: H is amorphous, it does not have its own lattice constant, and therefore it can be bonded to CdTe with few defects.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、a−Si:H
上にCdTeを堆積する場合は、CdTe自身がa−S
i:Hに合った接合手を形成できず、多くの欠陥が接合
に生じる。さらに、a−Si:Hは250℃以上で水素
の脱離が生じ、膜質が劣化するため、堆積時の基板温度
を高くできない。
However, a-Si: H
When CdTe is deposited on top, CdTe itself is aS
i: H cannot be formed in a suitable joint, and many defects occur in the joint. Further, a-Si: H is desorbed of hydrogen at 250 ° C. or higher and the film quality is deteriorated, so that the substrate temperature during deposition cannot be increased.

【0004】なお、CdTe/CdSヘテロ接合構造の
デバイスとしては、例えば太陽電池や、光起電力素子
や、電子写真感光体(特開昭61−162052)が知
られている。しかし、これらは無バイアス状態で用いら
れて、光による電位差を発生させるものであり、放射線
検出の機能を有さない。本発明は、かかる従来の問題点
を解決した放射線検出素子を提供する。
As a device having a CdTe / CdS heterojunction structure, for example, a solar cell, a photovoltaic element, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-162052) are known. However, these are used in a non-biased state to generate a potential difference due to light, and do not have a radiation detection function. The present invention provides a radiation detection element that solves the above conventional problems.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係る放射線検出
素子は、CdTeからなる放射線感応層と、この放射線
感応層にヘテロ接合されたCdSからなる正孔阻止層
と、この正孔阻止層との間で放射線感応層を挟むように
当該放射線感応層上に設けられた電子阻止層とを備える
ことを特徴とする。
A radiation detecting element according to the present invention comprises a radiation sensitive layer made of CdTe, a hole blocking layer made of CdS heterojunction to the radiation sensitive layer, and a hole blocking layer. And an electron blocking layer provided on the radiation-sensitive layer so as to sandwich the radiation-sensitive layer therebetween.

【0006】[0006]

【作用】本発明によれば、放射線が入射されるとCdT
e層で電子/正孔対が生成する。ここで、CdTe層に
ヘテロ接合されたCdS層は正孔阻止層であり、CdS
層側がプラスとなるような直流バイアスが加えらてい
る。したがって、CdTe層への外部からの電子、正孔
の注入は上記のCdS層と電子阻止層により阻止され、
一方で放射線による生成キャリアが検出される。
According to the present invention, when radiation is incident, CdT
Electron / hole pairs are generated in the e layer. Here, the CdS layer hetero-junctioned with the CdTe layer is a hole blocking layer, and
DC bias is applied so that the layer side becomes positive. Therefore, injection of electrons and holes from the outside into the CdTe layer is blocked by the CdS layer and the electron blocking layer,
On the other hand, carriers generated by radiation are detected.

【0007】[0007]

【実施例】以下、添付図面により、本発明の実施例を示
す。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

【0008】図1は本発明に係る放射線検出素子の基本
構造を示し、図2はそのバンド構造を示している。図示
の通り、基板1上には正孔阻止層としてのCdS層2
と、X線感応層としてのCdTe層3とが順次に積層さ
れ、その上面に電子阻止層としての金属電極4が形成さ
れている。なお、基板1としては例えばBe基板が用い
られ、あるいは表面にSnO2 やITOなどの導電膜を
形成したガラス板が用いられる。また、金属電極4とし
ては、例えばAuなどが用いられる。そして、X線は金
属電極4から、あるいは基板1側から入射される。
FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a radiation detecting element according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows its band structure. As shown, a CdS layer 2 as a hole blocking layer is formed on the substrate 1.
And a CdTe layer 3 as an X-ray sensitive layer are sequentially laminated, and a metal electrode 4 as an electron blocking layer is formed on the upper surface thereof. As the substrate 1, for example, a Be substrate is used, or a glass plate having a conductive film such as SnO 2 or ITO formed on its surface is used. Further, as the metal electrode 4, for example, Au or the like is used. Then, the X-ray is incident from the metal electrode 4 or the substrate 1 side.

