JPH05111808A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a machine tool whose working efficiency and workability is high and whose working modes are diversified. CONSTITUTION:A temporarily holding chuck 122 moves only on the rotational axial line of a main spindle 56, and receives a machined work from a main spindle chuck 54 or delivers a work to be machined to the main spindle 54. The work holding posture of the main spindle chuck 54 is changed according to whether a work carrying robot 18 delivers the work to the main spindle chuck 54 or to the temporarily holding chuck 122, enabling improvement of the diversification of the working modes and improvement of the degree of freedom in the design. By holding the work to the temporarily holding chuck when the reference surface of the main spindle 54 is cleaned, it becomes unnecessary for the work carrying robot 18 to wait until the cleaning is completed, and only one time opening/closing of a door to partition between a spindle stock 52 and the work carrying robot 18 is enough during the time after an unmachined work is supplied and before a machined work is received, leading to improvement of the worling efficiency.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to improvement of machining efficiency and diversification of machining modes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art There are various types of machine tools such as lathes, drilling machines, boring machines and grinding machines. In these machine tools, a workpiece to be machined or a workpiece such as a machining tool for machining is held by a chuck of a spindle and is rotated around a rotation axis of the spindle for machining. The object to be held is received by being held by the spindle chuck by an operator or a transfer device.

[0003]

However, in the past, there was a problem that the working efficiency was poor and the working mode was limited. For example, if the spindle is the spindle of a lathe that holds and rotates a workpiece, after machining is completed, the workpiece is removed from the spindle chuck to clean the reference surface and remove machining scraps, but the worker delivers the workpiece. When doing, the work is troublesome because the work is hot immediately after machining without cutting fluid, and the work is not hot when cutting fluid is used,
Since a large amount of cutting fluid is attached, it is also troublesome to handle. Also, when the transfer device delivers the work,
The work can be received immediately after processing, but it is time consuming because it is necessary to wait until the next work is supplied until cleaning is completed. Furthermore, when the carrier is used, the holding posture of the held object is determined to one type, and if the held object is a work, processing can be performed only on one place of the work. Further, the configuration of the object-to-be-held supplying device and the conveying device is limited to the structure in which the object to be held is held by the chuck of the spindle in a predetermined posture, the degree of freedom in designing the device is low, and the configuration of the machining system including the machine tool There is also a problem that the degree of freedom of is low. It is an object of the invention of claim 1 to provide a machine tool having high machining efficiency and capable of machining in various modes. In addition to the object of the invention of claim 1, an object of the invention of claim 2 is to provide a machine tool for automatically carrying a held object. The invention of claim 3 has been made in addition to the object of the invention of claim 1 to provide a machine tool excellent in working environment.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a machine tool according to a first aspect of the present invention is provided with (a) a base and (b) a base provided with a spindle chuck at its tip. A headstock that rotatably supports the main spindle, and (c)
A holding device that has a temporary holding chuck concentrically opposed to the main spindle chuck and is provided on the base so as to be movable only in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the main spindle chuck, and transfers the held object with the main spindle chuck. The summary is to include.
A machine tool according to a second aspect of the present invention further includes (d) a conveying device that conveys an object to be held and can also deliver the object to be held between any of a spindle chuck and a temporary holding chuck. Is the gist.
A machine tool according to the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that the headstock and the holding device are provided in a housing having a door that can be opened and closed.

[0005]

