JPH05146703A - Crusher for spent house appliances - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To recycle the structural members of spent house appliances and to make them harmless by crushing, disintegrating and separating the house appliances to make them easy to recover. CONSTITUTION:The spent house appliances are coarsely crushed to about 150mm square by a crusher 2. The plastics adhered to metal or the intertwined metals are separated by an impact crushed 3, the dispersed pieces of urethane are flash-classified, the remaining members are finely crushed to about 50mm square, each structural members is made easy to disperse, and the materials are sent to the succeeding stages.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention In the treatment of waste home electric appliances, the present invention separates the constituent materials of the waste home electric appliances according to the constituent materials, crushes them so as to be convenient for the subsequent treatment, and disperses each component and measures the size. Regarding technology to reduce and align.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, waste electric home appliances are simply compressed to reduce the size of each member to reduce the space volume occupied by the home electric appliances and save the space required for landfill. It was In addition, in some cases, iron pieces etc. are collected by a magnetic separator, etc.
In some cases, the above space savings and resource recovery are being measured.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned treatment method of simply crushing and reducing the space volume to bury it, various metals (iron / aluminum / copper / stainless steel) contained in waste home electric appliances are used. Steel, plastics (PE / P)
VC, ABS, PP, PS, etc.), glass, wood, oils, etc., recyclable resources are discarded without being collected, or harmful substances partially contained in foamed plastic (eg, CFCs) There was a problem that was discharged.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention, in the crushing of waste home electric appliances, means for roughly crushing the waste home electric appliances, means for impact crushing the member coarsely crushed by the coarse crushing means, and the coarse crushing. Means for moving the roughly crushed member between the means and the means for impact crushing, means for finely crushing the member crushed by the impact crushing means, means for crushing the impact and means for finely crushing In between, a means for moving the shock-crushed member is provided, and further, an air flow selection means for selecting the foamed synthetic resin shock-crushed by the shock-crushing means by an air flow. It is characterized by having.

[0005]

[Function] First, for waste home appliances, the cutter width is 50 to 200 mm.
Coarse crushing (coarse cutting) is performed by a coarse crusher in which disks each having 4 to 8 blades are alternately mounted. Here, the original shape of each member is destroyed and crushed to about 100 to 300 mm. However, since the metals and plastics are still partially bonded, the partially bonded metal and plastics are then completely separated from each other by an impact crusher or the like. By separating metal and plastics, it is possible to separate the urethane foam for heat insulation of the refrigerator, which has the largest volume per weight, among the constituents of the waste home electric appliances by airflow sorting.
Many of these urethane foams use Freon 11 as a foaming agent, and it has been pointed out that the cause of ozone layer depletion in recent years has been pointed out. In the present invention, an air flow sorter can be used to recover harmless substances in a later step. It is a thing. Further, the reason why the crushing is limited to the coarse crushing is that the urethane foam is crushed to suppress the promotion of the release of the flon 11, and the restriction of the crushing capacity (depending on the volume) can be avoided. Is. It is desirable that the size of 150 to 200 mm square is such that the emission of CFCs can be suppressed to the minimum and the air flow can be selected. After removing the urethane foam by airflow sorting,
The coarsely crushed pieces still have a size of 100 to 300 mm, which is too large for the subsequent selection of metals and plastics.
In addition, there is a possibility that the entanglement between the metals partially exists and the selection efficiency is lowered. For this reason, a fine crushing (cutting) machine is installed at the end to crush metal and plastics into 20 to 80 mm square, and glass is further crushed into minute pieces. Considering the treatment after collection, the desirable size is about 50 mm square. By the above-mentioned treatment, the urethane foam is conveyed to the step of collecting and detoxifying the flon 11, and the other components (metals, plastics, wood chips, etc.) are crushed and conveyed to a size convenient for the subsequent selection.

[0006]