【0009】図2に示す通り、この放射線検出素子にお
いては、基板1側がプラス、金属電極4側がマイナスと
なるバイアスが印加される。すると、高低抗のCdTe
層3に空間電荷領域が形成される。このとき、CdS層
2が正孔阻止層の機能を有することになり、またCdT
e層3と金属電極4のショットキーが障壁が電子阻止層
の機能を有することになりX線検出が可能になる。
As shown in FIG. 2, in this radiation detecting element, a bias is applied such that the substrate 1 side is positive and the metal electrode 4 side is negative. Then, high and low resistance CdTe
Space charge regions are formed in layer 3. At this time, the CdS layer 2 functions as a hole blocking layer, and the CdT layer
The Schottky barrier between the e layer 3 and the metal electrode 4 has a barrier functioning as an electron blocking layer, which enables X-ray detection.

【0010】図1および図2の構造の放射線検出素子
は、次のようにして作製する。まず、少なくとも表面が
導電性とされた基板1上に、蒸着あるいはスパッタ法で
n型のCdS層2を形成する。次に、同様の手法で高抵
抗のCdTe層3を形成し、このCdTe層3に対し
て、電子のショットキー障壁を形成する金属電極4を更
に形成する。なお、金属電極4に代えて、CVD法など
でa−Si:H膜を形成すれば、電子阻止層の役割と電
荷蓄積層の役割を兼ねることができる。
The radiation detecting element having the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is manufactured as follows. First, the n-type CdS layer 2 is formed on the substrate 1 at least the surface of which is electrically conductive, by vapor deposition or sputtering. Next, a high resistance CdTe layer 3 is formed by the same method, and a metal electrode 4 forming a Schottky barrier for electrons is further formed on the CdTe layer 3. If an a-Si: H film is formed by a CVD method or the like instead of the metal electrode 4, it can serve both as an electron blocking layer and as a charge storage layer.

【0011】本発明では、CdTe/CdSのヘテロ接
合構造を採用しているため、次のような利点がある。す
なわち、ヘテロ接合は、接合を形成する2つの物質の適
合性により、かなりその特性が支配されてしまう。とこ
ろが、CdSとCdTeは適合性が良く、接合を形成す
る場合、接合界面で混晶層を形成することにより、互い
の格子不整合を緩和し、欠陥の少ない非常に良好なヘテ
ロ接合を作ることができる。さらに、CdSをCdTe
の正孔阻止層として用いた場合、接合部の欠陥密度を低
く抑えることが出来るため、CdS側の電極から接合部
の欠陥を介して正孔がCdTe層に注入されることを阻
止することが出来る。さらに、CdSはCdTeよりも
融点が高く、熱に強いためCdTeの堆積温度に制約を
与えることはない。
Since the present invention employs a CdTe / CdS heterojunction structure, it has the following advantages. That is, the properties of the heterojunction are dominated by the compatibility of the two materials forming the junction. However, CdS and CdTe have good compatibility, and when forming a junction, a mixed crystal layer is formed at the junction interface to relax the lattice mismatch between them and form a very good heterojunction with few defects. You can Furthermore, CdS is replaced by CdTe
When it is used as a hole blocking layer, the defect density of the junction can be suppressed to a low level, so that holes can be prevented from being injected into the CdTe layer from the electrode on the CdS side through the defect of the junction. I can. Furthermore, since CdS has a higher melting point than CdTe and is strong against heat, it does not limit the deposition temperature of CdTe.