In the machine tool according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the object to be held is supplied to the headstock, it is held directly on the spindle chuck, or once held on the temporary holding chuck and then held on the spindle chuck. In addition, when receiving an object to be held from the headstock, it can be directly received from the spindle chuck, or once held by the temporary holding chuck and then received from the temporary holding chuck. By combining the orders, it is possible to improve the processing efficiency and diversify the processing modes.
In the machine tool according to the second aspect of the present invention, the object to be held is transferred and the object to be held is delivered to the spindle chuck and the temporary holding chuck automatically by the transfer device.
In the machine tool according to the invention of claim 3, work is performed by a device provided in the housing such as machining of a workpiece, delivery of an object to be held between a spindle chuck and a temporary holding chuck, cleaning of a reference surface of the spindle chuck, and the like. The door is closed when the work is performed, and the door is opened when work is performed from outside the housing such as replacement of the held object, cleaning of the headstock, and inspection.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the processing efficiency, diversify the processing modes, and improve the degree of freedom in designing the device. For example, when holding the work on the spindle chuck, when cleaning the reference surface of the spindle chuck after finishing the machining, by holding the processed work on the temporary holding chuck, it is possible to immediately perform cleaning. In the meantime, the worker and the transfer device can perform another work or operation, such as receiving a work to be processed next, thereby improving work efficiency. Further, when supplying the object to be held, the holding posture of the object to be held in the spindle chuck can be reversed by first passing the object to be held to the main shaft chuck or the temporary holding chuck. Therefore, if the object to be held is a work, it is possible to process two different positions of the work with one headstock. In addition, since the spindle chuck does not limit the holding posture of the held object to one type, it is not necessary to configure the held object supply device so that the held object is supplied so as to be held by the spindle chuck in a predetermined posture. Further, similarly, the configuration of the device for transporting the held object is not limited, and the degree of freedom in designing each device is increased and the degree of freedom in the configuration of the processing system including the machine tool is increased. Further, the holding device is a device that moves only in a direction parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft, and has a simple structure and can be inexpensively structured. According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described effects, since the object to be held is transferred and conveyed automatically by the conveying device, it is possible to save labor and shorten the working time. According to the invention of claim 3, the door is closed when the device provided in the housing is operated, for example, during machining or cleaning of the reference surface of the spindle chuck, so that noise is reduced and machining waste, coolant, etc. are reduced. Will affect the worker,
It will not scatter on the floor, and the effect of improving the working environment can be obtained. Also, since the work is removed by the holding device inside the housing for cleaning the spindle chuck, there is no need to open the door.When opening the door to remove the work and closing the door for cleaning as in the past Compared with, it requires less opening and closing of the door.

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A case where the present invention is applied to a lathe will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the main lathe is provided in the housing 10. The housing 10 has a box shape, and the inside of the housing 10 is divided into two parts by a partition wall 14 provided upright on the edge of the base 12 as shown in FIG. 16 and the other is a transfer chamber 20 in which the work is transferred by the work transfer robot 18. "Housing" of claim 3 of the claims
Indicates a portion of the housing 10 that defines the processing chamber 16.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a door 24 and an operation panel 26 are attached to the front wall 22 which constitutes the transfer chamber 20 together with the partition wall 14 of the housing 10.
Further, the pair of side walls 30 (only one of which is shown in the drawing) forming the transfer chamber 20 receives the work W from the work supply device 36 provided adjacent to the housing 10, and the inside of the transfer chamber 20 is received. Work-in port (not shown) to be carried in, work-working port 3 to carry out processed work W
8 are provided. The work W has a stepped cylindrical shape,
In the work supply device 36, a plurality of the work supply devices 36 are stacked with the small diameter portion facing upward. Also, the partition wall 1
4 is also provided with a door 40 as shown in FIG.
It is designed so that you can enter within 6.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a column 50 is erected vertically at the center of the base 12 arranged in the processing chamber 16 in the width direction (left and right direction in FIG. 2). The column 50 has a length from the work supply device 36 side of the base 12 to the discharge side, and the headstock 52 is fixed to the lower side of the side surface of the transfer chamber 20 side. A spindle 56 having a spindle chuck 54 at its tip is supported by the spindle stock 52 so as to be rotatable around its axis. Spindle chuck 5
Reference numeral 4 is a three-jaw chuck that grips and releases the work W by opening and closing three claws. A pulley 60 is attached to the rear end of the main shaft 56 so as not to rotate relative to the main shaft 56, and is connected to a pulley 64 fixed to the output shaft of the main shaft drive motor 62 by a belt 66. Rotated by.

A Z-axis slide 70 is provided on the upper side of the side of the column 50 to which the headstock 52 is fixed, and is movable in the Z-axis direction parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft 56. The Z-axis slide 70 is fixed to the column 50, slidably fitted to a pair of guide rails 72 and 74 extending in the Z-axis direction, and screwed to a screw shaft 76 attached to the column 50 with a nut 78. Has been done. The Z-axis slide 70 is moved by rotating the screw shaft 76 by the pulley 80, the belt 82, the pulley 84, and the Z-axis slide drive motor 86.

