JPH0484861A - Method for preparing fat and oil components and protein component from peanut seed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare an oil fraction and a protein fraction from peanut seeds at a low cost in excellent reproducibility, etc., by removing shells from the peanuts, thermally sterilizing the seeds, wet-grinding the seeds, treating the prepared milky suspension with cellulase or a mixture thereof with pectinase and subsequently separating the treated product into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction. CONSTITUTION:The seeds of peanut are subjected to a shell-removing treatment with a shell-removing device 1, steam-sterilized with a stream-sterilizing machine 2, charged in a grinder 3, mixed with a prescribed amount of water, ground, charged into an enzymatic reactor 5, treated with cellulase or a mixture or a mixture thereof with pectinase and subsequently heated to inactivate and sterilize the enzymes. The product is treated with a centrifuge for liquid-solid separation. The liquid fraction is fed into a cream separator 8 to separate an oily fraction from water fraction and the oily fraction is stored in a crude oil tank 9. The solid fraction containing protein is fed into a spray drier 11, dried and packed in bags with a bagging machine 13 through a shifter 12.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is based on a concept that is significantly different from known methods for producing peanut oil by mechanical separation from emulsified or pressed peanut seeds or by solvent extraction. The present invention relates to a method for producing improved peanut oil and high-quality peanut protein with a significantly lower oil content as new protein, based on the present invention.

[Conventional technology and its problems]

Peanut oil can be produced by pressing or extracting by squeezing using beef sun after pressing, and by boiling under high temperature and high pressure conditions and then centrifuging under high temperature conditions using a special machine. The method is known.

These can be classified into the following two types.

One is the solvent extraction method, which involves destroying the seed tissue by pressing and then extracting the oil, or extracting the oil after pressing using the solvent hexane, and the other method is by destroying the seed tissue by high temperature and pressure. This is a centrifugal separation method in which the emulsion is then separated into a liquid component and a solid component.

In the above-mentioned squeezing or post-squeezing solvent extraction method, the only way to obtain highly pure proteins is to adopt a solvent extraction method using hexane. There are defects that must be completely removed from both the protein content and various equipment for this purpose, such as heating evaporation pots, cooling machines, legal equipment for handling hazardous materials, and fire extinguishers, etc., must be installed. There are disadvantages to having to
Additionally, there are deficiencies that require extreme caution due to constant exposure to fire hazards.

There is also a disadvantage due to solvent loss.

In addition, the high-temperature and high-pressure method described above requires a special pressure cooker, has legal problems, and has the disadvantage of requiring various experiments under high-temperature conditions. There was a defect in that the separation operation had to be repeated over the entire facility.

[Problem of invention]

The present invention overcomes the disadvantages and deficiencies of the conventional methods as described above, and allows easy operation to separate fats and oils from protein, as well as produce excellent proteins with low oil content with good quality reproducibility. ,
The aim is to provide spinning tops at low cost.

[Means to solve the problem]

In the present invention, after dehulling and heat sterilization, the ground peanut seed emulsion is treated with cellulase, which is a type of enzyme, or with a mixture of enzymes containing cellulase and pectinase as active ingredients. This is a method for producing fats and oils and protein from peanuts.

The present inventors have discovered that when a ground peanut seed emulsion is treated with cellulase or a mixture of cellulase and pectinase after dehulling and heat sterilization, the enzyme acts on the emulsion. As a result, the emulsion is destroyed and two-layer separation occurs, and during this separation, oil and solids such as protein are easily separated, resulting in high-quality oils and fats. Efficiently purchase and purchase high quality protein.
It has been discovered that it can be manufactured by relatively simple means, and the present invention has been completed.

Therefore, the present invention provides an improved method for efficiently producing high-quality fats and oils and high-quality protein from peanut seeds using a method completely different from conventional methods.

Examples of the enzyme cellulase used in the method of the present invention include preparations of Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliform, and the like. Further, as pectinase, preparations such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus soger, Aspergillus japonicus, Fusarium moniliform, and Rhizobus can be mentioned.

In the method of the present invention, after dehulling and heat sterilization, these enzymes are added to a pulverized emulsion and allowed to react.

The above addition method is performed under the optimum conditions of the enzyme, i.e. 40 to 50
℃ and pH around 4 to 5, and any amount can be added depending on the enzyme activity, usually in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt% based on the shelled peanut seeds. . Further, these additions are preferably carried out in the form of an aqueous solution under stirring conditions. Also, the amount of water is usually about 2 to 1 ounces per peeled seed.
The amount is 0 times, preferably about 4 to 8 times.

