JPH0481688B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention detects the temperature of garbage in an incinerator that incinerates garbage such as domestic waste and industrial waste,
The present invention relates to an automatic combustion device for an incinerator that automatically controls the transfer speed of garbage present on a combustion grate and a drying grate based on the detected temperature. (Prior Art) FIG. 5 shows a schematic configuration of, for example, a stoker type garbage incinerator. The garbage collected and stored in garbage pit a is
After being grasped by crane b and having its weight measured by a crane load meter, it is thrown into hopper c. Garbage thrown into hopper c is dried over drying grate d
After passing through the combustion grate e, it is transferred to a combustion completion device f provided in front of the combustion grate e. The garbage thus turned into incinerated ash falls into the cooling water tank g, and the fallen incinerated ash is carried outside by a moving bed such as a scraper conveyor (not shown).
A drying grate transfer device h and a combustion grate transfer device i are connected to the drying grate d and the combustion grate e, and the garbage on the drying grate d and the combustion grate e is completely burned at a constant speed. It is designed to be transferred in the direction of the device f. Drying and combustion air are forcibly supplied from below to the waste on the drying grate d and the combustion grate e, respectively. The garbage incinerator configured in this way is
Operators monitored the inside of the incinerator and judged the combustion status of the waste, thereby adjusting the waste transfer speed, combustion air flow rate, combustion air temperature, etc. (Problems to be solved by the invention) However, the non-uniformity of the composition of waste and fluctuations in calorific value and moisture irregularly affect combustion.
As a result, the temperature inside the furnace fluctuates significantly, and these fluctuations lead to fluctuations in the drying and ignition speed of the waste on the drying and combustion grate, and a certain amount of waste is removed from the remaining unburned material. It was extremely difficult to minimize and incinerate continuously. In addition, the operator must constantly monitor the inside of the incinerator in order to understand the combustion status of the garbage, which poses a problem of increasing the burden on the operator. Furthermore, there was a problem in that the driver required training in order to judge the combustion situation and drive efficiently. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, conventionally, there have been published Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 103027/1983,
As seen in the systems described in Publication No. 60064 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-16671, the temperature inside the incinerator is detected and the transfer speed of the combustion grate is controlled so that the temperature inside the incinerator remains constant. An automatic combustion device has been proposed. However, although the conventional automatic combustion device described above has the advantage of keeping the temperature inside the incinerator constant, when detecting the temperature inside the incinerator, it detects not only the main combustion flame from the primary combustion, but also the secondary combustion flame and the furnace wall. It is unavoidable that the furnace is affected by radiant heat from the furnace, and therefore only the average temperature of the entire furnace or its vicinity can be detected. These devices that detect the temperature inside the incinerator only grasp the average situation inside the incinerator as a result of burning garbage, and they only measure the average condition inside the incinerator as a result of burning garbage. There was a problem in that it was not possible to accurately grasp the actual state of combustion in the combustion chamber, and it was not possible to perform appropriate control. In addition, as described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 16671/1987, there are some types of temperature detectors that are equipped with a cover, but the cover is easily burnt out by flames and cannot completely shield the radiant heat from the furnace wall. Can not. (Means for Solving the Problems) The automatic combustion device for an incinerator of the present invention includes a drying grate for drying garbage put into the incinerator, and a drying grate provided in front of the drying grate to dry the waste. An incinerator equipped with a combustion grate that burns the garbage that passes through it, a dry grate transfer device that transfers the garbage on the dry grate to the combustion grate, and a combustion grate transfer device that transfers the garbage on the combustion grate. In the furnace, the combustion grate includes a first temperature detector on the upstream side in the waste transfer direction for detecting the waste temperature at the time of waste ignition, and a first temperature detector on the downstream side in the waste transfer direction for detecting the waste temperature in an ideal combustion state. At least a second temperature detector is provided below the combustion grate, and first and second air inlets are provided below the combustion grate, each supplying a predetermined amount of air from below to an upstream portion and a downstream portion in the waste transfer direction. A quantity control device is provided, and first and second pressure detectors are provided for detecting the pressure in each feeding section of the combustion grate fed by the first and second air quantity control devices, and A transfer control unit is provided that controls the transfer speed of the drying grate transfer device and the combustion grate transfer device based on the average value of detected waste temperatures detected by the first and second temperature detectors, and the first, a first controlling the air amount of the first and second air amount control devices based on the detected garbage temperature detected by the second temperature detector and the detected pressure detected by the first and second pressure detectors; A second air amount control section is provided. (Function) The detected waste temperatures detected by the first and second temperature detectors are input to the transfer control unit, and the transfer control unit transfers the dry grate transfer device and the combustion grate based on the average value of these detected waste temperatures. Control the transfer speed of the device. Furthermore, the detected waste temperatures detected by the first and second temperature detectors and the detected pressures detected by the first and second pressure detectors are input to the first and second air amount control units, and the first The second air amount control section controls the amount of air supplied to the combustion grate by the first and second air amount control devices based on the detected waste temperature and the detected pressure. (Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This example will be explained using a stoker type garbage incinerator as an example of an incinerator. Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of this incinerator, where 1 is a garbage pit, 2 is a crane, 3 is a hopper, 4 is a drying grate, 5 is a combustion grate, 6 is a combustion completion device, and 7 is a hopper.
