JPH05145998A - Condenser microphone - Google Patents
Condenser microphoneInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05145998A JPH05145998A JP30437191A JP30437191A JPH05145998A JP H05145998 A JPH05145998 A JP H05145998A JP 30437191 A JP30437191 A JP 30437191A JP 30437191 A JP30437191 A JP 30437191A JP H05145998 A JPH05145998 A JP H05145998A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- vibrating membrane
- electrode plate
- back electrode
- elastic body
- condenser microphone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
- H04R1/2869—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself
- H04R1/2884—Reduction of undesired resonances, i.e. standing waves within enclosure, or of undesired vibrations, i.e. of the enclosure itself by means of the enclosure structure, i.e. strengthening or shape of the enclosure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/04—Microphones
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、振動膜と背極板とを互
いに近接して備え、音による振動膜の振動を振動膜と背
極板との間のコンデンサ容量変化として捉えるコンデン
サマイクロフォンに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a condenser microphone provided with a vibrating membrane and a back electrode plate in close proximity to each other to detect vibration of the vibrating membrane due to sound as a change in capacitor capacitance between the vibrating film and the back electrode plate. ..
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】音声を振動膜の機械的な振動に変換し、
この振動を背極板との間のコンデンサ容量の変化として
捉えることにより音声を電気信号としてピックアップす
るコンデンサマイクロフォンが多用されている。このコ
ンデンサマイクロフォンの特性は、例えば２５０Ｈｚ等
低周波域内の特定の周波数における音圧に対する出力電
圧（ｍＶ／Ｐａ）で表される感度、および周波数変化に
対する感度分布（周波数特性）とで定められる。2. Description of the Related Art Converting voice into mechanical vibration of a vibrating membrane,
Capacitor microphones that pick up voice as electric signals are often used by capturing this vibration as a change in the capacitance between the back plate and the back plate. The characteristic of the condenser microphone is defined by the sensitivity represented by the output voltage (mV / Pa) with respect to the sound pressure at a specific frequency in a low frequency range such as 250 Hz, and the sensitivity distribution (frequency characteristic) with respect to the frequency change.
【０００３】この感度および周波数特性を定める主な要
素としては、振動膜の材質やその張り具合（テンショ
ン）、振動膜と背極板との間の距離（例えば１８μｍ〜
２５μｍ）、振動膜と背極板との間の薄流体層（薄い空
気層）の粘性抵抗を調整するために背極板に設けられた
孔の位置や大きさ等がある。これらのうち、通常、振動
膜の材質、振動膜と背極板との間の距離、および背極板
に設けられる孔の位置や大きさは設計段階で定められる
ため、組立時においては振動膜のテンションを調整する
ことによりその感度および周波数特性が調整されてい
る。The main factors that determine the sensitivity and frequency characteristics are the material of the vibrating membrane, the tension of the vibrating membrane, the distance between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate (for example, 18 μm to
25 μm), the position and size of the holes provided in the back electrode plate for adjusting the viscous resistance of the thin fluid layer (thin air layer) between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate. Of these, the material of the vibrating membrane, the distance between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate, and the position and size of the holes provided in the back electrode plate are usually determined at the design stage. The sensitivity and frequency characteristics are adjusted by adjusting the tension of the.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ここで振動膜のテンシ
ョンを調整すると感度と周波数特性の双方が変化する
が、この双方を振動膜のテンションのみで調整している
ため感度と周波数特性の双方を目標値に調整することが
できないという問題があり、計測用のコンデンサマイク
ロフォン等においては、通常は周波数特性を目標値に合
うように調整し、感度についてはそのコンデンサマイク
ロフォン毎に測定されたデータシートを添付し、ユーザ
側ではそのコンデンサマイクロフォンを用いて得られた
測定データをそのデータシートを参照して補正する作業
が行なわれている。When the tension of the vibrating membrane is adjusted here, both the sensitivity and the frequency characteristic change, but since both are adjusted only by the tension of the vibrating membrane, both the sensitivity and the frequency characteristic are changed. There is a problem that it is not possible to adjust to the target value.For a condenser microphone for measurement, etc., normally adjust the frequency characteristic to match the target value, and for sensitivity, refer to the data sheet measured for each condenser microphone. Attached, the user side corrects the measurement data obtained by using the condenser microphone with reference to the data sheet.