【0012】図3は一実施例に係る放射線検出素子の断
面構造を示している。この実施例では、ガラス基板51
上に設けられたCCD走査部61を備えている。このC
CD走査部61は例えばa−Si:Hで構成され、画素
ごとの検出信号を図示しないアンプに転送する役割を果
たしている。そして、このCCD走査部61上には、X
線検出部を備えている。ここで、電子阻止層用にはa−
Si:H層41が採用され、電荷蓄積層としての機能も
有している。この電荷蓄積作用は、CdTe層3が比較
的低抵抗のときはCdTe層3自身に蓄積作用がないこ
とを考慮したものである。なお、共通電極11は金属な
どで構成され、正の電圧が印加される。上記の実施例で
は、X線画像検出が可能になる。
FIG. 3 shows a sectional structure of a radiation detecting element according to an embodiment. In this embodiment, the glass substrate 51
A CCD scanning unit 61 provided above is provided. This C
The CD scanning unit 61 is composed of, for example, a-Si: H, and plays a role of transferring a detection signal for each pixel to an amplifier (not shown). Then, on the CCD scanning unit 61, X
A line detector is provided. Here, for the electron blocking layer, a-
The Si: H layer 41 is adopted and also has a function as a charge storage layer. This charge storage action takes into consideration that the CdTe layer 3 itself has no storage action when the CdTe layer 3 has a relatively low resistance. The common electrode 11 is made of metal or the like, and a positive voltage is applied. In the above embodiment, X-ray image detection is possible.

【0013】図4は別の実施例に係る放射線検出素子の
断面構造を示している。Be基板または表面に導電膜が
形成された基板1上には、CdS層2およびCdTe層
3が順次に堆積され、更に電子阻止層および電荷蓄積用
のa−Si:H層41が堆積されている。そして、a−
Si:H層41には複数の画素分離電極81が設けられ
ている。一方、支持基板7上にはTFT(薄膜トランジ
スタ)等からなる走査部61が設けられ、この上面に読
出電極82が設けられている。そして、画素分離電極8
1と読出電極82の間は接続ロッド83によりコンタク
トがとられている。
FIG. 4 shows a sectional structure of a radiation detecting element according to another embodiment. A CdS layer 2 and a CdTe layer 3 are sequentially deposited on a Be substrate or a substrate 1 having a conductive film formed on the surface thereof, and an electron blocking layer and an a-Si: H layer 41 for accumulating charges are further deposited. There is. And a-
The Si: H layer 41 is provided with a plurality of pixel separation electrodes 81. On the other hand, a scanning unit 61 composed of a TFT (thin film transistor) or the like is provided on the support substrate 7, and a read electrode 82 is provided on the upper surface thereof. Then, the pixel separation electrode 8
A connection rod 83 connects between 1 and the readout electrode 82.

【0014】上記実施例によれば、X線が入射されると
CdTe層3でキャリアが生成され、a−Si:H層4
1で蓄積される。そして、画素分離電極81、接続ロッ
ド83および読出電極82を介して、信号電荷は画素ご
とに走査部61により読み出される。したがって、X線
画像検出が可能になる。
According to the above embodiment, when X-rays are incident, carriers are generated in the CdTe layer 3 and the a-Si: H layer 4 is formed.
It is accumulated at 1. Then, the signal charge is read by the scanning unit 61 for each pixel via the pixel separation electrode 81, the connecting rod 83, and the readout electrode 82. Therefore, X-ray image detection becomes possible.

【0015】[0015]

【発明の効果】以上の通り、本発明によれば、放射線が
入射されるとCdTe層で電子/正孔対が生成する。こ
こで、CdTe層にヘテロ接合されたCdS層は正孔阻
止層であり、CdS層側がプラスとなるような直流バイ
アスが加えらている。したがって、CdTe層への外部
からの電子、正孔の注入は上記のCdS層と電子阻止層
により阻止され、一方で放射線による生成キャリアが検
出される。このため、画素ごとに検出信号を読み出す走
査部を付加することで、高解像で高感度のX線画像検出
が可能になる。また、CdTe/CdSヘテロ接合を採
用しているので、製造プロセス上の制約も低減させるこ
とが可能になる。
As described above, according to the present invention, electron / hole pairs are generated in the CdTe layer when radiation is incident. Here, the CdS layer heterojunctioned with the CdTe layer is a hole blocking layer, and a DC bias is applied so that the CdS layer side becomes positive. Therefore, the injection of electrons and holes from the outside into the CdTe layer is blocked by the CdS layer and the electron blocking layer, while the carriers generated by the radiation are detected. Therefore, by adding a scanning unit that reads out a detection signal for each pixel, it is possible to detect an X-ray image with high resolution and high sensitivity. Further, since the CdTe / CdS heterojunction is adopted, it is possible to reduce the restrictions on the manufacturing process.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明の基本構造に係る放射線検出素子の断面
図である。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a radiation detection element according to a basic structure of the present invention.