8 is a cooling water tank, 8 is a drying grate transfer device, and 9 is a combustion grate transfer device. The configuration is substantially the same as that described in the prior art section, so the explanation will be omitted here. The debris on the drying grate 4 and the combustion grate is transferred by a drying grate transfer device 8 and a combustion grate transfer device 9, and the transfer rate is controlled by a speed setting device 10.
(See Figure 3). This speed setting device 10 can be used to set the amount of waste to be incinerated and the combustion ratio between the speed of the drying grate transfer device 8 and the speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9. By calculating the times t ₁ and t ₂ of The grate 4 and the combustion grate 5 are operated intermittently by the dry grate transfer device 8 and the combustion grate transfer device 9 at intervals of the determined times t ₁ and t ₂ . For example, if 200 kg of waste can be removed from the hopper 3 each time the drying grate 4 is operated, the incinerator has a capacity of incinerating 96 tons in 16 hours, and the combustion ratio is 2. 96t/16 hours = 200Kg/120 seconds 120 seconds/2 = 60 seconds, so the intermittent operation times t ₁ and t ₂ of the drying grate 4 and the combustion grate 5 are as follows: t ₁ = 120 seconds, t ₂ = Calculated as 60 seconds. Here, the combustion grate 5 has this combustion grate 5.
A first temperature detector 11 and a second temperature detector 12 for detecting the temperature of the upper garbage are provided at a predetermined interval in the garbage transfer direction. First temperature detector 11
is provided on the upstream side in the garbage transfer direction, and detects the garbage temperature when the garbage is ignited. Second
The temperature detector 12 is provided on the downstream side in the waste transfer direction, and detects the waste temperature in an ideal combustion state. These first and second temperature detectors 11,1
2 is installed so that each detection point is in close contact with the combustion grate 5 or in the vicinity of the combustion grate 5 so that the temperature of the waste in the above-mentioned state can be detected. and,
The transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 is controlled by the temperatures detected by the first and second temperature detectors 11 and 12. That is, the detected temperatures T ₁ ,
T ₂ is input to the transfer control unit 50, and the transfer control unit 50 calculates the difference T ₂ −T ₁ between the detected temperatures T ₁ and T ₂ , the set temperature T ₀ preset by the temperature setting device 15, and the allowable deviation. A reference set temperature T ₀ ±ΔT based on ΔT is compared. Then, a signal is output to the combustion grate transfer device 9 to increase or decrease the transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 based on the comparison result. Specifically, if the comparison result between the temperature difference T ₂ −T ₁ and the standard set temperature T ₀ ±△T is T ₂ −T ₁ ≧T ₀ +△T, the transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 is A signal is issued to reduce the amount of debris on the combustion grate 5, and the debris is moved at a low speed. In other words, the intermittent operation time t ₂ of the combustion grate 5 is increased. Also, if T ₂ −T ₁ ≦T ₀ −△T,
A signal is issued to increase the transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9, and the debris on the combustion grate 5 is moved at high speed. In other words, the intermittent operation time t ₂ of the combustion grate 5
shorten. If you want to change this time t ₂ , you can compare the temperature difference T ₂ −T ₁ and the standard set temperature T ₀ ±△T at regular intervals and change the time t ₂ based on the magnitude of the difference. Alternatively, it may be increased or decreased at a constant rate (for example, 5% of time _t2 or 5 seconds) by comparison at a constant period. In addition, the above detected temperatures T ₁ and T ₂ are
Although the instantaneous values of the first and second temperature detectors 11 and 12 may be used, it is preferable to use an average value over a predetermined period to obtain a more accurate value. Further, FIG. 2 shows that three temperature detectors 13a, 13b, and 13c are provided on the combustion grate 5 at predetermined intervals in the transfer direction. The temperature detector 13a is provided behind the combustion grate 5,