On the Z-axis slide 70, the X-axis slide 9
0 is attached so as to be movable in the X-axis direction (vertical direction). The X-axis slide 90 is slidably fitted to a pair of guide rails 92 and 94 provided on the Z-axis slide 70, and is screwed to a screw shaft (not shown) supported by the Z-axis slide 70. The screw shaft is rotated by the X-axis slide drive motor 104 via the pulley 96, the belt 100, and the pulley 102 (see FIG. 2), so that the X-axis slide 90 is moved up and down.

On the X-axis slide 90, a turret tool post 110 is attached to the surface facing the headstock 52. As shown in FIG. 2, the turret tool post 110 is parallel to the rotation axis of the main shaft 56 on the X-axis slide 90,
It is mounted rotatably about a rotation axis located in the same vertical plane. Four cutting tools 112 and 114 are attached to the turret tool post 110 at equal angular intervals, and a total of eight cutting tools 112 and 114 are sequentially positioned at a use position (position directly below), and Z The work W is processed by being moved in the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction by the movement of the shaft slide 70 and the X-axis slide 90.

On the lower surface of the Z-axis slide 70, as shown in FIG.
As shown in, the temporary holding chuck 122 is fixed by the bracket 120. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bracket 120 is extended from the lower surface of the Z-axis slide 70 at right angles to the side surface of the column 50, and the temporary holding chuck 122 is concentrically opposed to the spindle chuck 54 at the protruding end thereof. Then installed. Temporary holding chuck 12
Reference numeral 2 is a three-jaw chuck similar to the spindle chuck 54, which holds the workpiece W by opening and closing the three jaws 124.
release. The Z-axis slide 70 is a slide that is movably attached to the column 50 and that moves only in the Z-axis direction. The temporary holding chuck 122 is moved on the rotation axis of the main shaft 56 by the movement of the Z-axis slide 70, The work W is delivered by being moved toward and away from the chuck 54. The Z-axis slide 70, the bracket 120, and the temporary holding chuck 122 constitute the holding device 128.

As shown in FIG. 1, the column 50 is further provided with a blowing device 130 for blowing the machining powder adhering to the reference surface for positioning the work W of the spindle chuck 54 with air. The blow-off device 130 is opposed to the spindle chuck 54 by a moving device (not shown), and has an operating position for blowing the processed powder and the spindle chuck 54.
The work W is moved to a retracted position that does not hinder the processing of the work W.

Further, a processing waste unloading device 140 is provided on the lower side of the headstock 52 of the base 12. The base 12 is provided with a machining waste collection hole 142 having a wall surface inclined from a position directly below the spindle chuck 54 in a direction away from the spindle chuck 54. The collection hole 142 has a collection hole 142 as shown in FIG. One end of the belt conveyor 144 of the processing waste carry-out device 140 is arranged so that the processing waste is placed. The other end of the belt conveyor 144 is slanted upward from the rear end of the base 12,
The upper end portion is driven by a conveyor drive motor 146, and a scrap box 148 is installed on the lower side to accommodate the processing scrap conveyed by the belt conveyor 144.

The door 40 of the partition wall 14 for partitioning the housing 10 is provided at a position corresponding to the spindle chuck 54 and the temporary holding chuck 122.

The work transfer robot 18 provided in the transfer chamber 20 is slidably fitted to a guide rail 150 mounted on the front surface of the base 12 in the Z-axis direction, and is moved in the Z-axis direction by a moving device (not shown). Be moved to. The work transfer robot 18 includes a turntable 152 that can turn about a vertical axis, a turn arm 154 that can turn about a horizontal axis, and first and second turn arms 154 provided at the tip of the turn arm 154. Transport chucks 156 and 158. These transport chucks 156 and 158 are three-jaw chucks, which are provided back to back on the wrist 160 at the tip of the rotating arm 154. By rotating the rotating arm 154, the main shaft chuck 54 and the temporary holding chuck 122 are separated. The work W is moved by being moved between them, and the work W is delivered by being selectively opposed to the main shaft chuck 54 and the temporary holding chuck 122 by the 180 ° rotation of the wrist 160 around the rotation arm axis line. The work transfer robot 18 constitutes a transfer device. The wrist 160 can be intermittently rotated by 90 degrees in both forward and reverse directions.