【図2】図1のバンド構造図である。FIG. 2 is a band structure diagram of FIG.

【図3】一実施例に係る放射線検出素子の断面図であ
る。
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a radiation detection element according to an example.

【図4】別の実施例に係る放射線検出素子の断面図であ
る。
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a radiation detection element according to another embodiment.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…基板、11…共通電極、2…CdS層、3…CdT
e層、4…金属電極、41…a−Si:H層、61…C
CD走査部、81…画素分離電極、82…読出電極、8
3…接続ロッド
1 ... Substrate, 11 ... Common electrode, 2 ... CdS layer, 3 ... CdT
e layer, 4 ... Metal electrode, 41 ... a-Si: H layer, 61 ... C
CD scanning unit, 81 ... Pixel separation electrode, 82 ... Readout electrode, 8
3 ... Connecting rod

フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 FI 技術表示箇所 H01L 31/10 8422−4M H01L 31/10 A (72)発明者 畑中 義式 静岡県浜松市城北3丁目5番1号 静岡大 学電子工学研究所内Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification number Office reference number FI technical display location H01L 31/10 8422-4M H01L 31/10 A (72) Inventor Yoshinori Hatanaka 3-5 Johoku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture No. 1 Shizuoka University Institute of Electronics Engineering

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 CdTeからなる放射線感応層と、この
放射線感応層にヘテロ接合されたCdSからなる正孔阻
止層と、この正孔阻止層との間で前記放射線感応層を挟
むように当該放射線感応層上に設けられた電子阻止層と
を備えることを特徴とする放射線検出素子。
1. A radiation sensitive layer made of CdTe, a hole blocking layer made of CdS heterojunction to the radiation sensitive layer, and the radiation sensitive layer sandwiching the radiation sensitive layer between the hole blocking layer. A radiation detection element, comprising: an electron blocking layer provided on a sensitive layer.
【請求項2】 前記電子阻止層が電荷蓄積作用を有して
なる請求項1記載の放射線検出素子。
2. The radiation detecting element according to claim 1, wherein the electron blocking layer has a charge storage function.
JP3335071A 1991-12-18 1991-12-18 Radiation sensor Pending JPH05167057A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3335071A JPH05167057A (en) 1991-12-18 1991-12-18 Radiation sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3335071A JPH05167057A (en) 1991-12-18 1991-12-18 Radiation sensor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH05167057A true JPH05167057A (en) 1993-07-02

Family

ID=18284442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3335071A Pending JPH05167057A (en) 1991-12-18 1991-12-18 Radiation sensor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH05167057A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2738080A1 (en) * 1995-08-24 1997-02-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED X-RAY DETECTION DEVICE
JP2000138393A (en) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-16 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Radiation detector
FR2926001A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique DEVICE FOR DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH ISOTROPIC TRANSFER LAYER

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53113488A (en) * 1977-03-15 1978-10-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Photo conductive element
JPS6220380A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-28 Shizuoka Univ Photoelectric conversion device using amorphous silicon

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53113488A (en) * 1977-03-15 1978-10-03 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Photo conductive element
JPS6220380A (en) * 1985-07-19 1987-01-28 Shizuoka Univ Photoelectric conversion device using amorphous silicon

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2738080A1 (en) * 1995-08-24 1997-02-28 Commissariat Energie Atomique SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED X-RAY DETECTION DEVICE
WO1997008758A1 (en) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-06 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Semiconductor x ray detector
JP2000138393A (en) * 1998-11-04 2000-05-16 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk Radiation detector
FR2926001A1 (en) * 2007-12-31 2009-07-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique DEVICE FOR DETECTING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION WITH ISOTROPIC TRANSFER LAYER
US7825385B2 (en) 2007-12-31 2010-11-02 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Device for detecting electromagnetic radiation and ionizing radiation having an isotropic transfer layer

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