This detects the temperature of waste at the ignition point under ideal combustion conditions. The temperature detector 13b is provided approximately at the center of the combustion grate 5, and detects the temperature of the waste at the combustion point in an ideal combustion state. The temperature detector 13c is provided in front of the combustion grate 5 and detects the burnout point in an ideal combustion state or the temperature of the waste behind it. Each temperature detector 13a, 13b, installed in this way,
The transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 is controlled based on the temperature detected by the combustion grate transfer device 9. That is, similar to the case where two temperature detectors are provided as described above, the detected temperatures T ₃ , T ₄ , and T ₅ detected by each temperature detector 13a, 13b, and 13c are input to the transfer control section,
After being compared with the standard set temperature T ₀ ±ΔT, a signal is output to the combustion grate transfer device 9 to increase or decrease the transfer speed based on the comparison result. In detail,
The increase/decrease in the transfer speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 is as shown in Table 1 depending on the detected temperatures T ₃ , T ₄ , and T ₅ .

[Table] Here, the temperature difference T ₂ − T ₁ or T ₃ −
Although only the speed of the combustion grate transfer device 9 was changed based on _T5 , the speed of the drying grate transfer device 8 was changed based on the temperature difference _T2 - _T1 or _T3 - _T5 . The moving speed of the dust on the drying grate 4 and the combustion grate 5 may both be changed. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a specific example of a transfer control section 50 that controls the transfer speed of the above-mentioned combustion grate transfer device and dry grate transfer device. Although FIG. 3 shows a block diagram when two temperature detectors are provided, if there are three temperature detectors, one more temperature detector may be added. The comparison unit 14 includes the first and second temperature detectors 11,
Difference between each detected temperature T ₁ and T ₂ detected in step 12 T ₂ - _{T 1}
and the standard set temperature T ₀ set by the temperature setting device 15.
Compare ±△T. The signals compared by the comparison unit 14 are input to the speed correction calculation unit 16, and the transfer speed (times t ₁ , t ₂ ) stored in the speed storage unit 17
The speed is corrected based on This speed-corrected signal is sent to the subtraction counter 1 via the speed storage section 17.
8 and 19, respectively, and the pulse oscillator 20
After being multiplied (subtracted) by the subtraction counters 18 and 19 based on the signal from Each time t ₁ , t ₂ is changed, it is stored, and thereafter, each time t ₁ , t ₂ is changed in the speed correction calculating section 16, the changed value is stored. Note that 21 and 22 are indicators. Next, in this incinerator, a fourth temperature detector 30 is provided above the combustion completion device 6 to detect the upper temperature of the accumulated incineration ash, and the fourth temperature detector 30 and the combustion completion device 6 are connected to each other. A fifth temperature detector 31 is provided between the combustion completion device 6 and the temperature T 6 for detecting the temperature of the middle or lower part of the incinerated ash deposited in the combustion completion device ₆ . is input to the third air amount control section 32.
The third air amount control unit 32 controls the air amount of a third air amount control device 33 such as a damper based on the input detected temperature _T6 . For example, when the temperature rises, the air amount increases. , the amount of air is controlled to decrease as the temperature drops. Further, the detected temperature T ₇ detected by the fifth temperature detector 31 is input to the combustion completion control section 35 . This combustion completion control unit 35 operates the combustion completion device 6 by its drive device 36 when the detected temperature T ₇ becomes smaller than the set temperature, and sequentially cools the incinerated ash accumulated in the combustion completion device 6 from the lower layer. Drop into water tank 7. Thereby, the combustion completion device 6 can always be operated automatically and in a good condition. Further, below the combustion grate 5, air supply sections are formed on the upstream side and the downstream side in the dust transfer direction, respectively. First and second air amount control devices 40 and 41 are connected to this air supply section,
A predetermined amount of air is fed into each air feeding section by the first and second air amount control devices 40 and 41. The air fed into the air feed section passes through the combustion grate 5 and the debris on the combustion grate 5, and is sent into the furnace.