Next, the operation will be described. When the work transfer robot 18 supplies the work W to the headstock 52, the location where the work W is processed changes depending on whether the work W is delivered to the spindle chuck 54 or the temporary holding chuck 122.
A case will be described in which the delivery is performed in the order shown in FIG. 7 and the small diameter portion of the work W is processed. Note that, in FIG. 7, the work W is illustrated in a T shape, and the T-shaped horizontal bar represents the large diameter portion and the vertical bar represents the small diameter portion. Also, work W
The transfer of the workpieces is performed by moving the workpiece transfer robot 18 in the Z-axis direction, rotating the turntable 152, the rotating arm 154 and the wrist 160 of the workpiece transfer robot 18, opening and closing the chucks in a predetermined order. Although these operations are performed, these operations are already known and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

At the start of processing, the work transfer robot 18
Goes to the work supply device 36 to pick up the work W, grips the work W at the first transfer chuck 156, and
Move to 2. At this time, the rotating arm 1 is moved from the workpiece loading port.
54 projects outside the housing 10 to grip the work W,
After the work transfer robot 18 moves to the vicinity of the headstock 52, the door 40 is opened, the rotating arm 154 is rotated to enter the processing chamber 16, and the axis of the first transfer chuck 156 is the main shaft chuck 54. It stops at a position that coincides with the axis. Then, after the work W is passed from the first transport chuck 156 to the spindle chuck 54, the rotating arm 154 is withdrawn from the processing chamber 16, the door 40 is closed, and the processing is started.

The work transfer robot 18 is a new work W.
To the work supply device 36, and after the machining on the headstock 52 is completed, the work W is replaced with the machined work W. In the headstock 52, the work W is transferred from the spindle chuck 54 to the temporary holding chuck 122 after the machining is completed, and the blow-off device 130 cleans the reference surface of the spindle chuck 54. After the cleaning is completed, the door 40 is opened and the rotating arm 1 is opened.
54 is rotated into the processing chamber 16, and the transfer chuck 15
6 and 158 are aligned with the axes of the main spindle chuck 54 and the temporary holding chuck 122, respectively, a new work W is transferred to the main spindle chuck 54, and the processed work W is transferred from the temporary holding chuck 122 to the second position. It is transferred to the transfer chuck 158. The work W is transferred between the second transfer chuck 158 and the temporary holding chuck 122 by the work transfer robot 18 and the temporary holding chuck 122.
One of the two is moved in the Z-axis direction. After the delivery is completed, the rotating arm 154 is withdrawn from the processing chamber 16, the door 40 is closed, and the machining is started at the headstock 52, and the work transfer robot 18 moves to the work carry-out port 38 to rotate the rotating arm. 154 projects outward from the work carry-out port 38 to release the work W. After the release, the work transfer robot 18 goes to the work supply device 36 for the work W, and thereafter moves to the headstock 52 to deliver the work W as described above.

As described above, in the headstock 52, the reference surface of the spindle chuck 54 is cleaned by the blow-off device 130 after the machining of the work W is finished. At this time, the worked workpiece W is temporarily held by the chuck 122. Therefore, the work efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where the work transfer robot 18 receives the work W for cleaning. If the temporary holding chuck 122 is not provided, the door 40 is opened and the work transfer robot 18 receives the work W after the processing is finished, the door 40 is closed after the work transfer robot 18 exits the processing chamber 16, and the cleaning is performed. Door 40 again after the end
Is opened, the work transfer robot 18 enters the processing chamber 16, and a new work W is handed over to the spindle chuck 54. The door 40 is opened and closed twice, and the work transfer robot 18 waits for the completion of cleaning. Need to be present. On the other hand, if the temporary holding chuck 122 is provided,
The spindle chuck 54 can be cleaned by temporarily holding the processed work W, and the work transfer robot 18 moves to the headstock 52 so as to deliver the work W at the end of the cleaning. Good luck, door 40
Opening and closing is required only once for delivery of the work W after the cleaning is completed, and delivery of the processed work W and the unprocessed work W by the work transfer robot 18 can be collectively performed once. Further, the work transfer robot 18 does not have to wait for the completion of cleaning, and during that time, other operations such as receiving a new work W and discharging the processed work W can be performed, and the processing can be performed efficiently. You can do it.