The enzyme can be appropriately selected depending on the type of enzyme used and the combination thereof, but in the case of an enzyme having characteristics that require relatively high temperature conditions, it is recommended to use about 4 to 5 times the amount.

Furthermore, the enzyme to be added can be a mixture of a plurality of different enzyme source preparations. The mixing ratio of cellulase and pectinase can be freely selected depending on the enzyme source of the preparation. In addition, the enzyme reaction time is usually about 5 to 24 hours under stirring conditions, and depending on the amount of enzyme used,
If it can be shortened, it can also be lengthened.

When cellulase is used alone, the reaction solution is often milky, probably because the pectin is not decomposed, but by standing still, the oil droplets are separated and the milky water layer and solid portion are separated. (protein part), and the oil content can be easily separated from the emulsified part by processing it with a centrifuge.

Furthermore, by allowing the solution obtained by adding and reacting cellulase and pectinase to stand still, oil droplets can be separated and the solution can be separated into a fairly clear aqueous layer and a solid portion.

The enzyme-treated stock solution is subjected to enzyme inactivation and sterilization treatment under stirring conditions, and can be easily separated using any solid-liquid separation means.

Although no special means is required, a high-purity product can be easily produced by using a two-stage separation means for precise separation after rough separation.

Examples of the above-mentioned solid-liquid separator include a thrasher type centrifugal sedimentation machine and a separating plate type centrifugal separator.

The solid layer thus obtained can be immediately powdered using a spray dryer as a protein device, or can be used as it is as a protein curd.

In addition, the separated liquid layer is continuously passed through a cream separator (
It is possible to obtain transparent peanut oil with a moisture content of 0.5 wt% or less.

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail based on FIG.

First, peanut seeds are dehulled in a dehulling device 1, then sterilized by steaming in a steam sterilizer 2, and put into a crusher 3, which is equivalent to a strong mixer.
The powder is ground while introducing a predetermined amount of water through the conduit 4, and then introduced into the enzyme reactor 5, where an enzyme is added and reacted. Separate the solid and liquid using Thrasher type (7). The liquid separated by the centrifuge is introduced into the separation plate cream separator 8 together with the liquid separated from the solid by the separation plate centrifuge 10, where it is separated into oil and water, and the oil and fat are transferred to the crude oil tank 9.
is led to and stored. The solid content separated by the thrasher (centrifugal separator) is guided to the separation plate centrifuge 10, where the liquid content is further separated, and the separated liquid content is transferred to the cream separator 8.
At the same time, the solid content is dried in a spray dryer 11, passed through a sifter 12, and then packed in bags by an automatic bagging machine 13 or the like.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

Example 1 The same amount of water was added to 10 kg of dehulled peanut seeds and heated.
Sterilize at a temperature of 90 to 100°C for about 60 minutes, and after dehydration add the same amount of water and grind with a mixer to emulsify.

Add this to double the amount of water and the enzyme Cellulase Ap (Ohno Pharmaceutical ■)
and pectinase (Macero Team 2S, ■Yakult Honsha)
Add 100 g of each and perform the enzyme reaction at 47° C. for 20 hours under stirring conditions. Next, this reaction solution was heated to 90-1
The sample is heated to 00°C to deactivate the enzyme and sterilize it.

This is introduced into a slasher under stirring conditions to perform crude solid-liquid separation. At this point, the oil content in the solid content was 5% or less.

The oil-water layer is separated into oil and water using a cream separator, and approximately 4 kg of transparent oil (moisture content 0.5 wt%) is obtained.
Hereinafter, a specific gravity of 0.92) was obtained. On the other hand, the sludge layer
Add about twice the amount of hot water, introduce it into a separator plate centrifuge for precise separation, and use a spray dryer to powder it.
Approximately 3.5 kg of dry solids with an oil content of less than 1% were obtained.

Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 100 g of Driselase (Kyowa Hakko Kogyo) was used instead of the enzyme cellulase Ap used in Example 1. As a result, the same results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Example 3 The same procedure as in Example 2 was carried out, except that sucrase S (Sankyo@J) and pectinase (50 g each of Toyo Jojo Co., Ltd.) were used in place of the pectinase in Example 2.The results are as shown in Example 2. It was the same as 1.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing steps of an example of the method of the present invention. 1... Dehulling device, 2... Steam sterilizer, 3... Mixer 5... Enzyme reactor, 6... Heating machine, 7... Centrifugal separator, 8... Cream separator, 9...crude oil tank, 10...centrifugal separator, 11...spray dryer 13...automatic bagging machine

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. After dehulling and heat sterilization, the crushed peanut seed emulsion is treated with cellulase or a mixture of cellulase and pectinase to remove oil, fat and protein from peanut seeds. How to manufacture.