Each air supply section has first and second pressure detectors 42 and 43 for detecting the pressure inside the air supply section.
is provided. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the detected pressure P ₁ from the first pressure sensor 42 and the first temperature sensor 11
Detected pressure _P 2 from the first air amount control section 44 and the second pressure detector 43 into which the detected temperature T ₁ is inputted.
The second air amount control unit 45 inputs the detected temperature T ₂ from the second temperature detector 12, and receives each detection signal P ₁ ,
The air amounts of the first and second air amount control devices 40 and 41 are controlled based on T ₁ , P ₂ , and T ₂ . That is, the first and second air amount control units 44 and 45 respectively output the detection signals P ₁ and T ₁ and the set values P ₁₁ and P ₁₂ (>P ₁₁ ), T ₂₁ and T ₂₂
(>T ₂₁ ), and only when the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3 occur, the first and second air control devices 4
The amount of air supplied to the combustion grate 5 is increased or decreased by a predetermined amount from 0.41. Thereby, the amount of air supplied to the combustion grate 5 can always be controlled automatically and in the best condition. An incinerator controlled in this way can burn garbage and transport incinerated ash in a nearly ideal manner, and the incinerator can be operated automatically.

【table】

[Table] (Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the first temperature detector detects the waste temperature in the waste ignition state, and the second temperature detector detects the waste temperature in the ideal combustion state. By detecting the temperature, it is possible to accurately detect the combustion status of garbage on the combustion grate, which changes from moment to moment, and the transfer speed of the garbage on the combustion grate and drying grate can be determined based on the detected garbage temperature. Through this control, the ignition point and combustion point of the garbage are set at stable positions, and stable automatic combustion of garbage with less unburned matter is possible. Further, the air amount of the first and second air amount control devices is determined based on the detected garbage temperature detected by the first and second temperature detectors and the detected pressure detected by the first and second pressure detectors. By controlling the amount of air supplied to the combustion grate, the amount of air supplied to the combustion grate can be controlled automatically and always in a good condition. As a result, it is possible to provide an automatic combustion device for an incinerator that can perform combustion of garbage and transport of incinerated ash in a nearly ideal manner, and can operate the incinerator automatically.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the incinerator of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is a partial diagram showing the arrangement of three temperature detectors provided on the combustion grate, Fig. 3 is a block diagram showing the control system of the drying grate transfer device and the combustion grate transfer device, and Fig. 4 The figure is a block diagram showing an outline of the control system of the first and second air amount control devices, and Fig. 5 is a block diagram showing the outline of a conventional incinerator. 4... Dry grate, 5... Combustion grate, 8... Dry grate transfer device, 9... Combustion grate transfer device, 11.
12, 13a, 13b, 13c...Temperature detector, 4
0, 41... Air amount control device, 42, 43... Pressure detector, 44, 45... Air amount control section, 50... Transfer control section.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A drying grate that dries the garbage put into the incinerator; a combustion grate that is provided in front of the drying grate and burns the garbage that has passed through the drying grate;
An incinerator equipped with a dry grate transfer device that transfers waste on a dry grate to a combustion grate, and a combustion grate transfer device that transfers waste on a combustion grate, At least a first temperature detector for detecting the waste temperature at the time of waste ignition is provided on the upstream side in the transfer direction, and a second temperature detector for detecting the waste temperature in the ideal combustion state on the downstream side in the waste transfer direction, On the other hand, below the combustion grate, first and second air amount control devices are provided for supplying a predetermined amount of air from below to the upstream portion and the downstream portion in the garbage transfer direction, respectively, and
The first and second air flow controllers detect the pressure within each feeding section of the combustion grate that is fed by the first and second air amount control devices.
A pressure detector is provided, and the first and second
A transfer control unit is provided that controls the transfer speed of the dry grate transfer device and the combustion grate transfer device based on the average value of detected waste temperatures detected by the temperature detector, and the first and second temperature detectors the first and second pressure detectors based on the detected garbage temperature detected by the first and second pressure detectors;
An automatic combustion device for an incinerator, characterized in that first and second air amount control sections are provided to control the air amount of the air amount control device.