Further, the door 40 is closed while the work W is processed and the reference surface of the main shaft 56 is cleaned, and the machining and cleaning are performed in the processing chamber 16, so that the coolant, the processing waste, and the like are generated. It is possible to obtain an effect that the worker is not scattered and the air in the factory is not polluted, noise is reduced, and the working environment is improved. Even if the door 40 is open, if the door 24 of the transfer chamber 20 is closed, the coolant and the processing waste do not scatter. In that case, however, the coolant and the processing waste are collected in the transfer chamber 20. However, it is not preferable because it hinders the traveling of the work transfer robot 18. As described above, it is desirable that the processing and the cleaning are performed with the door 40 closed, and the effect of improving the working environment can be obtained without reducing the processing efficiency. This is because it was made to hold.

Further, if both the door 24 and the door 40 are closed, the headstock 52 and the like are doubly covered, noise and the like are reduced extremely well, and the door 40 is closed. For example, work can be performed in the transfer chamber 20 during processing or cleaning.

Further, in this lathe, since the column 50 is erected vertically on the base 10, even if the processing dust is scattered, it does not accumulate on the traveling surfaces of the Z-axis slide 70 and the X-axis slide 90. , Their travel is not hindered.

Furthermore, since the turret tool post 110 is attached to the X-axis slide 90 provided on the front surface of the column 50 standing upright on the base 10, the turret tool post 110 is close to the door 40. Can be easily replaced.

In this lathe, as shown in FIG. 8, if the work W received from the work supply device 36 is transferred to the temporary holding chuck 122 and then transferred from the temporary holding chuck 122 to the spindle chuck 54, The large diameter portion of W can be processed. In this case, after machining, the door 40 is opened before cleaning the reference surface of the spindle chuck 54, the processed work W is passed from the spindle chuck 54 to the work transfer robot 18, and a new work W is temporarily transferred from the work transfer robot 18. After passing it to the holding chuck 122,
By closing the door 40 and cleaning the reference surface, the work W is transferred from the temporary holding chuck 122 to the spindle chuck 54 and processed, so that the door 40 can be opened and closed only once.

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the work W, which has been directly transferred from the work transfer robot 18 to the spindle chuck 54 and whose small diameter portion has been processed, is once transferred from the temporary holding chuck 122 to the work transfer robot 18. After that, if the work piece W is held again by the spindle chuck 54, the holding posture of the work W is reversed, and the large diameter portion can be processed. In this case,
After the processing is completed, the work W is held by the temporary holding chuck 122, and after the cleaning is completed, the work W is delivered to the work transfer robot 122.

In the above embodiment, the headstock is 1
Although a machine tool provided with a table has been described as an example, the present invention can also be applied to a machine tool provided with a plurality of headstocks. In that case, the headstocks may be arranged in parallel with each other or in series. Further, only one transfer device may be provided for a plurality of headstocks, a plurality of headstocks less than the number of headstocks may be provided, or each of the headstocks may be provided.

In addition, the present invention can be implemented in various modified and improved modes based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the claims.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention with a housing removed.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the lathe.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing a holding device provided on the lathe.

FIG. 4 is a side view of the holding device.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the lathe.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing an appearance of the lathe.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating work transfer between a work chuck and a spindle chuck and a temporary holding chuck provided on the lathe.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining another mode of work transfer between the main shaft chuck and the temporary holding chuck provided on the lathe and the work transfer robot.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating still another mode of delivery of a work between the work chuck and the spindle chuck and the temporary holding chuck provided on the lathe.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Housing 12 Base 14 Partition Wall 16 Processing Room 18 Work Transfer Robot 20 Transfer Room 40 Door 52 Spindle Base 54 Spindle Chuck 56 Spindle 70 Z-axis Slide 120 Bracket 122 Temporary Holding Chuck 128 Holding Device

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Gen Ogawa, 19 Chasuyama, Yamamachi, Chiryu-shi, Aichi Fuji Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Fuji Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroya Ishikawa 19 Chasuyama, Yamamachi, Chiryu City, Aichi Prefecture Fuji Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A base, a headstock which is provided on the base and rotatably supports a spindle having a spindle chuck at its tip, and a temporary holding chuck concentrically opposed to the spindle chuck. And a holding device which is provided so as to be movable only in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the spindle and which delivers a held object to and from the spindle chuck. 2. The transport device according to claim 1, further comprising a transporting device that transports the held object and can transfer the held object between the main shaft chuck and the temporary holding chuck. Machine Tools. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the headstock and the holding device are provided in a housing having a door that can be opened and closed.