【０００５】また、組立時に振動膜のテンションの調整
を可能とするために、一般的には振動膜をリングに固定
し、そのリングをマイクロフォン本体の円筒にねじ込む
ことにより振動膜がマイクロフォン本体にセットされ、
そのねじ込み量によりそのテンションを調整するように
構成されるが、振動膜と背極板との間の距離は前述した
ように例えば１８〜２５μｍ程度であって非常に接近し
て配置されているため、リングのねじ込みのためのねじ
に僅かでもガタつきがあると感度や周波数特性が大きく
変化し、このため非常に精度の高い加工が要求され、ま
たこの僅かなガタつきのために周波数特性を目標に合う
ように調整した場合の感度のばらつきの一層の増大化を
招いていた。In order to adjust the tension of the vibrating membrane at the time of assembly, the vibrating membrane is generally fixed to a ring, and the ring is screwed into the cylinder of the microphone body to set the diaphragm on the microphone body. Was
Although the tension is adjusted by the screwing amount, the distance between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate is, for example, about 18 to 25 μm as described above, and they are arranged very close to each other. However, if there is some rattling in the screw for screwing in the ring, the sensitivity and frequency characteristics will change significantly, so very precise machining is required, and the frequency characteristic is targeted for this slight rattling. This has led to a further increase in the variation in sensitivity when adjusted to match.
【０００６】本発明は、上記事情に鑑み、組立時に、周
波数特性を感度とは独立に所望とする特性に容易に合わ
せ込むことのできるコンデンサマイクロフォンを提供す
ることを目的とする。In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a condenser microphone capable of easily adjusting a frequency characteristic to a desired characteristic independently of sensitivity during assembly.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、本発明のコンデンサマイクロフォンは、筒体と、該
筒体の端部に設けられた、音により振動する振動膜と、
前記筒体内の、該振動膜に対向した位置に配置された、
複数の孔を有する背極板とを備えたコンデンサマイクロ
フォンにおいて、前記背極板を挟んだ前記振動膜の反対
側に配置された、前記孔と連通する開口が設けられた弾
性体と、該弾性体を挟み前記背極板に対向した位置に設
けられた、前記背極板との間に前記弾性体を挟持して該
弾性体を変形させることにより前記開口の大きさを変化
させる弾性体支持部材とを備えたことを特徴とするもの
である。In order to achieve the above object, a condenser microphone according to the present invention comprises a cylindrical body, and a vibrating film provided at an end of the cylindrical body and vibrated by sound.
Disposed in a position facing the vibrating membrane in the cylindrical body,
In a condenser microphone including a back electrode plate having a plurality of holes, an elastic body provided on the opposite side of the vibrating membrane sandwiching the back electrode plate and having an opening communicating with the hole, and the elastic body. An elastic body support which is provided at a position opposed to the back electrode plate with the body sandwiched, and which changes the size of the opening by sandwiching the elastic body with the back electrode plate and deforming the elastic body. And a member.
【０００８】[0008]
【作用】振動膜のテンションを変化させると感度と周波
数特性との双方が変化し、振動膜と背極板との間の空気
層の粘性抵抗を変化させると周波数特性が変化する。本
発明のコンデンサマイクロフォンでは、背極板に設けら
れた孔と連通する開口が設けられた弾性体を、弾性体支
持部材によって背極板と弾性体支持部材との間で変形さ
せることができるため、上記開口の大きさを変化させる
ことができる。When the tension of the vibrating membrane is changed, both the sensitivity and the frequency characteristic are changed, and when the viscous resistance of the air layer between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate is changed, the frequency characteristic is changed. In the condenser microphone of the present invention, the elastic body provided with the opening communicating with the hole provided in the back electrode plate can be deformed between the back electrode plate and the elastic body supporting member by the elastic body supporting member. The size of the opening can be changed.