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The household electric appliances thrown into this equipment pass through the chute 1 and reach the coarse crusher 2. The coarse crusher 2 has two shafts each with a width of 15
Disks with a 0 mm cutter are alternately mounted, and the tip of the cutter blade is 0.1 to 0.1 mm apart from the surface of the opposing shaft.
Keep the gap of 0.5 mm and cut the bitten product.
The gap between the opposing cutter blades is also 0.1
The cutting function is maintained at about 0.5 mm. Further, eight cutter blades are mounted on the circumference of the disk having a diameter of 500 mm, and the cutting length is defined by the mounting interval of the blades on the circumference of the disk. In this case, the cut piece has a size of about 300 mm, and the cut piece has a size of about 150 mm width × about 300 mm length, which is suitable for breaking and separating the general waste home electric appliances. The roughly crushed member is a chute a7 after the crusher 2.
And reaches the impact crusher 3. Impact crusher 3 has a diameter of 1
It has a hammer in which 6 to 16 pieces are attached by hinges on the circumference of a disk of 000 mm and width of 1500 mm, and when the disk rotates, the hammer gives an impact force to the roughly crushed member. At this point, the roughly crushed member has metal, plastics, and heat-insulating urethane foam material that stick to each other. Therefore, a suitable impact force is applied by the impact crusher 3 to separate the heat-insulating urethane foam material. Let A peripheral speed of 5 to 20 m / s generates an appropriate impact force, but in this embodiment, the peripheral speed is set to 10 m / s. The product that has passed through the impact crusher 3 passes through the chute b8 and reaches the airflow sorter 4. The air flow sorter 4 discharges urethane foam from the duct 11 by the air flow introduced from the lower air inflow port 9 (generally, there are many equipment openings and not essential). Foamed urethane has a very small apparent specific gravity of about 0.02 and is relatively easy to separate. The wind speed at this time was set to 10 m / s for separation. The remaining members pass through the air flow sorter 4 and reach the shredder 5. The fine crusher 5 is for crushing a product having a width of 50 to 150 mm and a length of about 300 mm to a size of 20 to 80 mm square, and the basic structure is the same as the coarse crusher 2 and two discs with a cutter are alternately arranged on the two shafts. The disk size is about 30 to 60 mm and the cutter blade spacing is about 1
It is set to about 00 mm. In the present example, the disc size was 40 mm wide, and the disc was shredded with a disc having a diameter of 400 mm having 16 cutters mounted on the circumference, and shredded to an average size of about 50 mm square. Although it is downsized overall, it retains sufficient processing capacity after the urethane foam material that has a large effect on the processing capacity is removed. The finely crushed discharge 12 passes through the chute c10 and is carried out to the next step by the conveyor 6. The components of the effluent 12 have the urethane foam, which occupies a larger volume than the raw material, removed, and have an average size of about 50 mm square, and have an appropriate shape for sorting and separating in the subsequent steps. In addition, although the chute 1 is used in the charging unit in this embodiment, a hopper may be used,
Although the chutes 7, 8 and 10 were used to connect the respective devices, means for moving the members, such as a belt conveyor,
It goes without saying that even a case conveyor or the like plays a sufficient role. Furthermore, when a sieve type sorter equipped with a screen having an opening of 25 to 100 mm is installed between the air flow sorter and the fine crusher 5, the members passing through the screen are
If it is conveyed to the next sorting step as it is and only the remaining members are passed through the shredder 5, the load on the shredder 5 can be reduced, and excessive shattering in which glass fragments and the like are miniaturized can be prevented. Further, the fine crusher 5 can be omitted by returning the member that has passed through the screen to the coarse crusher 2.

[0007]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the constituent members of the waste home electric appliances are shredded, which makes it easy to sort and separate them in the post-treatment, and the foamed urethane containing chlorofluorocarbon gas is released into the minimum chlorofluorocarbon gas without being shredded. It can be discharged to the detoxification process to protect the global environment, and other effective components can be easily collected and reused.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Receiving chute 2 Coarse crusher 3 Impact crusher 4 Air stream sorter 5 Fine crusher 6 Carry-out conveyor 7 Discharge chute a 8 Discharge chute b 9 Air inlet 10 Discharge chute c 11 Duct 12 Discharge

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Tsutomu Hasegawa 1-8-40 East Niiza-shi, Saitama Vueldomir Niiza 304 (72) Inventor Masakatsu Hayashi 1-129 Tamiyacho, Ushiku-shi, Ibaraki (72) Invention Toshiaki Misaka 51-114 Masuo, Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture (72) Inventor Masaki Sato 3-33-10 Gontasaka, Hodogaya Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture Bab Kotsk Hitachi Hodogaya Apartment B-33

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. When crushing a waste home electric appliance, there are provided means for roughly crushing the waste home electric appliance, means for impact crushing a member coarsely crushed by the coarse crushing means, and means for coarsely crushing the impact crushing means. Between the means for moving the roughly crushed member, the means for crushing the member crushed by the impact crushing means, and the means for crushing the impact between the means for crushing the impact and the crushing means A device for crushing and crushing waste home electric appliances, comprising: 2. The crushing device for waste home electric appliances according to claim 1, further comprising an air flow selecting means for selecting, with an air flow, the foamed synthetic resin that has been shock crushed by the shock crushing means.