【０００９】この開口の大きさを変化させると振動膜が
振動した際に振動膜と背極板との間の空気層への空気の
出入りのし易さが変化し、したがって振動膜の振動のダ
ンピング量が変化し、これにより周波数特性が変化す
る。そこで、例えば従来と同様にして振動膜のテンショ
ンを調整することにより、従来の周波数特性の調整に代
えて感度を所望とする値（例えば５０ｍＶ／Ｐａ）に調
整し、その後弾性体支持部材により弾性体の変形量を調
整することによりダンピング量、即ち周波数特性を調整
する。これにより感度が所望とする値に調整されるとと
もにこの感度とは独立に周波数特性を所望とする特性に
合わせ込むことができる。When the size of the opening is changed, when the vibrating membrane vibrates, the easiness of air in and out of the air layer between the vibrating membrane and the back electrode plate changes, so that the vibration of the vibrating membrane changes. The damping amount changes, which changes the frequency characteristic. Therefore, for example, by adjusting the tension of the vibrating membrane in the same manner as the conventional method, the sensitivity is adjusted to a desired value (for example, 50 mV / Pa) instead of the conventional adjustment of the frequency characteristic, and then the elastic body supporting member is used to adjust By adjusting the deformation amount of the body, the damping amount, that is, the frequency characteristic is adjusted. As a result, the sensitivity can be adjusted to a desired value, and the frequency characteristic can be adjusted to the desired characteristic independently of this sensitivity.
【００１０】[0010]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を示す添付図面を参照
しながら、本発明をより詳しく説明する。図１は本発明
の一実施例に係るコンデンサマイクロフォンの概略を示
す断面図である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings showing the embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the outline of a condenser microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【００１１】本実施例に係るコンデンサマイクロフォン
１０は、筒体１２を有し、その端部には筒体１２と螺合
するリング部材３４に固定された音により振動する振動
膜１４が設けられている。振動膜１４は、厚さ約３〜６
μｍであり、例えば、Ｎｉ箔、あるいは樹脂の表面にＮ
ｉやＴｉなどの金属薄膜をコーティングして形成され
る。振動膜１４の上には、この振動膜１４の保護のため
のキャップ１９が被せられる。The condenser microphone 10 according to the present embodiment has a cylindrical body 12, and a vibration film 14 vibrated by a sound fixed to a ring member 34 screwed with the cylindrical body 12 is provided at an end portion thereof. There is. The vibrating membrane 14 has a thickness of about 3 to 6
μm, for example, Ni foil or N on the surface of resin
It is formed by coating a metal thin film such as i or Ti. The vibrating membrane 14 is covered with a cap 19 for protecting the vibrating membrane 14.
【００１２】筒体１２内の、振動膜１４に対向した位置
には背極板１６が配置されている。背極板１６には複数
の孔１８が設けられている。これらの孔１８は、振動膜
１４の動き易さに比べ振動膜１４と背極板１６とに挟ま
れた空間２０内の空気層は動きにくいため、空気を流れ
易くするために形成されており、この空気の流れ易さの
程度がこのコンデンサマイクロフォン１０の周波数特性
に関連する。背極板１６は、絶縁体２２を介して筒体１
２に固定されている。振動膜１４と背極板１６との距離
は例えば１８〜２５μｍ程度である。A back electrode plate 16 is disposed in the cylindrical body 12 at a position facing the vibrating membrane 14. The back electrode plate 16 is provided with a plurality of holes 18. These holes 18 are formed to facilitate the flow of air because the air layer in the space 20 sandwiched between the vibrating membrane 14 and the back electrode plate 16 is hard to move as compared with the ease of movement of the vibrating membrane 14. The degree of ease of air flow is related to the frequency characteristic of the condenser microphone 10. The back electrode plate 16 is a cylindrical body 1 via an insulator 22.
It is fixed at 2. The distance between the vibrating membrane 14 and the back electrode plate 16 is, for example, about 18 to 25 μm.
【００１３】背極板１６の下面には開口２４が設けられ
たゴム２６などの弾性体が配置されている。ゴム２６
は、後述する弾性体支持部材２８の上下方向への移動に
より変形するため、この変形に伴って開口２４の大きさ
が変化する。開口２４は孔１８と連通しており、したが
って振動膜１４と背極板１６との間隔２０内の空気層
は、孔１８と開口２４を通って移動することができる。An elastic body such as rubber 26 having an opening 24 is disposed on the lower surface of the back electrode plate 16. Rubber 26
Is deformed by the vertical movement of the elastic body support member 28 described later, and the size of the opening 24 changes accordingly. The opening 24 is in communication with the hole 18, so that the air layer in the space 20 between the vibrating membrane 14 and the back plate 16 can move through the hole 18 and the opening 24.
【００１４】ゴム２６の下部には、ゴム２６を背極板１
６との間で挟持するために、弾性体支持部材２８が設け
られており、この弾性体支持部材２８の外周部は筒体１
２の内面に螺合されている。弾性体支持部材２８の上下
方向への移動は、ピン穴３０にピン（図示せず）を挿入
し、弾性体支持部材２８を回転させることにより行なわ
れる。Below the rubber 26, the rubber 26 is attached to the back electrode plate 1.
An elastic body support member 28 is provided for sandwiching the elastic body support member 28 with the elastic body support member 28.
It is screwed to the inner surface of 2. The vertical movement of the elastic body support member 28 is performed by inserting a pin (not shown) into the pin hole 30 and rotating the elastic body support member 28.
【００１５】また、電気端子３２はアンプのピン（図示
せず）に接触しており、このコンデンサマイクロフォン
１０でピックアップされた音声が電気信号として外部に
伝達される。次に、本実施例のコンデンサマイクロフォ
ン１０の組立時における感度および周波数特性の調整方
法について説明する。The electric terminal 32 is in contact with the pin (not shown) of the amplifier, and the sound picked up by the condenser microphone 10 is transmitted to the outside as an electric signal. Next, a method of adjusting sensitivity and frequency characteristics when assembling the condenser microphone 10 of the present embodiment will be described.
【００１６】リング部材３４を筒体１２に螺合させると
振動膜１４の周辺部が筒体１２に設けられたリング状の
突起１２ａと当接し、さらにリング部材３４を筒体１２
にねじ込むことにより振動膜１４と背極板１６との間の
距離を一定に保ったまま振動膜のテンションが変化する
ことになる。そこで、リング部材３４の筒体１２へのね
じ込み量を調整し、これによりこのコンデンサマイクロ
フォンの感度を所望とする値に調整する。このとき周波
数特性は所望とする特性になるとは限らない。When the ring member 34 is screwed into the cylindrical body 12, the peripheral portion of the vibrating membrane 14 contacts the ring-shaped projection 12a provided on the cylindrical body 12, and the ring member 34 is further fixed.
The tension of the vibrating film changes while the distance between the vibrating film 14 and the back electrode plate 16 is kept constant by screwing into. Therefore, the screwing amount of the ring member 34 into the cylindrical body 12 is adjusted, and thereby the sensitivity of the condenser microphone is adjusted to a desired value. At this time, the frequency characteristic does not always become a desired characteristic.
【００１７】その後、弾性体支持部材２８を回転させ
る。この弾性体支持部材２８を回転させると、開口２４
の大きさが変化し、これにより間隙２０の空気層の粘性
抵抗が変化して振動膜の振動のダンピング量が変化し、
したがって周波数特性が変化する。このようにして弾性
体支持部材２８を回転させることにより周波数特性が所
望とする特性になるように調整する。After that, the elastic support member 28 is rotated. When this elastic body support member 28 is rotated, the opening 24
Changes, the viscous resistance of the air layer in the gap 20 changes, and the damping amount of the vibration of the vibrating membrane changes.
Therefore, the frequency characteristic changes. In this way, by rotating the elastic body supporting member 28, the frequency characteristic is adjusted to have a desired characteristic.
【００１８】このようにしてコンデンサマイクロフォン
１０の感度と周波数特性が互いに独立に所望とする値、
特性となるように調整される。In this way, the sensitivity and frequency characteristics of the condenser microphone 10 are independently set to desired values,
It is adjusted to the characteristics.
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明のコンデン
サマイクロフォンは、弾性体を備えこの弾性体の変形量
を調整する構成としたため感度とは独立に周波数特性が
調整され、感度と周波数特性との双方を所望とする値、
特性に容易に合わせ込むことができる。As described above, since the condenser microphone of the present invention is provided with the elastic body and the amount of deformation of the elastic body is adjusted, the frequency characteristic is adjusted independently of the sensitivity, and the sensitivity and the frequency characteristic are adjusted. The desired value for both
It can be easily adapted to the characteristics.
【図１】本発明の一実施例に係るコンデンサマイクロフ
ォンの概略を示す断面図である。FIG. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a condenser microphone according to an embodiment of the present invention.
１０ コンデンサマイクロフォン １２ 筒体 １４ 振動膜 １６ 背極板 １８ 孔 ２４ 開口 ２６ ゴム ２８ 弾性体支持部材 10 Condenser Microphone 12 Cylindrical Body 14 Vibrating Membrane 16 Back Electrode Plate 18 Hole 24 Opening 26 Rubber 28 Elastic Supporting Member
Claims (1)
により振動する振動膜と、前記筒体内の、該振動膜に対
向した位置に配置された、複数の孔を有する背極板とを
備えたコンデンサマイクロフォンにおいて、 前記背極板を挟んだ前記振動膜の反対側に配置された、
前記孔と連通する開口が設けられた弾性体と、 該弾性体を挟み前記背極板に対向した位置に設けられ
た、前記背極板との間に前記弾性体を挟持して該弾性体
を変形させることにより前記開口の大きさを変化させる
弾性体支持部材とを備えたことを特徴とするコンデンサ
マイクロフォン。1. A cylindrical body, a vibrating membrane vibrated by sound provided at an end portion of the cylindrical body, and a plurality of holes arranged in a position facing the vibrating membrane in the cylindrical body. In a condenser microphone provided with a back electrode plate, arranged on the opposite side of the vibrating membrane sandwiching the back electrode plate,
The elastic body is sandwiched between an elastic body having an opening communicating with the hole and the back electrode plate provided at a position facing the back electrode plate with the elastic body interposed therebetween. A condenser microphone, comprising: an elastic body supporting member that changes the size of the opening by deforming the opening.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3304371A JP2957329B2 (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Condenser microphone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3304371A JP2957329B2 (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Condenser microphone |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05145998A true JPH05145998A (en) | 1993-06-11 |
| JP2957329B2 JP2957329B2 (en) | 1999-10-04 |
Family
ID=17932220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3304371A Expired - Fee Related JP2957329B2 (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Condenser microphone |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2957329B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009138136A1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | Acoustic-electric transducer with adjustable air gap, electronic device, method & computer program product |
| JP2012222773A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-11-12 | Audio Technica Corp | Capacitor microphone unit and capacitor microphone |
| JP2015073203A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-16 | 株式会社オーディオテクニカ | Electrostatic electroacoustic transducer and manufacturing method therefor |
-
1991
- 1991-11-20 JP JP3304371A patent/JP2957329B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009138136A1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-19 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | Acoustic-electric transducer with adjustable air gap, electronic device, method & computer program product |
| US8081782B2 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2011-12-20 | Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications Ab | Acoustic-electric transducer, electronic device, method, and computer program product |
| JP2012222773A (en) * | 2011-04-14 | 2012-11-12 | Audio Technica Corp | Capacitor microphone unit and capacitor microphone |
| US8867772B2 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2014-10-21 | Kabushiki Kaisha Audio-Technica | Condenser microphone unit and condenser microphone |
| JP2015073203A (en) * | 2013-10-03 | 2015-04-16 | 株式会社オーディオテクニカ | Electrostatic electroacoustic transducer and manufacturing method therefor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2957329B2 (en) | 1999-10-04 |
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